Topic: Landscape as a health factor.

Purpose: to prove that the landscape is a factor in health

• Reproduce in memory the concepts of "landscape", "urbanization", types of landscapes.
• Integrate students into activities aimed at maintaining a high ecological quality of the urban environment.
• Bring up careful attitude to nature

Equipment: interactive whiteboard, presentation.

Lesson type: combined

During the classes:

• Stage "Organizational moment"

IV. Stage "Comprehension"

VII. Stage "Reflection"

VIII. Stage "Homework"

Analysis of the survey on the impact of weather conditions on the human body among their relatives, neighbors

II. Stage "Checking homework"

Pay attention to the main concepts for the topic of the lesson.

What is a landscape?

• Compare two landscape illustrations. Which can be called natural and anthropogenic? Why?

How does the landscape change under the influence of human activities?

What harm does deforestation do to the landscape?

III. Stage "Knowledge update"

Make a diagram of anthropogenic impact on green spaces.

Scheme of anthropogenic influence on green spaces.

Guards

Grows

Collects in bouquets

Selects

knocks out

Is it possible to express the landscape: in color, relief, sound? Give examples.

• Guys, sit back, close your eyes… listen to the sounds of nature from the cycle of musical relaxation works “Sounds of Nature”.

What pictures of nature did you present?

• Tell us about your feelings, sensations in the process of listening.

Why does man need the soundscape of nature unaltered by industrialization?

What is the aesthetic expressiveness of the landscape? (students analyze illustrations of paintings by famous artists of their choice; read poems about nature, reading author's poems is allowed - a leading task).

Psychological test

1. RED You love being the leader. Almost all of your senses are at their maximum. You are a persistent person, you do not like to put things off until later. It often happens that those who prefer red are demonstrative and selfish, intolerant, stubborn and cruel. A woman in red, most often, tends to flirt with guys.

2. ORANGE You are a true optimist, love of life, dreamer and creative person. This color embodies joy and pleasure, including sexual pleasure. Possess inexhaustible energy. But sometimes it happens that orange lovers can have a high opinion of themselves. And psychologists also believe that when a person experiences an unexpected need for such a color, he lacks a sense of satisfaction.

3. YELLOW You want to reveal yourself, to achieve the goal that you set for yourself. You are a self-confident, joyful and cheerful person. Often among lovers of yellow observed high level creativity. Yellow helps them in difficult times, concentrates attention. You like to gossip sometimes, or just chat. A lover of yellow can be distracted and critical of himself and others, but at the same time their self-esteem is not at all low, but vice versa.

4. GREEN Green is the most neutral, still, soothing color. People who choose green are clearly and rationally choosing their life path. Every task in life is taken seriously. They love to help others. Their inner world rich, but they are in no hurry to open it, although they themselves are not secretive.

5. BLUE Water and ice blue soothes and cools. If you want to motivate your employees to work effectively, paint your office walls blue. This color inspires confidence. Choosing it, you seem to become an airy, light nature. Blue is relaxing and soothing. If you prefer this color, then you are able to smooth out conflicts, set others up for peacefulness and friendly feelings.

6. BLUE This color is loved by people who are calm, respectable, set up to do business honestly and fairly. The choice of blue reflects the need for change and spiritual insight. Blue, like blue, causes maximum trust and reliability. Blue is often chosen by wealthy and self-confident people.

7. PURPLE Violet is chosen by people who find it difficult to realize themselves in life. You are usually very critical of yourself. Always very rational and trying to control yourself. You may be prone to depression and may misinterpret the behavior of those around you. At the same time, purple can increase low self-esteem.

8. PURPLE You choose to live full life. You are looking for new experiences, you like to work and you do not like to sit still. But sometimes you can be a frivolous and infantile person who loves to show off in front of everyone. You always have childhood. Purple is also called the royal color, the color of princesses and little girls.

9. GRAY Usually those who prefer gray in the first place put the mind, not emotions. Gray is a neutral color. You rarely meet people like you. You are an intellectual and look into the depths of things. You do not like extremes and do not divide the world into black and white. You tend to be analytical. Gray does not distract from an important matter, therefore business people prefer it. At the same time, gray is quite friendly and reliable. And gray clothes give strength to insecure people.

10. BLACK People who prefer black are mysteries. They want to unconsciously attract the attention of others, as the black color is curious, because it hides something interesting and scary.

Work with text in groups.

