On the approaches to Kazan along with the Kazan defensive line.

The Sursky Frontier was built in 45 days.

Construction background

When in October 1941 the Wehrmacht was advancing towards Moscow and Moscow was preparing for defense, a preliminary plan for the construction of defensive and strategic lines in the deep rear on the Oka, Don, and Volga was discussed and adopted in the State Defense Committee. The main and additional plans for rear defensive construction set the task of strengthening Gorky, Kazan, Kuibyshev, Penza, Saratov, Stalingrad, Ulyanovsk and other cities. In case of failure for Soviet troops development of defensive operations, they were supposed to delay the enemy at new lines.

Start of construction

Construction of the Sur defensive line began at the end of October 1941.

The construction of the defensive line, which later became known as the “Sursky Line,” began in 1941, when German troops were already near Moscow. In accordance with the instructions of the State Defense Committee of October 16, 1941, the Council of People's Commissars of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Bureau of the Chuvash Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks make the decision: “Mobilize from October 28, 1941 to carry out construction work on the territory of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Sursky and Kazan defensive lines. The population of the republic who is at least 17 years old and physically healthy is subject to mobilization.”

On October 22, 1941, the bureau of the Penza City Defense Committee decided to build a defensive line in the region. More than 100 thousand people were mobilized for these purposes. The builders had to build fortifications along the river. Sure, through the village. Lunino, s. Bessonovka, Penza, Lemzyayku village and village. Keys. In parallel with this, another line of defense was built: the village. Lunino - village Mokshan - s. Zagoskino - st. Alexandrovka. It was planned to build 450 kilometers of ditches, 1,500 firing points, and build about 12,000 dugouts for soldiers. This required more than 300 thousand cubic meters of forest; 1.5 million bricks; dozens of cars of glass, roofing iron and nails. We were talking only about the first stage of construction. When constructing the second line of defensive fortifications, these figures should have been increased at least three times. In addition, the need for labor and materials to carry out a number of engineering works was not taken into account: the construction of wire fences; destruction of bridges, roads and houses; installation of anti-tank mines; construction of shelters; procurement and delivery of materials for the main line of defense.

Construction progress

The mobilized population was united into work teams of 50 people. Each district was assigned a slave site. The first secretaries of the Chuvash Republican Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the chairmen of the executive committees of district councils of workers' deputies were sent as heads of pro-slavery sections. They were entrusted “to ensure the normal functioning of those mobilized in their area”: place in the surrounding villages, barracks, build dugouts. Collective farms had to organize the supply of food and fodder, and medical stations - with the necessary medicines. Military field structures (MFS) were organized with centers - Yadrin, Shumerlya, Poretskoye, Alatyr.

Technical management was provided by military engineers of the 11th and 12th Army Directorates of the Glavoboronstroy of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR. Personnel from Chuvashia enterprises were also involved (in particular, the construction manager of the Cheboksary Plant 320 (the current Chapaev plant) Eremin took part in the construction. The Chairman of the State Planning Committee of Chuvashia, the Secretary of the OK CPSU for Industry and Transport, was instructed to identify all available reserves of metal, cement and stone, “to organize the production of reinforced concrete, machine gun caps and the production of staples and forks for bunkers at enterprises of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic”.

The Commissioner of the People's Commissariat of Communications for Chuvashia, Voronin, pledged to provide uninterrupted telephone and telegraph communications with field construction sites and construction sites. The departments were staffed mainly by local personnel. Thus, for the construction of the Sursky border, teachers, surveyors, foresters, and senior officials of the Tatar, Chuvash, and Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics were mobilized into the 1st and 12th UOS. A total of 845 local specialists were mobilized. In addition, 160 specialists arrived according to orders from the Main Directorate of Defense Construction.

The resolution of a special meeting of the Council of People's Commissars and the bureau of the regional committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on October 28, 1941 stipulated that each district was to provide its workers with equipment - shovels, picks, crowbars, sledgehammers, saws, wheelbarrows, stretchers, etc. 226 wheeled and 77 crawler tractors, 5 excavators. Measures were taken to provide workers with the necessary building materials (construction tools, timber, cement, bricks, etc.). “Place the population in the surrounding villages, barracks, buildings of forestry and other organizations, and build dugouts for the missing area. Provide food at the expense of collective farms, organize boiler stations…” the document noted. “In order to improve the uninterrupted supply of food to the mobilized, the chairmen of the executive committees of the district councils were obliged to ensure the creation of a carry-over supply of food for at least 10 days in the area of ​​work of the district and demanded not to allow any interruptions in the supply of workers with food,” mobile isolation hospitals and medical stations were organized , sanitary epidemiological and disinfection teams. For this purpose, the required number of medical workers, medicines, and dressings were allocated.

On January 17, 1942, the cessation of work on the defensive line was announced. According to Penza local historian V.A. Mochalov, the exact date of completion of construction can be considered January 22, 1942. On this day, the command of the 51 PS sent a letter to the leadership of Penza, in which they informed that the line was “finished on time and perfectly.”

According to available information, units of the 6th Engineer Army were redeployed from the Penza region to the Tambov region already on the 30th of December 1941. .

Memory

Write a review of the article "Sursky line of defense"

Notes

Links

• www.vsar.ru/2010/04/syrskiy-rybej

An excerpt characterizing the Sursky line of defense

What fire have you planted in your heart,
What delight flowed through my fingers!
He sang in a passionate voice, shining at the frightened and happy Natasha with his agate, black eyes.
- Wonderful! Great! – Natasha shouted. “Another verse,” she said, not noticing Nikolai.
“They have everything the same,” thought Nikolai, looking into the living room, where he saw Vera and his mother with the old woman.
- A! Here comes Nikolenka! – Natasha ran up to him.
- Is daddy at home? - he asked.
– I’m so glad you came! – Natasha said without answering, “we’re having so much fun.” Vasily Dmitrich remains for me one more day, you know?
“No, dad hasn’t come yet,” said Sonya.
- Coco, you have arrived, come to me, my friend! - said the countess's voice from the living room. Nikolai approached his mother, kissed her hand and, silently sitting down at her table, began to look at her hands, laying out the cards. Laughter and cheerful voices were still heard from the hall, persuading Natasha.
“Well, okay, okay,” Denisov shouted, “now there’s no point in making excuses, barcarolla is behind you, I beg you.”
The Countess looked back at her silent son.
- What happened to you? – Nikolai’s mother asked.
“Oh, nothing,” he said, as if he was already tired of this same question.
- Will daddy arrive soon?
- I think.
“Everything is the same for them. They don't know anything! Where should I go?” thought Nikolai and went back to the hall where the clavichord stood.
Sonya sat at the clavichord and played the prelude of the barcarolle that Denisov especially loved. Natasha was going to sing. Denisov looked at her with delighted eyes.
Nikolai began to walk back and forth around the room.
“And now you want to make her sing? – what can she sing? And there’s nothing fun here,” thought Nikolai.
Sonya struck the first chord of the prelude.
“My God, I am lost, I am a dishonest person. A bullet in the forehead, the only thing left to do is not sing, he thought. Leave? but where? anyway, let them sing!”
Nikolai gloomily, continuing to walk around the room, glanced at Denisov and the girls, avoiding their gaze.
“Nikolenka, what’s wrong with you?” – asked Sonya’s gaze fixed on him. She immediately saw that something had happened to him.
Nikolai turned away from her. Natasha, with her sensitivity, also instantly noticed her brother’s condition. She noticed him, but she herself was so happy at that moment, she was so far from grief, sadness, reproaches, that she (as often happens with young people) deliberately deceived herself. No, I’m having too much fun now to spoil my fun by sympathizing with someone else’s grief, she felt, and said to herself:
“No, I’m rightly mistaken, he should be as cheerful as I am.” Well, Sonya,” she said and went out to the very middle of the hall, where, in her opinion, the resonance was best. Raising her head, lowering her lifelessly hanging hands, as dancers do, Natasha, energetically shifting from heel to tiptoe, walked through the middle of the room and stopped.
"Here I am!" as if she was speaking in response to the enthusiastic gaze of Denisov, who was watching her.
“And why is she happy! - Nikolai thought, looking at his sister. And how isn’t she bored and ashamed!” Natasha hit the first note, her throat expanded, her chest straightened, her eyes took on a serious expression. She was not thinking about anyone or anything at that moment, and sounds flowed from her folded mouth into a smile, those sounds that anyone can make at the same intervals and at the same intervals, but which a thousand times leave you cold, in the thousand and first times they make you shudder and cry.
This winter Natasha began to sing seriously for the first time, especially because Denisov admired her singing. She no longer sang like a child, there was no longer in her singing that comic, childish diligence that was in her before; but she still did not sing well, as all the expert judges who listened to her said. “Not processed, but a wonderful voice, it needs to be processed,” everyone said. But they usually said this long after her voice had fallen silent. At the same time, when this raw voice sounded with irregular aspirations and with efforts of transitions, even the expert judges did not say anything, and only enjoyed this raw voice and only wanted to hear it again. In her voice there was that virginal pristineness, that ignorance of her own strengths and that still unprocessed velvet, which were so combined with the shortcomings of the art of singing that it seemed impossible to change anything in this voice without spoiling it.
“What is this? - Nikolai thought, hearing her voice and opening his eyes wide. -What happened to her? How does she sing these days? - he thought. And suddenly the whole world focused for him, waiting for the next note, the next phrase, and everything in the world became divided into three tempos: “Oh mio crudele affetto... [Oh my cruel love...] One, two, three... one, two... three... one... Oh mio crudele affetto... One, two, three... one. Eh, our life is stupid! - Nikolai thought. All this, and misfortune, and money, and Dolokhov, and anger, and honor - all this is nonsense... but here it is real... Hey, Natasha, well, my dear! Well, mother!... how will she take this si? I took it! God bless!" - and he, without noticing that he was singing, in order to strengthen this si, took the second to the third of a high note. "My God! how good! Did I really take it? how happy!” he thought.
ABOUT! how this third trembled, and how something better that was in Rostov’s soul was touched. And this was something independent of everything in the world, and above everything in the world. What kind of losses are there, and the Dolokhovs, and honestly!... It’s all nonsense! You can kill, steal and still be happy...

