Southern federal district formed in accordance with the Decree of the President Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000 No. 849.
The Southern Federal District includes 13 subjects of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Adygea (Adygea), the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the Chechen Republic, the Krasnodar Territory, the Stavropol Territory , Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov regions. The center of the Southern Federal District is the city of Rostov-on-Don (population as of 01.01.2007 - 1.1 million people).
The area of the Southern Federal District is 591.3 thousand km2 (3.5% of the area of the territory of Russia), the population is 22.8 million people. (15.8% of the country's population). The share of the urban population is only 57.5%. In terms of the share of the rural population, the Southern Federal District occupies a leading position in Russia. The district ranks second among the federal districts - 36.4 people. per km2.
The largest cities of the Southern Federal District are Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar, Astrakhan, Stavropol, Sochi, Makhachkala, Vladikavkaz. The number of other cities does not exceed 300,000 people. In total, there are 132 cities in the district.
Detectability large reserves oil and gas is available in the Caspian Sea.
The Southern Federal District is the most important supplier of products Agriculture For Russia. Grain, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables, grapes, gourds, fish, products are exported outside the district.
The electric power industry plays a primary role in the economy of the Southern Federal District. Thermal (Krasnodar, Grozny, Novocherkassk, Nevinnomyssk) and hydroelectric power stations (Tsimlyanskaya, Gizeldonskaya, Baksanskaya, Chirkeyskaya, Irganaiskaya, etc.) have been built in many districts. The Southern Federal District has a developed oil and gas industry. At the same time, the oil industry is the oldest in the region. On its basis develops chemical industry. Branches of specialization are also ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, agricultural engineering and production of drilling equipment. The sectors of specialization of the Southern Federal District also include the resort industry of the North Caucasus.
The main industrial potential of the Southern Federal District is concentrated in the Rostov and Volgograd regions and in the Krasnodar Territory. The specialization of the Rostov region is heavy industry: ferrous (metal powder, steel pipes) and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering (grain harvesters, electric locomotives, steam boilers, equipment for nuclear power plants, forging machines), coal mining industry. An important role is played by the food industry (meat and dairy, oil and fat, confectionery, tobacco, fruit and vegetable canning). In the Volgograd region, the electric power industry, ferrous metallurgy (steel, rolled metal, steel pipes), mechanical engineering, including shipbuilding, chemical and other industries, are developed. backbone of industry Krasnodar Territory are the food industry (wine-making, fruit and vegetable canning, oil milling, meat), mechanical engineering (instrument making, machine tool building, agricultural engineering), oil refining and.
The tense social situation in the Okrug is emphasized by the country's lowest level of monetary income of the population and the most high level unemployment. Thanks to the agricultural specialization of the district, here is the lowest cost of the food part of the consumer basket in Russia and the lowest index in Russia consumer prices, although the growth rate of producer prices exceeded the average Russian level.
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