Task: Find out what an urban ecosystem is.

IV. Stage "Comprehension"

Urban Ecosystem -

"modern city"?

Task: to characterize the term "urban landscape".

• Find out what the term "urban landscape" means?
• Name the structural elements of the urban landscape.
• Which elements are anthropogenic and which are natural?
• What functions should the urban landscape perform?

urban landscape

Map the urban landscape pollutants:

V. Stage "Consolidation of new material"

pollutants

urban

landscape

A) Problematic issues for discussion.

Fill in the chart:

Move to the next slide and you will find out the correct answer.

VI. The stage of behavior of the results of the lesson.

1. Allocation of oxygen;

2. Air purification;

3. Noise reduction;

4. Increase in the number of birds;

5. Aesthetic value.

B) Execution practical work"The city where I live."

Target:

• To consolidate knowledge about the factors affecting health, the importance of the urban system, the impact of ecosinization on health; improve the ability to think logically, work independently;
• To cultivate love for the native city, region, a sense of patriotism. Responsibility for cleanliness and order in your hometown.

Task: Fill in the table about the urban landscape:

Move to the next slide and you will find out the correct answer.

VII. Stage "Reflection"

Compose a syncwine with the word "city"

Alive, amazing, beautiful

Feeds, clothes, pleases, lives

• Explain the expression: a city is "... the worst and most monstrous phenomenon by which a population can be oppressed in peacetime».
• Write down your diet for one working day

Thank you for the lesson!

VIII. Stage "Homework"

1 slide

The presentation was made by a student of grade 11 "A" of the State Educational Institution Secondary School No. 186 of St. Petersburg Estrina Maria *

2 slide

Human ecology is the science of the relationship of a person with the environment in various aspects (economic, technical, physical-technical, socio-psychological) and is designed to determine the optimal conditions for human existence, including the permissible limits of its impact on the environment. The relationship with the human environment as an organism is studied by autecology, the ecology of human communities - synecology. F. Bacon

3 slide

chemical pollution of the atmosphere and human health; biological pollution and human diseases; the effect of sounds on a person; weather and human health; human nutrition and health; landscape as a health factor; problems of human adaptation to environment; bibliography.

4 slide

Chemical pollution of the atmosphere industry household boilers transport The main source of pyrogenic pollution: thermal power plants, metallurgical and chemical enterprises, boiler plants, The main harmful impurities of pyrogenic origin: carbon monoxide sulfur dioxide and sulfuric anhydride nitrogen oxides hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide fluorine compounds chlorine compounds

5 slide

Human exposure to carbon monoxide Concentration Mg/m3 Duration of exposure Symptoms of poisoning 6 20 min Decrease in color and light sensitivity of the eyes, decrease in the accuracy of visual perception of space and night vision 80-111 3.5 hours Decrease in the speed of visual perception, deterioration in the performance of psychological and psychomotor tests, coordination of small precise movements and analytical thinking 460 4-5 hours Severe headache, weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting, collapse. Headache, general muscle weakness, nausea. 1760 20 min Loss of consciousness, collapse 3500 5-10 min Headache, dizziness, vomiting, loss of consciousness 3400 20-30 min Weak pulse, slowing and stopping breathing. Death 14000 1-3 min Unconsciousness, vomiting, death

6 slide

Human exposure to sulfurous and sulfuric anhydride Symptoms of poisoning: runny nose, cough, hoarseness, sore throat. When inhaled at high concentrations - suffocation, speech disorder, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, acute pulmonary edema is possible. Human exposure to nitrogen oxides Number of symptoms Small amounts of dullness pain sensitivity. Small amounts of feeling intoxicated. Inhalation of pure gas causes narcotic state and suffocation

7 slide

Human exposure to hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide Concentration Mg/l exposure time Symptoms of poisoning 0.006 4 hours headache, lacrimation, photophobia, runny nose, pain in the eyes, decreased air and bone sound conduction. 0.2-0.28 4 hours Burning in the eyes, photophobia, lacrimation, conjunctival plethora, irritation in the nose, metallic taste in the mouth, fatigue, headaches, chest tightness, nausea. 0.7 15-30 min Painful irritation of the conjunctiva, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, colic, sometimes diarrhea, pain when urinating, shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, palpitations, headache, feeling of constriction of the head, weakness, dizziness, sometimes fainting or agitation with clouding of consciousness. 1.0 and above convulsions and loss of consciousness end in rapid death from respiratory arrest, and sometimes from heart paralysis.