Rostov has not experienced such pleasure from music for a long time as on this day. But as soon as Natasha finished her barcarolle, reality came back to him again. He left without saying anything and went downstairs to his room. A quarter of an hour later the old count, cheerful and satisfied, arrived from the club. Nikolai, hearing his arrival, went to him.
- Well, did you have fun? - said Ilya Andreich, smiling joyfully and proudly at his son. Nikolai wanted to say “yes,” but he couldn’t: he almost burst into tears. The Count was lighting his pipe and did not notice his son’s condition.
“Oh, inevitably!” - Nikolai thought for the first and last time. And suddenly, in the most casual tone, such that he seemed disgusted to himself, as if he was asking the carriage to go to the city, he told his father.
- Dad, I came to you for business. I forgot about it. I need money.
“That’s it,” said the father, who was in a particularly cheerful spirit. - I told you that it won’t be enough. Is it a lot?
“A lot,” Nikolai said, blushing and with a stupid, careless smile, which for a long time later he could not forgive himself. – I lost a little, that is, a lot, even a lot, 43 thousand.
- What? Who?... You're kidding! - shouted the count, suddenly turning apoplectic red in the neck and back of his head, like old people blush.
“I promised to pay tomorrow,” said Nikolai.
“Well!...” said the old count, spreading his arms and sank helplessly onto the sofa.
- What to do! Who hasn't this happened to? - said the son in a cheeky, bold tone, while in his soul he considered himself a scoundrel, a scoundrel who whole life could not atone for his crime. He would have liked to kiss his father's hands, on his knees to ask for his forgiveness, but he said in a careless and even rude tone that this happens to everyone.
Count Ilya Andreich lowered his eyes when he heard these words from his son and hurried, looking for something.
“Yes, yes,” he said, “it’s difficult, I’m afraid, it’s difficult to get... never happened to anyone!” yes, who hasn’t happened to... - And the count glanced briefly into his son’s face and walked out of the room... Nikolai was preparing to fight back, but he never expected this.
- Daddy! pa... hemp! - he shouted after him, sobbing; excuse me! “And, grabbing his father’s hand, he pressed his lips to it and began to cry.

While the father was explaining to his son, an equally important explanation was taking place between the mother and daughter. Natasha ran to her mother excitedly.
- Mom!... Mom!... he did it to me...
- What did you do?
- I did, I proposed. Mother! Mother! - she shouted. The Countess could not believe her ears. Denisov proposed. To whom? This tiny girl Natasha, who had recently been playing with dolls and was now taking lessons.
- Natasha, that’s complete nonsense! – she said, still hoping that it was a joke.
- Well, that's nonsense! “I’m telling you the truth,” Natasha said angrily. – I came to ask what to do, and you tell me: “nonsense”...
The Countess shrugged.
“If it’s true that Monsieur Denisov proposed to you, then tell him that he’s a fool, that’s all.”
“No, he’s not a fool,” Natasha said offendedly and seriously.
- Well, what do you want? You are all in love these days. Well, you’re in love, so marry him! – the countess said, laughing angrily. - With God blessing!
- No, mom, I’m not in love with him, I must not be in love with him.
- Well, tell him so.
- Mom, are you angry? You’re not angry, my dear, what’s my fault?
- No, what about it, my friend? If you want, I’ll go and tell him,” said the countess, smiling.
- No, I’ll do it myself, just teach me. Everything is easy for you,” she added, responding to her smile. - If only you could see how he told me this! After all, I know that he didn’t mean to say this, but he said it by accident.
- Well, you still have to refuse.
- No, don't. I feel so sorry for him! He is so cute.
- Well, then accept the offer. “And then it’s time to get married,” the mother said angrily and mockingly.
- No, mom, I feel so sorry for him. I don't know how I'll say it.
“You don’t have anything to say, I’ll say it myself,” said the countess, indignant that they dared to look at this little Natasha as if she were big.
“No, no way, I myself, and you listen at the door,” and Natasha ran through the living room into the hall, where Denisov was sitting on the same chair, by the clavichord, covering his face with his hands. He jumped up at the sound of her light steps.
“Natalie,” he said, approaching her with quick steps, “decide my fate.” It's in your hands!
- Vasily Dmitrich, I feel so sorry for you!... No, but you are so nice... but don’t... this... otherwise I will always love you.
Denisov bent over her hand, and she heard strange sounds, incomprehensible to her. She kissed his black, matted, curly head. At this time, the hasty noise of the countess's dress was heard. She approached them.
“Vasily Dmitrich, I thank you for the honor,” said the countess in an embarrassed voice, but which seemed stern to Denisov, “but my daughter is so young, and I thought that you, as a friend of my son, would turn to me first.” In this case, you would not put me in the need of refusal.
“Athena,” Denisov said with downcast eyes and a guilty look, he wanted to say something else and faltered.
Natasha could not calmly see him so pitiful. She began to sob loudly.
“Countess, I am guilty before you,” Denisov continued in a broken voice, “but know that I adore your daughter and your entire family so much that I would give two lives...” He looked at the countess and, noticing her stern face... “Well, goodbye, Athena,” he said, kissed her hand and, without looking at Natasha, walked out of the room with quick, decisive steps.

The next day, Rostov saw off Denisov, who did not want to stay in Moscow for another day. Denisov was seen off at the gypsies by all his Moscow friends, and he did not remember how they put him in the sleigh and how they took him to the first three stations.
After Denisov’s departure, Rostov, waiting for the money that the old count could not suddenly collect, spent another two weeks in Moscow, without leaving the house, and mainly in the young ladies’ room.
Sonya was more tender and devoted to him than before. She seemed to want to show him that his loss was a feat for which she now loves him even more; but Nikolai now considered himself unworthy of her.
He filled the girls' albums with poems and notes, and without saying goodbye to any of his acquaintances, finally sending all 43 thousand and receiving Dolokhov's signature, he left at the end of November to catch up with the regiment, which was already in Poland.

After his explanation with his wife, Pierre went to St. Petersburg. In Torzhok there were no horses at the station, or the caretaker did not want them. Pierre had to wait. Without undressing, he lay down on a leather sofa in front of a round table, put his big feet in warm boots on this table and thought.
– Will you order the suitcases to be brought in? Make the bed, would you like some tea? – asked the valet.
Pierre did not answer because he did not hear or see anything. He began to think at the last station and continued to think about the same thing - about something so important that he did not pay any attention to what was happening around him. Not only was he not interested in the fact that he would arrive in St. Petersburg later or earlier, or whether he would or would not have a place to rest at this station, but it was still in comparison with the thoughts that occupied him now whether he would stay for a few days. hours or a lifetime at this station.
The caretaker, the caretaker, the valet, the woman with Torzhkov sewing came into the room, offering their services. Pierre, without changing his position with his legs raised, looked at them through his glasses, and did not understand what they could need and how they could all live without resolving the questions that occupied him. And he was preoccupied with the same questions from the very day he returned from Sokolniki after the duel and spent the first, painful, sleepless night; only now, in the solitude of the journey, did they take possession of him with special power. No matter what he started to think about, he returned to the same questions that he could not solve, and could not stop asking himself. It was as if the main screw on which his whole life was held had turned in his head. The screw did not go in further, did not go out, but spun, not grabbing anything, still on the same groove, and it was impossible to stop turning it.

Having talked about our “expedition” to the Sur defense line, I consider it necessary to devote a separate post to preparations for the forced march. After all, behind the snowmobile trip, “Lessons in Courage” for schoolchildren, the search for eyewitnesses and participants in those distant events of 1941, there is the painstaking work of dozens of people.

How did the idea of ​​a forced march to the construction site of the Sur defense line come about? To put it simply, the ideas and plans of the Samara veterans converged at one point public organizations, the United Russia party and the Navigator 63 team. I talked about the latter in a previous post.

Social activists represented by the Chairman of the City Council of Veterans of War, Labor, Armed Forces and Pensioners turned to the party law enforcement Vladimir Pronin (pictured left). In turn, relatives of the builders, or rather female builders, of the construction of the Sursky border came out to him. As I wrote earlier, the construction of a defensive structure is one of the little-known pages of the history of the Great Patriotic War. The Navigator members were preparing for the next training march, as they called it. The secretary of the Samara regional branch of United Russia, Alexander Fetisov, gathered social activists and extreme sports enthusiasts at one table. Let me remind you that with the support of the party, “Navigator 63” has already made two serious runs: “Samara-Saransk”, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan and “Two capitals - one destiny” along the Samara-Moscow route in memory of the military parade in Kuibyshev 1941.
Preparations for sending to the Sursky border began. We convened several working meetings, held a press conference, called historians and military personnel, and began, as they say, to study the topic. At the suggestion of Alexander Fetisov, the search for eyewitnesses and builders of the Sursky border began, and filming of a story with their participation began. An idea also came up to make an unusual start to the forced march.