8 slide

Human exposure to fluorine compounds Leads to the development of chronic poisoning (fluorosis), Symptoms: weight loss, anemia, weakness, joint stiffness, brittle bones, discoloration. The person loses consciousness. Death occurs within 5-25 minutes. medium form Reflex cessation of breathing is short, burning and pain in the eyes, lacrimation, pain behind the sternum, bouts of excruciating dry cough, after 2-4 hours toxic pulmonary edema develops. mild form of signs of irritation of the upper respiratory tract, which persist for several days.

9 slide

Biological pollution of the environment - pollution by pathogenic organisms The main sources of wastewater from industrial production Agriculture public utilities of cities and towns household and industrial dumps cemeteries, etc. Biological pollution and human diseases

10 slide

Causative agents of tetanus, botulism, gas gangrene, some fungal diseases. They can enter the human body if the skin is damaged, with unwashed food, if the rules of hygiene are violated. Polluted water sources have caused epidemics of cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery. infection occurs through the respiratory tract when air is inhaled. Diseases: influenza, whooping cough, mumps, diphtheria, measles and others. Pathogens get into the air when coughing, sneezing, and even when sick people talk. Soil Water: rivers, lakes, ponds. Air

11 slide

The influence of sounds on a person Sound is mechanical vibrations of the external environment that are perceived by a person's hearing aid (from 16 to 20,000 vibrations per second). Noise - loud sounds that have merged into a discordant sound. Noise level dB Influence 20-30 practically harmless to a person 80 permissible limit 130 causes pain in a person 150 becomes unbearable for him

12 slide

weather and human well-being Biorhythm - a set of rhythmic processes in the body (rhythms of the heart, breathing, bioelectrical activity of the brain). Daily rhythms and biorhythms The study of changes in circadian rhythms makes it possible to identify the occurrence of certain diseases at the earliest stages Climate and health XVII century - the foundations of a scientific direction in medicine about the influence of climatic factors on human health were born 1725 - the beginning of studying the influence of climate, seasons and weather on a person in Russia

14 slide

nutrition and human health Doctors say that a full-fledged balanced diet - important condition maintaining the health and high performance of adults, and for children also a necessary condition for growth and development. Many food products have bactericidal effects, inhibiting the growth and development of various microorganisms. 16 slide

Problems of human adaptation to the environment Types of human adaptation: Sprinter Stayer high resistance to short-term extreme factors and poor tolerance to long-term loads. Reverse type (in northern regions countries among the population dominated by people of the "stayer" type) Adaptation is a dynamic process due to which the mobile systems of living organisms, despite the variability of conditions, maintain the stability necessary for existence, development and procreation.

17 slide

Adapting to adverse environmental conditions, the human body experiences a state of tension, fatigue. Any violation of the "man-environment" balance is a source of anxiety. Anxiety, referred to as a feeling of vague threat; a feeling of diffuse apprehension and anxious expectation; indefinite anxiety is the most powerful mechanism of mental stress. The main features of mental stress: 1) stress - the state of the body, its occurrence involves the interaction between the body and the environment; 2) stress - a more tense state than the usual motivational one; it requires the perception of a threat in order to occur; 3) stress phenomena occur when the normal adaptive response is insufficient.

18 slide

References http://ru.wikipedia.org/ http://www.5ka.ru/ http://revolution.allbest.ru/ http://www.ecologyplanet.ru/ http://www.ecosystema. ru/ http://www.chromdet.com/ http://otvety.mail.ru/ http://base.safework.ru/ http://www.ecostandard.ru/ http://www.chemport. ru/ http://www.medkursor.ru/ http://www.rian.ru/ http://otherreferats.allbest.ru/ http://www.100let.net/ http://www.biogweb. ru/ http://www.psylive.ru/

Landscape as a health factor

A person always strives to the forest, to the mountains, to the seashore, river or lake.

Here he feels a surge of strength, vivacity. No wonder they say that it is best to relax in the bosom of nature. Sanatoriums and rest houses are built in the most beautiful corners. This is not an accident. It turns out that the surrounding landscape can have different effects on the psycho emotional condition. Contemplation of the beauties of nature stimulates vitality and soothes nervous system. Plant biocenoses, especially forests, have a strong health effect.

The craving for natural landscapes is especially strong among the inhabitants of the city. Even in the Middle Ages, it was noticed that the life expectancy of city dwellers is less than that of rural dwellers. The lack of greenery, narrow streets, small courtyards-wells, where sunlight practically did not penetrate, created unfavorable conditions for human life. With the development of industrial production in the city and its environs, a huge amount of waste polluting the environment has appeared.

A variety of factors associated with the growth of cities, in one way or another, affect the formation of a person, his health. This makes scientists increasingly seriously study the impact of the environment on urban residents. It turns out that the conditions in which a person lives, what the height of the ceilings in his apartment and how sound-permeable its walls are, how a person gets to his place of work, whom he treats on a daily basis, how people around him treat each other, depends on the mood of a person, his ability to work , activity - his whole life.

In cities, a person comes up with thousands of tricks for the convenience of his life - hot water, telephone, different kinds transport, roads, services and entertainment. However, in big cities the shortcomings of life are especially pronounced - housing and transport problems, an increase in the level of morbidity. To a certain extent, this is due to the simultaneous impact on the body of two, three or more harmful factors, each of which has an insignificant effect, but in the aggregate leads to serious troubles for people.

So, for example, saturation of the environment and production with high-speed and high-speed machines increases stress, requires additional efforts from a person, which leads to overwork. It is well known that an overworked person suffers more from the effects of air pollution, infections.

Polluted air in the city, poisoning the blood with carbon monoxide, causes the same harm to a non-smoker as a smoker smoking a pack of cigarettes a day. A serious negative factor in modern cities is the so-called noise pollution.

Given the ability of green spaces to favorably influence the state of the environment, they must be as close as possible to the place of life, work, study and recreation of people.

It is very important that the city be a biogeocenosis, if not absolutely favorable, but at least not harmful to people's health. Let there be a zone of life. To do this, it is necessary to solve a lot of urban problems. All enterprises that are unfavorable in sanitary terms must be withdrawn from the cities.

Green spaces are an integral part of a set of measures to protect and transform the environment. They not only create favorable microclimatic and sanitary and hygienic conditions, but also increase the artistic expressiveness of architectural ensembles.

A special place around industrial enterprises and highways should be occupied by protective green areas, in which it is recommended to plant trees and shrubs that are resistant to pollution.

In the placement of green spaces, it is necessary to observe the principle of uniformity and continuity in order to ensure the supply of fresh countryside air to all residential areas of the city. The most important components of the urban greening system are plantations in residential areas, on the sites of children's institutions, schools, sports complexes, etc.

The urban landscape should not be a monotonous stone desert. In the architecture of the city, one should strive for a harmonious combination of social (buildings, roads, transport, communications) and biological aspects (green areas, parks, squares).

The modern city should be considered as an ecosystem in which the most favorable conditions for human life are created. Consequently, these are not only comfortable dwellings, transport, and a diverse service sector. This is a habitat favorable for life and health; fresh air and green urban landscape.

Not coincidentally, environmentalists believe that in modern city a person should not be torn off from nature, but, as it were, dissolved in it. Therefore, the total area of ​​green spaces in cities should occupy more than half of its territory.

Analysis and grounding of entrances to the protection of the flora of the Lugansk region

The relief reflects the peculiarity of the very upper part of the hard shell of the planet (lithosphere), at the boundaries of which life is growing and the main part of the state's activity of the people...

Biocoenosis of Chernigiv town

Everything is slowly lingering on the territory of the place, you can see to enter the warehouse and, for additional interconnections, form a folding mosaic of biotic commodities (biocenoses) of the urban ecosystem: a complete biocoenosis with a significant share of producers (introductions ...

To determine the impact of environmental ecology on health, it is necessary to have an appropriate method for expressly determining the level of a child's health ...

The influence of technogenic environmental factors on the development of the organism

We emphasize once again that the environmental determinism of children's health at the present time requires almost constant monitoring of the child's health. Such work can only be carried out in the education system. This...

Assessment of the environmental impact of the designed production building for incinerator plants

The design object is located in the rear part of the berthing facility of the FSUE "Rosmorport" Eastern Branch, located in the Primorsky Territory, Nakhodka urban district, in the village of Vrangel, st. Basic, 26, on the left bank of the Khmylovka river...

Natural recreational potential of the Verkhnevolzhsky region

The landscapes are mainly taiga and subtaiga plains, elevated in places...

Structure of urban landscapes in Belarus

Before defining the concept of "urban landscapes", it is fundamentally important to note that urban structures always have a negatively directed impact on natural landscapes ...