Still from the film about the builders of the Sursky border

The program of staying at the final point of the route - in the village of Bolshiye Berezniki (Republic of Mordovia) was separately worked out. There is a training camp of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and an improvised stele in memory of the builders of the border. This program has changed several times. The Saransk side put together a rich program, which included everything from meetings and meals to excursions, tributes and open lessons. As a result, we worked according to a short but maximally capacious stay plan.
I note that the 5 members of the Navigator 63 team on snowmobiles are not the only participants in the forced march. In parallel with them, a column with members of the military-patriotic clubs of the province “Typhoon”, “Midshipmen” and “Contingent”, led by the head of the “Contingent” center Alexei Rodionov, was moving to Bolshiye Berezniki from Samara. Total - 12 people. Among them are Anna Kalinina and Kristina Agisheva (Military Industrial Complex “Midshipmen”). The guys also had a real combat mission - to arrive at the line, conduct “Lessons in Courage”, stages of the military sports game “Zarnitsa” at a local school and stand on the guard of honor at the memorial. Looking ahead, I will say that the guys completed the tasks 100%.
The start of the forced march itself, as I wrote above, was made unusual. On February 18, a forum of primary branches of United Russia was held at the Samara sports complex "MTL Arena" with the participation of delegates from all over the Volga region federal district and Governor of the Samara Region Nikolai Merkushkin. Snowmobiles stood in full combat readiness near the building of the United Russia executive committee in another part of the city - on Revolutionary Street. A teleconference was organized between these two points: live, the governor gives a parting speech and, together with the 1.5 thousand audience of the MTL Arena hall, wishes good luck to the participants of the race and sees them off on a difficult journey. The expedition starts!

(Photo - Vladimir Kotmishev)

It takes two days and 526 km to get to Bolshiye Berezniki off-road on snowmobiles. I will not dwell in detail on the difficulties that the team members overcame. There were transfers in the dark, and spending the night in tents in the snow, and breakdowns, and warming up by a fire in the open air - but all this was “everyday life”, difficulties that everyone consciously went through, so let all this remain outside the scope of my story .

Let's move on to the final point of the route. We were greeted warmly - Mordovia knows how to welcome guests. On the approaches to the area where Bolshie Berezniki is located, the local administration and United Russia members prepared bread and salt for the expedition members who had come a long way.

Next we are escorted to the Ministry of Emergency Situations camp I mentioned above. Here we cannot fail to mention the person who supported the Samara forced march initiative, who fed and received guests in the camp. This is the reserve major general, chief training center EMERCOM of Russia Vyacheslav Kormilitsyn. A graduate of the Ulyanovsk Military School of Communications, the Military Academy of Communications, the Academy of Civil Defense of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, he served in Afghanistan and Germany, participated in humanitarian operations to provide assistance to the Republic of Dagestan, the Chechen Republic, the Stavropol Territory and the Altai Republic. Kormilitsyn is one of those who not only talks about the military-patriotic education of youth, but also does a lot for the younger generation. Under his leadership, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Mordovia became the first power structure in the republic that paid attention to the patriotic education of schoolchildren and began to introduce such a form of work as cadet classes. As a result, in the region, with his direct participation, an entire cadet movement is now developing: there are 12 cadet classes in the republic, not only in Saransk, but also in the regional centers - Ruzaevka, Ardatov.

Now Vyacheslav Kormilitsyn goes further and works not only with cadets. In the Bolshebereznikovsky district, on the banks of the Sura River, an experimental town of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia “Safety School”, which he heads, has been successfully operating for several years. Every year, over one and a half thousand children take part in various competitions that are held at this training base, not only from Mordovia, but also from other regions of Russia.
It was in this town that the camp of the Navigator 63 team was set up; it was here that students of military-patriotic clubs and members of veteran organizations arrived from Samara. Alexander Fetisov and the Minister of Transport and highways Samara region Ivan Pivkin. It is worth noting that for Ivan Pivkin the forced march had a special meaning. After all, his small homeland, his native village, is located just a few kilometers from Bolshie Berezniki. As the organizers of the run say, Ivan Ivanovich warmly responded to the idea of ​​holding a forced march and helped a lot with transporting the participants.

A few words about what the construction site of the Sur defense line looks like today. Today there is a project for a stele that will be installed in memory of the exploits of home front workers. Now in its place there is a banner with a picture of the project.

The rally took place there. And it was there that the ceremonial laying of flowers took place.

The place where hundreds of thousands of people worked now resembles just a ravine. However, standing on the snow, looking at the endless expanses, you are filled with energy that cannot be expressed in words. You understand that it was here, in the winter of 1941, in 40-degree frost, that women, children and old people worked, performing a feat that we have no right to forget. A lot of words were said about this at the rally, and they talked about it with children at the “Lesson of Courage.”

It must be said that in Mordovia, as in Samara, their history is honored and remembered. As Konstantin Davityan said, even at the entrances to Bolshiye Berezniki, people who noticed the inscription “Sursky Frontier” on snowmobiles approached the team members, talked to them, and everyone they met knew what page of history they were talking about.

In the school hall, where the meeting with the participants and organizers of the forced march took place, teachers, adults, and veterans arrived along with students from different schools in the area. It is especially important that their parents came along with the children. It would seem, what's wrong with that? But Alexander Fetisov says that this is a very important indicator for party members. Here in Samara, adults are not always able to find time; they do not want to, or for some other reason cannot, come to competitions, competitions, games, and events with their children. Here the situation is the opposite. Interest in the event was great and, most importantly, sincere. This is probably why the audience did not have a presidium meeting with dry reports and speeches, but a dialogue. Alexander Borisovich also spoke to the audience. I have been to many of his speeches, but perhaps this was the first time I saw that the chairman of the Samara Duma and the secretary of the regional branch of United Russia held the attention of an unfamiliar audience like that! Much of his words, of course, related to the current situation in the world. Ukraine, Russia, Crimea, our history and attempts to change the past. He made an interesting analogy with today's attempts by individuals to rewrite, distort, distort history and attempts to influence minds during the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic War. In this regard, it was appropriate to talk about the new doctrine of information security of the Russian Federation, in which the term “information war” appeared. As Fetisov emphasized, we are seeing elements of this war today.

After the meeting in the hall, guests were given a tour of the school museum. I noted for myself that almost every student knows the exhibition by heart, and the walls of the museum itself contain the entire history of Bolshie Bereznyaki and its inhabitants from the moment the first stone of this village was laid. The Great Patriotic War, Afghanistan, Chechnya... no one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten - every hero is known here by name, a large archive of historical documents has been collected. A separate exhibition is dedicated to the Sur frontier; authentic documents are presented that I was able to capture.

After the meeting, Samara students of military-patriotic clubs organized several sites for the military sports game “Zarnitsa” for local schoolchildren. Then there was a friendly dinner and our late journey back to Samara.

This was our trip to the Sur defense line. In conclusion, I will say that this march will not be limited to this - the Samara regional branch of United Russia has already begun preparations for the next march, which, as the organizers hope, will take place in the spring and summer and will be timed to coincide with the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The idea of ​​holding it was supported by Dmitry Medvedev and promised to try to personally participate in the events.

Also, incl.

A forgotten front in the rear: fighters of the Sur frontier in Chuvashia
"Invisible Tears of War" The REGNUM IA project about how the Sursky defensive line and the Kazan bypass in Chuvashia were built / The REGNUM IA project, coordinated by Modest Kolerov, “Nothing is forgotten” is dedicated to people and events that left a deep imprint on the history, politics and art of Russia and the world. In our time, we see how they defined the face of modernity, asked questions that require comprehension and answers / May, 2018

REGNUM news agency continues to raise half-forgotten and little-known pages from the history of the Great Patriotic War and tell how the Sursky border and the Kazan bypass were built within the territory of Chuvashia. On topic: | | 100th anniversary of Z. Tyurkina

USSR

During the preparation of materials, it turns out that many in the family had someone involved in large-scale defensive construction. Which is not surprising: “all human and material resources” were mobilized in Chuvashia to carry out the task of the State Defense Committee; “there was not a single collective farm in the republic that did not send its best representatives” to the construction site, which was called nationwide. Based on archival materials collected by a REGNUM correspondent in the State Archive modern history Chuvashia (BU "GASI"), we continue to talk about the labor heroism of the participants in those events.

2. At the construction of the Sur defensive line, 1941

"Mom, you won't see me again"

In Chuvashia, construction of the line began in October 1941. Six military field installations (MFF) were organized on the territory of the republic. Along the Sursky construction line - with centers in Yadrin, Shumerla, Poretsky, Alatyr. There were two UPS in the Kazan direction: in the villages of Oktyabrskoye and Yantikovo. In a report to the head of the propaganda and agitation department of the CPSU (b) Alexandrov, sent from Chuvashia, it is noted that the length of the lines was 380 km, 4,897,000 cubic meters of earth were removed, and 5,329,000 man-days were spent on construction.

3. From a report to the head of the propaganda department. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-1. Op. 23. D. 398

The party archives of the Chuvash regional committee noted that “tens of thousands of workers and food convoys” were sent to work, while “the columns of the most remote areas had to travel a hundred kilometers.” Residents “at least 17 years old and physically healthy” were mobilized. An average of 85 thousand people participated in construction every day, and in some periods it reached 110 thousand people. According to archival data, as of October 1, 1941, there were 1,102,200 residents in Chuvashia, of which 511,608 were aged 17 to 54 years. In general, during the war years, more than 208 thousand residents were mobilized from the territory of Chuvashia, of which 106 thousand died.

“The following people worked at the construction site: collective farmers, individual farmers, workers, office workers, housewives and students of higher and secondary educational institutions“- says, in particular, in the report to the head of the propaganda and agitation department of the Military-Industrial Complex (Bolsheviks) Alexandrov.

“The work was carried out without a single day off during the entire construction period, without interruption even in the most severe frosts, reaching 40 degrees on some days. The remoteness of the border and its weak population made it difficult to accommodate people and complicated the delivery of food and fodder,” says, in particular, the resolution of the bureau of the Chuvash regional party committee on the results of the work on the construction of the Sur defensive line and the Kazan bypass.

According to other evidence, in 1941 the cold reached 50 degrees. This means that it was not only abnormally cold, but also the ground was frozen, turning into blocks of stone and barely thawing even when making fires. Equipment was rare and luxurious at that time, so work was carried out manually everywhere - shovels, picks, sledgehammers, saws, and carts were used. But even these simple tools were chronically in short supply.

For example, in the Cheboksary region in the agricultural cooperative “Seaman” there was one crowbar for 38 people, in the agricultural cooperative named after. Vodopyanov for 45 people - one crowbar, in the Marposadsky district at the work site of the collective farm "Verny Put" for 159 people - seven crowbars, at the work site of the Zarya collective farm for 46 people - three scraps. Therefore, “the rest of the collective farmers are waiting for one person to remove the frozen cover of the earth in order to continue working with shovels,” according to data in the collection of documents “Top Secret” by Chuvashsky state institute humanities (compiled by Evgeniy Kasimov And Dmitry Zakharov).

Construction was complicated by living conditions. People lived in dugouts, barracks, tents, huts; the luckier ones moved into houses in nearby populated areas. During work, there was a constant shortage of rooms where people could be warmed and warm clothes - mittens and shoes wore out especially quickly, so trade in bast and bast shoes was organized.

The food was monotonous, and there were constant interruptions in delivery. As a result, workers were left without food for several days. There were cases of importing rotten food with worms. Some couldn't stand it and deserted.

People froze their limbs, fell into ditches, and there were cases of collapses during excavation. For some, this construction was their last. For example, a letter from a 17-year-old girl from the Kanashsky district has been preserved:

“Mom, send me linen, bread and potatoes. You won't see me again, just as I won't see you. People say that people have died while digging trenches before. Apparently, I won’t have to return home either.”

“Fought for high labor productivity”

The hope of victory and the expectation of peace in our native land helped us to withstand and endure. But people lived not only on hope. Before their eyes, daily feats of labor were accomplished that inspired and motivated others. Among the builders, who were also called fighters, socialist competition with the passing Red Banner unfolded, many took on increased obligations. “Party-political and mass propaganda work” was also organized.

“The regional committee of the CPSU (b) allocated responsible republican and district party and Soviet workers for this work. In total, 420 people worked on construction as political instructors, and 3,200 people worked as agitators. Political instructors and agitators carried out systematic explanatory, mass-political work, being among the workers every day, holding reports, conversations among them, reading newspapers, political information, publishing combat leaflets, showing examples of Stakhanov’s work by personal example, transferring the experience of construction leaders to all brigades and sections. The widespread popularization of Stakhanov's methods of work contributed to the expansion of socialist competition and increased labor productivity. All construction workers were drawn into socialist competition, literally fighting for high labor productivity and for early completion of construction,” says, in particular, the resolution of the bureau of the Chuvash regional party committee.

Important factors that also helped to surrender the defensive lines ahead of schedule were iron discipline and criminal liability for failure to comply with orders. For example, order No. 28, issued by the head of military field facility No. 6 Voskanyan, provides a list of site managers and chief engineers who “made their promises on assets, decisions on these assets” and “instructions on proper organization they don’t do any labor or placement of people.”

“Foremen and foremen of these sections are rarely on the highway, and section heads and chief engineers do not eliminate the criminal slackness among the engineering and technical personnel,” Voskanyan’s order notes.

Therefore, all managers were instructed to “be on the highway from morning until the end of work”; “absences” were allowed only for 1 hour - “for lunch”. And a warning: if they fail to comply, the perpetrators “will be prosecuted, regardless of their identity.”

Such facts were not widespread, unlike examples of labor heroism. In particular, evidence of this is stored in the party archive of the Krasnochetaisky district of Chuvashia (in the GASI fund); characteristics of the front-line workers have been preserved - in total more than 100 documents, including handwritten ones. Those who distinguished themselves received bonuses, vacations, letters of gratitude and other awards.

4. Characteristics of Dimitry Barinov. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-101. Op. 1. D. 434

Characteristics as evidence of heroism

Here are a number of excerpts from the surviving characteristics. Head of one of the military training centers Pavel Gerasimov, whose VUP was recognized as one of the best, received gratitude for “strengthening discipline” and increasing labor productivity: “daily output per soldier-worker 140%.”

5. Characteristics of Pavel Gerasimov. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-101. Op. 1. D. 434

“The main condition for success is Bolshevik discipline, based on constant coverage of the issues of the Patriotic War, on socialist competition, its daily summing up on the basis of individual and link assignments,” the description says, in particular.

6. Characteristics of Dmitry Bozrikov. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-101. Op. 1. D. 434

Foreman of one of the sites Ivan Ogandeykin was nominated as a candidate for the rally of shock workers and Stakhanovites VPS-2, since his brigade met production standards of 170-175%, and he proved himself to be a “good political worker.” In addition, under his leadership, “among the construction workers, 514 rubles were collected for the defense fund and cash and clothing lottery tickets worth 810 rubles were sold.”

7. Characteristics of Ivan Ogandeykin. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-101. Op. 1. D. 434

In the characteristics of a political instructor Gerasim Kudryaev it is noted that he “was constantly among the workers of defense structures and correctly combined political mass work with production work" The fighter-workers of the Atnarsky VUP, where he worked as a commissar, met production standards by 170-200%.

8. Characteristics of Gerasim Kudryaev. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-101. Op. 1. D. 434

Women did not lag behind the men. For example, a collective farmer Elena Yandaikina“put into practice the words of Comrade Stalin in the report of November 6, 1941”:

9. Characteristics of Elena Yandaikina. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-101. Op. 1. D. 434

“Since the start of defensive work, she has not had a single day of absence and has daily fulfilled the daily norm for excavation work of 2.5 km with a norm of 1.8 km, which is 139%; recently she has fulfilled the daily norm by 150-160%.” .

Doctor at one of the sites Maria Munina“During her work on construction, she showed exceptional sensitivity and care for the collective farm workers of the construction.”

10. Characteristics of Maria Munina. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-101. Op. 1. D. 434

“I received workers from 5 a.m. to 11 p.m., regardless of working hours. On her own initiative, she often visited workers on the construction route and provided the necessary medical care at the work site. She has carried out a lot of preventative work. With urgent and energetic measures, she quickly managed to prevent the emerging epidemic incidence of typhus,” the characterization notes, in particular.

11. From the report of the military department of the Yadrinsky Republic of Kazakhstan of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). From the funds of BU "GASI". P-115. Op. 14. D. 47.

The report of the military department of the Yadrinsky Republic of the CPSU (b) reports that in the Yadrinsky district, of those employed in construction, 906 people fulfilled the norm from 100% to 150%, 240 people - from 150% to 200%, 88 people - over 200%. And “in the forefront, as always, were the communists and Komsomol members.”

“In particular, a party member Shmelev Il. Nick. works as a shift supervisor for the fire brigade, despite his old age, he daily exceeded production standards in the construction of military structures.”

12. Characteristics of Grigory Amaroshkin. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-101. Op. 1. D. 434

Awards

Based on the results of construction, the bureau of the regional committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks submitted a petition to the State Defense Committee “On providing government awards to the best participants who showed true examples of labor heroism on defensive lines.” There were more than 50 of them. Another 234 people were awarded a diploma of honor from the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (data from the State Archive of Contemporary History of Chuvashia).

Among those nominated for the award is the foreman of excavators Mikhail Bezborodov, (Alatyrsky district), who worked on construction from the first days until the end of the work. He was considered one of the best foremen and organizers of Stakhanovist labor. Members of “his brigade systematically fulfilled the production quota by 200%.”

“I worked as a digger all the time” Maria Khozikova, which “as a deputy of the village council set a personal example for the workers of her brigade”, “systematically fulfilled the daily norm up to 250%.” Minslu Sharafutdinova worked as a team leader in a team of navvies, “involved all members in socialist competition and achieved mastery of the Stakhanovist method of work”: all “9 people on her team fulfilled the production norm up to 480%.” Head of the VPS section No. 2 Matvey Kuzmin(Krasnochetaisky district), “having correctly calculated the workforce, and also achieved high labor productivity, he completed the construction of his site 7 days ahead of schedule with a rating of “good.”

The awards ceremonies themselves were more than just a celebration.