Ukraine is a zone of ecological disaster. Ecocrisis regions - Dnieper region

In the current situation, when the adaptive mechanisms of self-regulation natural conditions were on the verge of exhaustion, denaturation of the environment is noted. As a result, there is a direct or indirect, complex ...

Man and environment

To organize effective recreation and treatment of a person, a certain natural environment is necessary with the appropriate relief, climate, vegetation, the presence of reservoirs, mineral springs, healing mud, etc.

Man as a biological and social organism of nature

The ultimate goal of nature conservation is to provide favorable conditions for the life of the present and future generations of people, development National economy, sciences and cultures of all peoples inhabiting our planet. For young people...

Environmental factors affecting human health

A person always strives to the forest, to the mountains, to the seashore, river or lake. Here he feels a surge of strength, vivacity. No wonder they say that it is best to relax in the bosom of nature. Sanatoriums, rest houses are being built in the most beautiful corners...

Environmental justification for the placement of a car recycling and recycling plant in the Partizansky GO

Subject to the implementation of the project for the construction of a car recycling plant, there is a slight change in the landscape of this territory, because. The site has previously been subjected to the removal of a fertile layer of soil ...

Environmental justification for locating production at Far East on the example of a fish processing plant

Under the condition of the implementation of the project for the construction of a fish processing plant, an inevitable change in the landscape of this territory occurs, manifested in deforestation, deepening of the riverbed ...

Ecology and human health

A person always strives to the forest, to the mountains, to the seashore, river or lake. Here he feels a surge of strength, vivacity. No wonder they say that it is best to relax in the bosom of nature. Sanatoriums and rest houses are built in the most beautiful corners. It's not a coincidence...

Ecological and geological situation of the study area

The territory located in the Greater Caucasus is located. This area is characterized mainly by mountainous and foothill areas, there are also plains and river valleys. The relief is the main landscape-forming factor in the mountains...

, Competition "Presentation for the lesson"

Class: 10

Presentation for the lesson

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Introduction

this work designed for students in grades 9-10 of general education institutions, for extracurricular activities in the senior level. High school students are already consciously considering environmental problems in the region, republic, country and in the world. Everyone's health depends on the state of their environment. By carrying out creative projects, schoolchildren reveal the causes of environmental pollution, offer measures to preserve a favorable environment. The possibilities of information and communication technologies make it possible to clearly demonstrate the positive and negative impact of man on the natural environment, to conduct educational environmental work among the population.

Lesson stage	Main part	Resources Used
	Ecology lesson for students in grades 9-10
	Topic "Landscape as a factor of health"	Slide #1
	Target: contribute to understanding why the natural environment is an essential condition for human life and cannot be replaced by any artificial environment.
	Tasks: to form the concept of "natural landscape" among students, to show the influence of the landscape on the psycho-emotional state of a person.
	Key concepts: landscape, urban landscape, city ecosystem, natural landscape.
	Receptions: table "True - false statements", cinquain.
	Graphic forms: cluster.
	Equipment: tables, drawings: “Terrain”, “urban landscape”, natural landscape, cassette: “Music about nature. Classical music for children”, videos about nature, multimedia projector. Creative work of students.	Slide #2
I st. call	Students are asked to answer the question: What do you think, does a person's health depend on his environment, the environment in which he is (guys' answers).	Slide #3
	It is proposed to work on "true-false" statements, put signs in the appropriate columns (see. Annex 1 ). Optionally advertise your choice.	Slide 4 handout
II Art. Informational	Understanding the information provided. Statistics on human diseases caused by unsatisfactory environmental conditions in the area.
	What is a landscape? Read the excerpts from the dictionary: the landscape is ... (see. Annex 2 )	Slide #5 handout
	What types of landscape are distinguished?	Slide #6
	1. Viewing tables, drawings, slides with images of the urban landscape.	Slide number 7
	name character traits urban landscape, children's statements are recorded on the board: fast pace of life; large, tall buildings; yards - boxes; a huge number of people; few green spaces; various vehicles; trees in concrete and iron; destruction of architectural monuments under the influence of acid-base precipitation; cultural values; polluted air, garbage; man-made noise.
	On the slide, the proverb “It’s easy to destroy - but what’s in the soul?”, There is a discussion.	Slide #8
	What impact does the urban landscape have on human health? Children's statements are recorded on the board: depressingly; rapid fatigue; experiences; lack of normal human communication; heaviness; causes various diseases; a huge number of communication networks negatively affects human energy
	What can you suggest to improve the ecological situation in the city?
	Conversation with students about the feasible contribution of the inhabitants of our village in solving environmental issues
	During the discussion, a cluster is filled in on the blackboard and in the notebook: “Characteristics of the urban landscape” (see. Annex 3 )	Slide #9 Slide #10
	2. Classical music about nature sounds, accompanied by a display of tables, drawings, slides with landscapes of natural landscapes.	slide number 11
	What are the features of the natural landscape? Children's statements are recorded on the board: latitude, space; greenery, flowering; pleases the eyes and ears; harmony; calm; silence.
	On the slide, the proverb "The green kingdom is the best medicine"	Slide #12
	Why do people have such an opinion?
	Many poets, writers, composers attributed the healing power to nature. Students' messages about the effect of natural forces on the human body, watching videos, photographs and drawings of the natural landscape. (cm. Appendix 4 )
	After listening creative works it turns out about the positive role of natural landscapes; children's statements are recorded on the board: improvement of mental state; the best rest; harmony of colors and sounds; a surge of strength, vivacity; stimulates vitality; calms the nervous system; the forest has a strong healing effect; coolness on a hot day; variety of flavors...
III Art. Reflections	Let's return to the statements of the proposed table "True - False statements", has your opinion changed on any issues? We listen to the statements of children (optional). It turns out that the surrounding landscape can actively influence our emotional state!
	Students are invited to compose a syncwine for the word "Landscape" (see. Appendix 5 ) Socialization of statements.