“The presentation of certificates of honor must be organized in such a way that it mobilizes the collective farm masses to better carry out agricultural work, for which it is important to prepare the recipients themselves for speeches when receiving certificates of honor, as well as to organize speeches by collective farm leaders and Soviet party workers. All speeches must be briefly recorded in the minutes. Send us the protocol of delivery,” the acting officer said in a message. Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic A. Izmailova, sent to the secretary of the Krasnochetaysky district committee of the CPSU (b) M. Kuzmina.

13. Order. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-101. Op. 1. D. 434

The award protocol, which is also stored in the State Civil Aviation Inspectorate, contains excerpts from the speeches of the awardees. Certificates of honor were presented on May 4, 1942 “at a meeting of party, Soviet and collective farm activists” of the Krasnochetaisky district with the participation of more than 240 people.

“During the days of the Patriotic War, our valiant soldiers of the Red Army and all Soviet peoples are fighting the brutal German occupiers until complete defeat. Our workers, employees, men and women work tirelessly in our factories. And they give the front more and more tanks, planes, cannons, machine guns, mortars, rifles and ammunition.

14. Protocol for presenting certificates of honor. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-101. Op. 1. D. 434.

Our collective farmers, men and women, work tirelessly in the fields and give the front more and more bread, meat and raw materials for industry. We are faced with the task of successfully completing the spring sowing and obtaining a high harvest in 1942,” for example, a fragment of the speech is given Ivana Zorkova.

Letter from Beria

In a telegram sent from Chuvashia to the NKVD Lavrentiy Beria , it is said that “during the construction of the line, the local population of Chuvashia showed examples of excellent work. Many collective farm brigades showed high work enthusiasm, systematically fulfilling the norms by 2-3 times”:

15. Telegram for Beria. From the funds of BU "GASI". P-1. Op. 23. D. 398

“The engineering and technical personnel were forged at work. Many engineering and technical workers have proven themselves to be organizers and leaders of production. Having completed the work, the local population and the engineering and technical staff of the 12th Army Directorate are ready with the same energy to carry out any new task of the Party and the Government.”

I remember when I was very little and walked under the table, my great-grandmother told us (me), with my cousin, how her husband (my great-grandfather) was sent to war in August 1941 (where he died in 1943 on the Belorussian Front) , and a few months later, she, along with her three daughters, were sent to Saransk, and from there to the construction of the Sursky border. They were mobilized so quickly that they didn’t even have time to take warm clothes with them, and their “city” shoes very quickly became unusable and local residents wove bast shoes for them and cut footcloths from old clothes. The great-grandmother dug the frozen ground, and her daughters carried out the soil.

Of course, at a young age I did not betray special significance her stories and they most likely would have sunk into oblivion if I had not met the guys from the Navigator 63 team.

These guys have been making forced marches on snowmobiles and ATVs, off-road to the places of military glory of our ancestors, for quite a long time. And as soon as I found out about their plans to visit the Sursky Frontier, I immediately asked to sign me up for the team.

But first things first.

October 15, 1941.
It was the fifth month of the Great Patriotic War, and due to the critical situation at the front, the State Defense Committee, headed by Stalin, decided to move the capital of the USSR to Kuibyshev.

The State Defense Committee makes a decision on the construction of defensive and strategic lines in the deep rear, on the Volga. Taking into account the transfer of the main strategic objects from Moscow to Kuibyshev, the main plans for rear defensive construction set the task of (strengthening the defenses of) Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod), Kazan, Ulyanovsk and, accordingly, Kuibyshev. In accordance with this plan, 10,000 km of defensive structures, 70,000 bunkers and 27,000 dugouts were to be built. Simultaneously with the implementation of the defensive plan, the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command planned the creation of 10 reserve armies. In cases of failure for Soviet army developments, they were supposed to delay the enemy on the approaches to the “new capital”.

On the same day, the Council of People's Commissars of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Bureau of the Chuvash Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks signed a decree “Mobilize from October 28, 1941 to carry out work on the construction of the Sur defensive line. The population at least 17 years old is subject to mobilization.”

Now only a barely noticeable ravine remains from the “Sur Frontier”.


Many participants in this labor feat are no longer alive, but I was able to communicate with one direct participant in these events.


“The ground was frozen, hard as stone, from the beginning we lit fires to warm the top layer at least a little, but it didn’t help much. It was very cold, frosts reached -40, but everyone worked. The fear that the storm was about to strike forced me to give my all.”

The government allocated a very short period of time for the construction of fortification lines, so enormous material and human resources were involved.
About 85 thousand people were involved in the work every day, sometimes this number reached 110 thousand. They worked mainly by hand; there were not enough mechanized tools and equipment. Work, according to the laws of war, went on seven days a week, and was not interrupted even in the most severe frosts, when the temperature dropped to -40-42 degrees. There was not enough housing, suitable premises where people could be warmed. Some of the workers had to live in tents or huts, hastily assembled from pine branches, straw, and brushwood (heated dugouts were built later). Despite all the hardships and difficulties, people tried their best and understood their responsibility to the Motherland. Tasks were always exceeded, discipline was exemplary. But the general desire was one thing - to deliver the object ahead of schedule.

A telegram was sent to the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Lavrentiy Beria, signed by the head of the 12th Army Directorate Leonyuk, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Somov, the secretary of the regional committee Charykov: “The task of the State Defense Committee for the construction of the Sursky defensive line has been completed. The volume of excavated soil is 3 million. cubic meters, 1,600 firing points (bunkers and platforms), 1,500 dugouts and 80 km of trenches with communication passages were rebuilt.”

More than 70 years have passed since the construction of the border began. And so the Samara team “Navigator 63” went on snowmobiles to the construction site of the Sursky defensive line (for a second, that’s 2 days on the road and 526 km off-road). This forced march became a tribute to the memory of its builders, as well as to all those who, during the harsh years of the war, forged Victory in the rear, devoting all their strength to serving the Motherland. And on February 19, upon arrival, the first stone of the monument to this labor feat was laid.


Alzo, they will also deliver it in a fairly short time, already on May 9, 2015. I will definitely try to get there, but that will be a completely different story.

And finally, photos of the race participants and the hosts.

State budgetary professional

educational institution Republic of Mordovia

"Saransk Construction College"

III All-Russian competition dedicated to the 72nd anniversary

Victories in the Great Patriotic War

SURSKY RUBEZH

Search and research work

specialty "Construction of buildings and structures"

Head: Morozova T.S. teacher at Saransk Construction College

2017

Content

Introduction.

My work is devoted to the study of the defense line, called the Sursky linewhich was carried out in the winter of 1941-1942 and became the largest campaign to mobilize the population for labor service in Mordovia.

This material is of informational value for students, teachers and all residents of the Republic of Mordovia who are interested in the labor exploits of our fellow countrymen during the Great Patriotic War. This work collects and describes various information about how the Sursky border was built, what hardships and hardships befell the builders, provides archival documents relating to the construction period, and evaluates the feat of the Mordovian people in the construction of the defensive structure.

Relevance (significance) of this topic.

Formation of a deep, holistic understanding of the spiritual foundations of the heroism of front and rear workers, who played an invaluable role in the liberation of the country and peoples of Europe from fascist invaders;

Activating feelings of patriotism and pride for the self-sacrifice and heroism of the Soviet people;

Replenishment of documentary evidence of the feat of military engineers and builders, search and identification of unknown, undeservedly left without attention and grateful memory

Research problem - how home front workers were able to create a line of defense on the territory of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic under inhuman conditions.

Object of study – builders of the Sursky defensive line

Subject of study – the conditions under which the construction of the defensive line was carried out

Purpose of the study – updating the role and significance of the feat of military builders, who, in difficult military conditions, erected and built important facilities at the front and in the rear, which brought victory closer in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945

Research objectives:

1. Study the literature on this topic.

2. Find and describe the memories of witnesses to the construction

3. To replenish documentary evidence of the feat of builders at the Sursky frontier, search and identify unknown people, undeservedly left without attention and grateful memory

Hypothesis – if we remember the hardships of the war, how much grief it brought, then we will cherish the peace and preserve it.

Research methods:

1. Study of specialized literature.

2. Generalization and systematization of material on this topic.

Introduction

72 years ago, the last salvos of the Great Patriotic War sounded: the most fierce, bloody and destructive in the entire history of mankind. Time runs inexorably forward. These days are going further into history, there are fewer and fewer living witnesses left, and the more valuable and dearer for us is the remaining information from that time: letters, documents that open up more and more new, hitherto unknown, pages. Unfortunately, only some of the documents from that time have been studied. Researchers and historians have something to work on. The state archive of the Republic of Mordovia contains documents that are of keen interest. Among them -construction of defensive structures, which was carried out in the winter of 1941-1942.

Today it is necessary to look back again, remember the military and labor feats of the war years, and give a proper assessment of the labor feat of the Mordovian people. We decided to conduct research to paint a picture of the events of those years.

Construction background

It was October 1941. The enemy was rapidly advancing towards Moscow - the heart of our capital. Nobody knew what would happen tomorrow. Moscow was preparing for defense. On October 8, at 2:30 a.m., Zhukov reported to Stalin about the threat looming over the capital, and that almost all roads to Moscow were open. That same night, in an alarming and dangerous situation that did not exclude the possibility of the fall of the capital, the State Defense Committee discussed and adopted a preliminary plan for the construction of defensive and strategic lines in the deep rear on the Oka and Don. Volga. The experience of defending Leningrad and Odessa convincingly proved the need to create strategic bridgeheads based on large cities in the most important directions.

Therefore, the main and additional plans for rear defensive construction set the task of strengthening Gorky, Kazan, Kuibyshev, Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Stalingrad and other cities. According to the main and additional plans for defensive construction, 10 thousand km had to be built. defensive lines, 70 thousand bunkers, 27 thousand dugouts. Subsequently, due to changes in the strategic situation, the State Defense Committee, by decision of December 27, 1941, made changes to the plan. The construction of anti-tank obstacles decreased by 4 thousand km, fire installations by 32 thousand, dugouts by 5 thousand. Simultaneously with the implementation of the defensive work plan, the Supreme High Command Headquarters outlined a plan for the creation of ten reserve armies. If the development of defensive operations was unsuccessful for the Soviet troops, they were supposed to delay the enemy at new lines.

By the fall of 1941, the German aggressors advanced towards Moscow, south of the capital they wedged into Ryazan region. In case of a worst-case scenario, in October topographic surveys were carried out on the territory of the MASSR for the construction of a defensive line along the river. Sure.

Rear defensive line No. 30. intended to detain Hitler's troops atapproaches to major cities Volga region, including the “second”, or as they also said, spare,the capital of the country, Kuibyshev (now Samara), is a defensive line of special fortifications,erected on the right bank of the river. The Sura, more than 380 km long, passed through the Ulyanovsk, Penza, Kuibyshev regions and more than 80 km through the territory of Mordovia.

The construction of this milestone was due to the following reasons:

1. In view of the fact that by September 1941, German formations carried out rapid movement across the territory of the European part of the USSR, it was necessary to stop it on the approaches to the Volga.

2. If Moscow is captured, prevent the Germans from advancing to the Ural industrial region.

On the night of October 5, 1941, this plan was accepted and the decision was made to build fortified defensive structures in the rear.

Start of construction

Work on the construction of the Sur defensive line began on October 7, 1941. The Council of People's Commissars of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic received a letter signed by the commander of the 47th Military Topographical Detachment, Major Mikhailov, in which he asked for assistance in conducting topographical research, which, on an urgent assignment General Staff The Red Army was scheduled to execute it from October 10 to December 1. The corresponding circular was sent to 12 eastern regions of the republic. While the topographers were carrying out their task, the decision-making bodies were working on options for the upcoming work, their volume, forms and methods of implementation. If you look at the map of Mordovia, then in its southwestern part you can see that a significant part of the border with its neighbors runs along the Sura River. This natural line was taken as the basis of the defensive line. Extreme points - the place where the Barysh River flows into the Sura and the area railway Ruzaevka - Inza. Soon military engineering units appeared in Mordovia. It is unlikely that anyone curious at that time would have noticed this. At that time, there were enough military units located on the territory of the republic. On November 23, 1941, the Council of People's Commissars and the bureau of the regional committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic adopted a joint resolution on the construction of special fortifications passing through the territory of the republic and the neighboring region. It clearly, strictly, almost military-style describes who does what and when. So, the total length of the fortification lines is 80 kilometers. The volume of upcoming work: excavation - 4 million cubic meters, logging and timber removal - 120 thousand cubic meters. 2.5 million man-days had to be spent.The construction of defensive lines could not be carried out by military forces alone - sapper and engineering units, so the Council of People's Commissars decided to involve the collective farm peasantry to carry out the assigned tasks. On November 3, 1941, the Council of People's Commissars of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic received a telegram with an order to recruit peasants for defensive work as a labor service. The boards of collective farms in Mordovia were allowed to allocate from “public” funds the necessary amount of food for the entire period of collective farmers’ stay on defensive work.” The telegram was sent to all regions of the republic. Party and Soviet workers on the ground began to find food resources, the necessary tools, and keep records of the working population. For every 10 people it was planned to issue 8 iron shovels, 3 crowbars, 3 axes, 2 cleavers, one cross-cut saw. For every 200 people - one rip saw, one set of carpentry tools, etc. The resolution included a clause on the immediate consideration of cases of violation of the law on labor and horse-drawn service.

Here is the resolution of the district committee and the bureau of the Bolsheignatovsky district committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, number No. 220

№ 220

DECISION OF THE DISTRICT COMMITTEE AND BUREAU OF THE BOLSHEIGNATOVSKY DISTRICT COMMITTEE OF THE CPSU(B) ON PARTICIPATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPECIAL FORTENIFICATIONS LONGING THROUGH THE TERRITORY OF THE MORDOVIA ASSR

In accordance with the resolutions of the State Defense Committee of the USSR, the Council of People's Commissars of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the bureau of the regional committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the executive committee of the district council and the bureau of the district committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks decide:

1. Adopt a plan for attracting labor and transport to the construction of fortifications.

2. To carry out the installation plan for the construction of special fortifications, mobilize for at least 30 days, in the order of paid labor, the population (able-bodied men and women) and transport in quantity and on collective farms in accordance with Appendix No. 1.

3. Approve the following comrades (14 people) as leaders of the detachments.

1. Kumaneva A. O. 8. Kozel V. M.

2. Baytyakova S.I. 9. Kozlova A.S.

3. Komarova G. P. 10. Mansurova V. A.

4. Chuvilina G. 11. Tsaplenkova

5. Antipova R. 12. Tslnova F. I.

6. Gorokhova 13. Kalmykova

7. Shchennikova 14. Abramova

4. Oblige the chairmen of village executive committees, collective farms and secretaries of primary party organizations to unquestioningly ensure the attendance of mobilized workers and transport at the assembly point on November 27 by 8 a.m.

Those mobilized must have:

a) warm clothes, underwear, a mug, a spoon, a bowl, a supply of food for 10 days at the expense of district funds for workers and employees and at the expense of public collective farm funds for collective farmers. For the remaining periods of work, the required amount of food will be handed over on site through the district People's Commissariat of the People's Commissariat to procurement bodies (zagotzerno and procured cattle), which issue a receipt for the right to receive the same products from procurement organizations of the areas adjacent to the construction route;

b) for the organization of public catering, food boilers, buckets, teapots and other utensils should be allocated from the collective farm;

c) for every 10 people - 8 iron shovels, 3 crowbars, 3 axes, 2 splitting axes, one cross-cut saw. For every 200 people - one rip saw, one set of carpenter's tools and one set of carpentry tools, etc.;

d) providing the horse population with grain fodder and other roughage is carried out in the same manner as providing food for people, with the establishment of daily control over the feeding of horses.

5. Provide comrade for servicing those working on construction. Okorova (nursing staff), construction technician comrade. Zhurim, land surveyor comrade. Kochereshkin, road worker Comrade. Grobov, etc.

7. Instruct the district prosecutor comrade. Safronov, head of the district police department comrade. Makarov and People's Judge Comrade. Guryanov should immediately consider cases of violations of the labor law.

The bureau of the district committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the executive committee of the district council oblige the secretaries of primary Party organizations and the chairmen of village executive committees to launch mass explanatory work among the population on the successful completion of the task - the construction of defensive lines.

Secretary of the district committee BKIK6) Konstantinov

And here is Order No. 226

ROUTE OF SPECIAL FORTIFICES MOBILIZED FOR CONSTRUCTION FROM SARANSKY DISTRICT

All those mobilized for the construction of special fortifications from the Saransk region leave on November 27, 1941 at 5 o’clock in the morning and follow the route:

Ekaterinivka-Ghart-Sudosevo-Berezniki-Russian Naimany-Shugurovo-Parakino-Engalychevo.

Klyucharyovsky - 75, Bersenevsky - 1 25, Posopsky - 50 people.

Total - 250 people. The first night they spend the night in Garth, the second - in Russian Naiman.

Zykovo - 100 people. Monasteries - 50, Nikolaevka - 100. Total - 250, spend the night in Dyagilsvka, in Russian Naymany.

Lukhovka - 200, Kulikovka - 80, Griboyedovo - 280, Bulgakovo - 145, Durasovo - 35. Total - 740, spend the night in Sudosevs, in Shugurovo. Atsmar - 360, Protasovo - 185, Bslogorsk - 90, Pavlovka - 140. Total - 775, spend the night in Berezniki, in Parakins.

On the third night everyone spends the night in Engalychevo.

This route should be passed on to all detachment commanders and political instructors.

Bezrukov

The task of the party bodies was to provide mobilization peasants with political workers and agitators. According to the plan, 67 thousand people, 50 tractors (including 20 tracked ones), and 4,700 horses were going to be involved in the construction. To serve all labor army workers, the following were allocated: 22 doctors, 63 junior medical staff, 22 construction technicians, 44 road workers. Even the merest little things were not forgotten. For every ten people - 8 iron shovels, 3 crowbars, 3 axes, 2 cleavers, one cross-cut saw and other equipment (including chisels and planes). The district committees of the party allocated political instructors from their composition for the entire period of work at the rate of one political instructor per 300 mobilized people. Responsible employees of the Council of People's Commissars of Mordovia were appointed deputy heads of field construction and sapper brigades. Most of the second secretaries of district committees and employees of district executive committees were approved as deputy battalion commanders, responsible for the mobilization of the population and transport, for accommodation, catering, and educational work and for completing activities on time. Soyuzpechat should have allocated 7 thousand copies of the newspaper “Red Mordovia”, 2 thousand copies of “Mokshen Pravdy” and 3 thousand copies of “Erzyan Pravda” for special construction. Separately, a clause was written down regarding the immediate consideration of cases of violators of the labor service law. The deadlines for completion were set to the strictest. The line of fortifications consisted of an anti-tank ditch, scarps, cut-off ditches, open trenches, rifle squads, tank trenches machine guns and cannons, forest rubble. The system of field fortifications included dugouts, dugouts, and command posts.