Conclusion

This lesson allows children to show how the natural landscape has a positive effect on the psycho-emotional sphere of a person, to preserve their own health and that of future generations.

Bibliography:

1. I.A. Vasyukov. Dictionary of foreign words. M .: "Ast-Press Book", 2001
2. IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people - M .: NNN, 1994
3. E.A. Kriksunov, V.V. Beekeeper. Ecology 10 (11) class. Textbook for general educational institutions. M.: Bustard, 2001

* This work is not scientific work, is not a final qualifying work and is the result of processing, structuring and formatting the collected information, intended for use as a source of material for self-study educational work.

INTRODUCTION

"Health is the natural state of the body, which is an expression of its perfect self-regulation, harmonious interaction of all organs and systems, and dynamic balancing with the environment."

Such a concept of health is given by the small medical encyclopedia. The starting point for the sociological interpretation of health, according to a number of philosophers, is the definition adopted by the World Health Organization: "Health is a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease and physical defects."

Simply put, health is that period in a person's activity when he feels good, he is filled with the energy of life, cheerfulness, thirst for activity.

It is quite natural that the state of a person as a living being - a product of the great mother nature - is noticeably affected by sometimes even a slight modification of the physical and biological parameters of his being.

Human health is affected by any change in external conditions, whether it be temperature, humidity or Atmosphere pressure, chemical composition air or water, etc.

The biological structure of a person limits his adaptation to any significant fluctuations in the parameters of the external physiological environment, and even more so to such environmental factors with which he did not interact during the long evolution of the species and, accordingly, to which he did not develop the necessary adaptive mechanisms.

Therefore, going beyond the usual background of natural factors inevitably leads to a violation of people's health.

Man and nature are connected with each other not only as part and whole, but above all as object and subject.

A person not only adapts to the environment, but actively transforms it.

LANDSCAPE AS A HEALTH FACTOR

No wonder they say that it is best to relax in the bosom of nature.

Sanatoriums and rest houses are built in the most beautiful corners. This is not an accident.

It turns out that the surrounding landscape can have a different effect on the psycho-emotional state.

Contemplation of the beauties of nature stimulates vitality and calms the nervous system.

Plant biocenoses, especially forests, have a healing effect.

The craving for natural landscapes is especially strong among the inhabitants of the city. Even in the Middle Ages, it was noticed that the life expectancy of city dwellers is less than that of rural dwellers.

The lack of greenery, narrow streets, small courtyards-wells, where sunlight practically did not penetrate, created unfavorable conditions for human life.

With the development of industrial production in the city and its environs, a huge amount of waste polluting the environment has appeared.

A variety of factors associated with the growth of cities, in one way or another, affect the formation of a person, his health.

This makes scientists increasingly seriously study the impact of the environment on urban residents.