From the memories of construction participants

From the memoirs of the first dean of the Faculty of Law Mordovian University them. N.P. Ogareva Guseva Alexandra Ivanovna:

At the beginning of November, all young girls and childless women in the village of Remezenki received summonses to the labor front. They said that on the 10th we needed to appear at the village school. Take warm clothes and food with you for 3-4 days. Most were able to take only boiled potatoes and bread from home. Young people at that time no longer wore bast shoes. But we were warned that we should wear them to work together with woolen stockings and canvas onesies. We went out towards Chamzinka. Young girls from other villages joined us along the way from neighboring villages. People were streaming in. We were led by the military. We didn't know where they were taking us. While we were walking to our place of work, we stopped at night in villages. We were assigned to spend the night with local residents, several people per hut. They slept on straw scattered on the floor without undressing. A few days later we reached Novosursk. I remember that at that time it was a small village with a street going down to the Sura River. We were sent home. I was placed with relatives and neighbors in my native village. 8-10 people lived in one house. We slept on the floor. Only if someone got sick did the hostess allow them to sit on the stove. Our job was to make the gentle bank of the Sura an impregnable wall. So that tanks cannot get through it. That year there were terrible frosts. The temperature dropped to 45 degrees below zero. If you stood in your bast shoes on the ground for a few seconds, they began to freeze. The ground was also frozen. In order for it to thaw, we lit fires and only then hammered it with crowbars and shovels. Then the soil was pulled out on a stretcher and taken away. The banks were cut to make them vertical. Trenches were dug in certain places. Our group from the Romodanovsky district was responsible for their specific section of the coast. The local collective farm fed us. Large loaves of bread were brought on sleighs, as well as millet and flour, from which we made stew. It was impossible to bring potatoes, as they froze on the way. The working conditions were really difficult. Front rations: flour and bread - 1 kg, cereals - 0.150 kg, meat - 0.100 kg (in theory, of course). To get from their temporary camp site to work and back, some Labor Army soldiers had to walk 15-20 kilometers. Working norm for men - 2 cubic meters per day, for women, of whom there was an overwhelming majority, - 1.75 cubic meters. And this despite the fact that it was forty-degree frosts outside. The first months showed that it was unlikely that the work could be completed within the allotted month. From cold, hunger and emerging diseases, people fled back to their villages. As of December 10, 199 people came to the Romodanovsky district alone, 93 of whom were returned back. Among those who fled were10 deserters were arrested. 4 (all women) - convicted. There were other problems as well. In addition to the fact that some districts did not “supply” the required amount of manpower (Ruzaevsky district, for example, sent only 2,170 instead of 4 thousand people), among those already mobilized were teenagers, pregnant women, disabled old women, and terminally ill people. Added to all this was the eternal organizational confusion. Some did not have the tools to dig trenches, others worked without technical documentation, and others did not have time to deliver food. The regional party committee barely had time to patch up the holes, but still, as of December 16, only 13 percent of the earthwork was completed. The onset of the new year 1942 was modestly celebrated along the entire Sur line, which received the official name - “Rear defensive line No. 30.” The defeat of the Germans near Moscow clarified a lot. But there was no confidence in an easy victory. Objects at the frontier were received by representatives of the commandant’s office, and those volumes of work that the Labor Army soldiers did not have time to complete were transferred for execution to the People’s Commissariat of Public Utilities of the MASSR, along with documentation, estimates, and funds. On January 15, 1942, the builders reported the completion of the first stage of work. “Everyone seemed to have forgotten about us,” continues Alexandra Ivanovna. “They stopped feeding me and didn’t force me to work.” No matter who you ask, no one can say whether our help is still needed. We sat, thought, and went home. More precisely, they didn’t go, but ran. If the journey to work took three days, then we got back twice as fast. Still, I really wanted to go home. Only once did we stop in the Tatar village of Lomaty. I remembered that they gave us tea there and managed to get us all into beds the first time we left home. When we finally got to our home village, we rested for a whole week. Our legs hurt so much after the long trek that we couldn’t even walk. We’ve just rested and gotten used to being at home when the summons arrives again. They collected three carts from our collective farm - 12 girls (I was appointed as a foreman) and sent them to the village of Sabaevo, Kochkurovsky district. They were placed at the end of the village, closer to the work site. Trenches were dug along Sura, and our task this time was to camouflage them. They cut turf along the river with hatchets, covered these trenches, then laid straw on top and covered it with snow. After such camouflage, even we ourselves could not show exactly where these traps, made according to the “wolf pit” principle, were located. Many years later I went to visit my nephew in Sabaevo in Kid `s camp and noticed that the ditches that we hid under the snow were still there. In early April, before the spill, we were released. There was no more snow, the exhausted horses could not pull the carts, they had to harness themselves. We returned home and immediately fell ill - furunculosis, malaria, rheumatism. We were treated until the summer. Many workers and collective farmers who built defensive structures received well-deserved awards - certificates of honor and cash bonuses. The leaders of the work were awarded orders and medals. The Sixth Engineer Army, replenished on the banks of the Sura by residents of Mordovia, Chuvashia and the Penza region, went to the front, which by that time was already near Tula. They had to go there on foot. The erected line never became the site of heated battles.”

. As I.I. recalls Erofeev, former editor of a regional newspaper: “At the beginning of November the ground was frozen. In December the thermometer dropped to -40 degrees. The birds froze in flight. During this harsh winter, all the gardens froze.”

“I was 16 years old,” Olga Dmitrievna Koknaeva writes in her memoirs. I was sent along with other leaders to build defensive structures along the Sura. We dug trenches, and excavation work was never easy. They were dressed in whatever they could, just to protect themselves from the severe frost. In order not to freeze the face, they lubricated it with goose or pork fat, and during work the dust settled on the oily skin. Suddenly peering at each other, we immediately noticed frostbitten places and rubbed them with snow. Subsequently, brown spots remained in places. During breaks, we warmed ourselves by the fires, baked potatoes, and drank tea. Twice a week they brought us bread and meat from the collective farm, from home. Anna Ivanovna Chatkina, a resident of the village of Dubenki, who had just received a funeral from her husband, with whom she lived for only 2 months, was also included in the list of Dubensky builders of the Sursky defensive line. And no one knew what was growing under the young woman’s heart. unborn child. Apparently it was destined for me to be alone all my life, my little blood died, and I remained a widow.”

“Mom, send me linen, bread and potatoes. You won't see me again, just as I won't see you. People say that people have died while digging trenches before. Apparently I won’t have to return home,” 17-year-old Yurtashkina Agrafena, a resident of the village of Povodimovo, wrote to a relative in November 1941. Apparently her heart sensed that something terrible would happen to her. She simply did not exaggerate her difficult situation, because every day she had to manually remove up to 2 - 3 m 3 frozen ground. Often the steep bank of the Sura collapsed, burying working girls and women under tons of earth. No one could explain under what circumstances and where 2 girls from the village of Povodimovo disappeared; one of them is the author of the letter, Yurtashkina Agrafena, and the other is Kokashkina Olga. Only one thing is clear: they are no longer alive; if they had run away from work, they would have made themselves known years later, when all the war passions and obligations had subsided.

from their development." The history of the Sur frontier was marked.

Winter 1941-1942 was harsh, food and life were poorly organized. All this caused cases of desertion. As of December 10, 199 people left their places of work in the Romodanovsky district alone, and there were cases of mass desertion - 400-500 people each. Deserters were caught and prosecuted. Here is an example from resolution No. 254

DECISION OF THE BUREAU OF THE LYAMBIRSKY DISTRICT COMMITTEE OF THE CPSU(B.)

ON VIOLATION OF THE DECISION OF THE STATE COMMITTEE

DEFENSE OF THE USSR BY CANDIDATE FOR MEMBER OF THE CPSU(B) BELOV I.G.

Bureau of the Republic of Kazakhstan VK.GK6) notes that candidate member of the CPSU (b) comrade. Belov refused to go to the construction of special fortifications, thereby violating the resolution of the USSR State Defense Committee. In addition, Comrade Belov also did not allow his wife to go on special work.

The Bureau of the Republic of Kazakhstan All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks decides;

1. For violation of the resolution of the State Defense Committee of the USSR on the construction of special fortifications, Ivan Grigorievich Belov should be excluded from candidates for membership of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Oblige the district prosecutor comrade. Yukov to bring him to criminal responsibility.

Secretary of the Republic of Kazakhstan All-Union Communist Party (b) Matyushkin

Or here is resolution No. 272

DECISION OF THE BUREAU OF THE DUBENSKY DISTRICT COMMITTEE OF THE CPSU(B) ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECISION OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE AND THE BUREAU

REGIONAL PARTY COMMITTEE ON THE MOBILIZATION OF COLLECTIVE FARMERS FOR SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION IN THE NALITOV VILLAGE SOVIET

Bureau of the Republic of Kazakhstan VKGKb) notes that the chairman of the executive committee of the Nalitovsky village council, comrade. Garkin reacted irresponsibly to the mobilization of collective farmers for special construction. The list of mobilized included teenagers under 16 years of age and the elderly. After which the village council was forced to release 53 such persons. There are facts when Garkip illegally released able-bodied people from working on special construction projects. All this led to the fact that among the mobilized population of the village. Nalitov's labor discipline has been shaken. 50 or more people do not show up for work every day; 33 people have not gone to work at all since the start of construction. However, persistent violators of the labor service law have not been brought to justice.

The Bureau of the District Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks decides:

1. For an irresponsible attitude towards the mobilization of the working population for special construction, the chairman of the executive committee of the Nalitovsky village council, comrade. Garkina P.V. to warn and is obliged to immediately take comprehensive measures to strengthen labor discipline among working citizens of the village. Nalitovo at the special construction site, file material against persistent truants and transfer it to the district prosecutor to bring them to criminal responsibility.

2. Oblige comrade. Garkin and all secretaries of primary party organizations to establish strict control over the uninterrupted supply of food to collective farmers working on special construction.

3. Oblige comrade. Surina should not hesitate to file materials against malicious violators of the law on labor conscription and immediately bring them to trial.

Secretary of the Republic of Kazakhstan All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Korolev

“Starting from the first days of December with special construction, under the pretext of lack of food, people began to desert and as of December 10, 1941, 199 came to the area, of which 93 people were returned, 10 people were arrested from among those who fled, 4 of them were convicted.” This foursome consisted entirely of women. Agareeva and Bikureva, residents of the village of Vyrypaevo, were sentenced to ten and eight years, Zhurkina and Pantyukhina, natives of the village of Pyatino, were given two years each.

One of the participants in the construction, Anna Sergeevna Makushkina (born in 1922), lives in the village of Permisi. A 93-year-old pensioner told us her story of participation in the construction of fortifications of the Sursky border:

“I was sent along with my fellow villagers to dig trenches. They sent us to work before dark. They walked to the mountain (Surskaya - A.D.), carrying bread from leaves and quinoa, and some who had a cow, milk. They traveled to the place of work together, without dividing into groups. Upon arrival, the foremen assigned us to certain areas. Our foreman divided the quota in different ways: those who were stronger received more, those who were weaker received less. There were two Permian detachments in total. Rodina Serafim Nikolaevich was appointed our commander. There were few men, so only women with small children, pregnant women and the sick were not hired. The ground was rocky and frozen to a great depth, but despite this, we were forced to dig trenches and man-sized dugouts with a ceiling made of logs, moreover, camouflaging them with turf: Everyone was wearing bast shoes, and the frosts reached 40 degrees. To keep warm, they lit fires and warmed their shoes. It was bad for the one who gaped and burned the bast on his bast shoes. It’s not close to evening, but we need to work out the norm. In the evening they returned home having eaten only a cake made from leaves; They did not take the instrument with them. It was dark when we set out on the way back; there was often a snowstorm, so in order not to get lost, we walked in single file. Arriving home, exhausted, wet, hungry, the first thing they did was dry their bast shoes in the stove. Residents were settled in our village western regions, they had their own commander and their own detachment, and they carried out the task in their area. Each house housed three or four people expelled from the western regions. They were brought food from their native villages once a week.

I didn’t see any military personnel at the construction site, but the bosses came to check on us. We worked tirelessly, but, despite official promises from the authorities, we were not paid any money. But taxes were collected for everything: meat, butter, other natural products, warm clothes for the front, money. So having quinoa bread was still very good for us. We had the hope that if we quickly did everything on our site, then they would give us rest, so we worked until exhaustion. However, we were transferred to help the detachment in the area of ​​​​the village of Nikolaevka. All work was completed in February"

At the same time, progressive workers gradually appeared and competition arose. The production rate for men was 2 m3 per day, for women - 1.5 m3. Collective farmer of the Progress collective farm in the Bolsheignatovsky district M. Zhukova made more than 6 norms on January 1, 1942. And this is with frozen ground and poor nutrition! Work began on December 1, 1941, and by January 15, 1942, the first stage was completed. The mobilized worked out over 1 million m3 of land, built a large number of anti-tank and fire installations. After the defeat of the Germans near Moscow and the removal of the front, further work was curtailed, but the labor feat accomplished by the population of Mordovia during the construction of defensive lines became one of the most striking during the war years.

On January 21, 1942, a telegram was sent to the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs L.P. Beria, signed by the head of the 12th Army Directorate Leonyuk, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Somov, the secretary of the regional committee Charykov: “GKO task for the construction

The Sursky defense line was completed. The volume of excavated earth is 3 million cubic meters, 1,600 firing points (bunkers and platforms), 1,500 dugouts and 80 km of trenches with communication passages have been built.”

A forgotten page of the Great Patriotic War

NeitherYou won’t find any mention of the construction of the Sur defensive line in one history textbook. It is clear that against the background of large-scale military events and historical battles, this fact of rear work is just a small episode. However, this page of the recent past is well known to the older generation of the western regions of the Republic of Mordovia. My fellow Berezniki residents. For many of them, the Sur line became not just a defensive line, but a line of their own life.

In 2002, a small memorial sign appeared on the banks of the Sura in honor of the builders of the Sura border. The shovel, pickaxe and crowbar became a symbol of the labor feat of many, many people whose hands wereequippedkilometers impregnable for the enemy. In the year of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory in Mordovia onAt the government level, it was decided to perpetuate the memory of the builders of the Sur Frontier in a full-fledged memorial complex. The place for the memorial composition was chosen on the right bank of the Sura near the educational experimental campus of the Ministry of Emergency Situations “Safety School”.

And with direct participationthe head of this training center, major general and deputy of the State Assembly of the Republic of Moldova V.10. Kormnlitsyna,Aalso another member of United Russia, Bereznikovite - deputy of the Mordovian parliament Viktor Kipaevthere20 On February 2015, a solemn event was held dedicated to perpetuating the memory of the builders of the Sursky Frontier complex, in which a large and representative delegation from the Samara region took part.

February 18, 2015, but on the initiative of SamarskyAndMordovian regional branches of the United Russia party And veteran organizations from Samara started an expeditionTo memorial place where it was built Sursky frontier And within the framework of this meeting in the Bolshebereznikovsky district on the Sursky border was again “read” another page of our history Great War and the Great Victory.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I will give a list of areas and work performed by the population of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on the construction of the Sursky defensive line

Kochkurovo - mobilized 3,600 people, 200 horses. Ensured the presence of mobilized workers and transport at the construction site of the 19th sapper brigade.

Dubyonki - provided people who arrived to work with apartments and premises for horses.

Kadoshkino - delivered bread, meat, grain-fodder and roughage to local procurement centers for distribution to those mobilized through procurement organizations located close to the site of construction of special fortifications.

Krasnoslobodsk - mobilized 60 communists and 70 Komsomol members from the regional party organization to carry out special tasks.

Romodanovo - in order to provide working people with food and horses with fodder, the following daily norms were sent for special construction (based on 30 days for 4 thousand people and 255 horses): flour and bread - 1 kg, cereal - 0.150 kg, meat - 0.100 kg, hay -10 kg, straw -10 kg, oats and other concentrates - 4 kg.

For each area, travel routes, arrival times and lodging locations were determined.

Ardatovsky, Kozlovsky, Atyashezsky, Dubensky, Bolshebereznikovsky, Chamzinsky, Kochkurovsky were supposed to be on site on November 27.

Bolsheignatovsky, Ichalkovsky, Ladsky, Romodanovsky, Lyambirsky, Saransky, Ruzaevsky -November 29.

Meltsansky, Staroshaigovsky, Kadoshkinsky, Insar-sky, Rybkinsky, Starosindrovsky, Krasnoslobodsky, Elnikovsky -November 30.

The workforce was distributed as follows. In field construction site 104, the following battalions were located (each district is a battalion, with an assigned number): Ardatovsky -71, Kozlovsky -72, Atyashevsky -73, Dubensky -74, Bolshe-ignatovsky -75, Ichalkovsky - 76, Ladsky - 77, Meltsan -sky-78. Total 25150 people.

At site 54 of field construction the following workers worked: Saransky-61, Chamzinsky -62, Dubensky -63, Romodanovsky -64. Staroshaigovsky -65, Rybkinsky -66, Lyambirsky -67, Bolshebereznikovsky -69. A total of 26,550 people.

On site 19 of the sapper brigade, construction was carried out by battalions (without numbers) from Kadoshkinsky, Kochkurovsky, Ruzaevsky, Insarsky, Bolshebereznikovsky districts. A total of 15,300 people.

Bibliography

Memoirs of A.I. Guseva were recorded in the city of Saransk in July 2004

Memoirs of V.A. Menyakina were recorded in the village of Permisi, Bolshebereznikovsky district of the Republic of Moldova in August 2004.

Newspaper "Red Mordovia"

Dissertations in the humanities -

Mordovia in 1941-1945: Collection of documents. Saransk, 1995. P. 138

« Memory": an electronic collection of memories

Documentation Center modern history Republic of Mordovia (hereinafter: CDNI RM). F. 269. Op. 3. D. 244. L. 188-189

CDNI RM.Fond 1236. Op.2.D.7.L.66

Ibid.L.67

TsGA RM, f.235, op.1, d.228, l. 280. Copy.

. vsar. ru/2 010/04/s yrskiy-rybei