It is very important that the city be a biogeocenosis, if not absolutely favorable, but at least not harmful to people's health.

All enterprises that are unfavorable in sanitary terms must be withdrawn from the cities.

It turns out that the conditions in which a person lives, what the height of the ceilings in his apartment and how sound-permeable its walls are, how a person gets to his place of work, with whom he communicates every day, how people around him treat each other, depends on the mood of a person, his ability to work , activity - his whole life.

In cities, a person comes up with thousands of tricks for the convenience of his life - hot water, telephone, various types of transport, roads, services and entertainment. However, in large cities, the disadvantages of life are especially pronounced - housing and transport problems, an increase in the level of morbidity.

To a certain extent, this is due to the simultaneous impact on the body of two, three or more harmful factors, each of which has an insignificant effect, but in the aggregate leads to serious troubles for people.

So, for example, saturation of the environment and production with high-speed and high-speed machines increases stress, requires additional efforts from a person, which leads to overwork. It is well known that an overworked person suffers more from the effects of air pollution, infections.

Polluted air in the city, poisoning the blood with carbon monoxide, causes the same harm to a non-smoker as a smoker smoking a pack of cigarettes a day.

A serious negative factor in modern cities is the so-called noise pollution.

A significant concentration of enterprises provides strong impact on the environment with all direct and indirect consequences for nature and man.

Incessant development of land leads to a reduction in vegetation cover, reduces the area of ​​infiltration and contributes to an increase in useless runoff of surface water.

the problem of disposal and disposal of solid waste

The growth of industrial enterprises, accompanied by the growth of settlements, requires additional area for transport, the extraction of building materials, as well as free land for general use.

Where a site is heavily built up or where raw materials, building or ornamental materials are mined in an open way, the flora and fauna are gradually destroyed there.

At the same time, the fertile layer of soil disappears without a trace, the soil profile and landforms that have developed over the centuries disappear and are deformed.

As a result, the water regime is disturbed, since the level of groundwater drops and the ratio of surface water runoff to their filtration and evaporation changes.

The local climate, along with the microclimate, is also subject to changes over a large area.

Of great concern today is the problem of disposal and disposal of solid waste.

The rapid development of technical means, the growth of the urban population, and the increase in its well-being led to an increase in the population's demand for industrial products.

Products have a shorter and shorter lifespan, become more and more subject to the vagaries of fashion, their packaging is becoming more wasteful, and many everyday items are becoming "disposable".

All this gave rise to an avalanche of waste. Numerous unequipped garbage dumps cause harm to the environment.

The landfill leads to contamination and poisoning of the soil and groundwater, stench, air pollution with smoke, the transfer of sewage by strong winds, the transfer of pathogens of infectious diseases by animals, and the spread of insects.

There was a danger of rapid degradation of the natural environment due to an increase in the amount of waste. Green spaces are an integral part of a set of measures to protect and transform the environment.

They not only create favorable microclimatic and sanitary and hygienic conditions, but also increase the artistic expressiveness of architectural ensembles.

Given the ability of green spaces to favorably influence the state of the environment, they must be as close as possible to the place of life, work, study and recreation of people.

A special place around industrial enterprises and highways should be occupied by protective green areas, in which it is recommended to plant trees and shrubs that are resistant to pollution.

In the placement of green spaces, it is necessary to observe the principle of uniformity and continuity to ensure the supply of fresh countryside air to all residential areas of the city.

The most important components of the urban greening system are plantations in residential areas, on the sites of children's institutions, schools, sports complexes, etc.

urban landscape

In the architecture of the city, one should strive for a harmonious combination of social (buildings, roads, transport, communications) and biological aspects (green areas, parks, squares).

The urban landscape should not be a monotonous stone desert.

The modern city should be considered as an ecosystem in which the most favorable conditions for human life are created. Consequently, these are not only comfortable dwellings, transport, and a diverse service sector.

This is a habitat favorable for life and health; clean air and green urban landscape. It is no coincidence that ecologists believe that in a modern city a person should not be divorced from nature, but, as it were, dissolved in it.

Therefore, the total area of ​​green spaces in cities should occupy more than half of its territory.

forest influence

The most natural natural community, which has survived over a significant area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe planet and is still relatively weakly affected by man, is a forest.

It has a beneficial effect on a person's life, his physical and spiritual condition.

No matter how strong the objections of ecologists and environmentalists to cultivated coniferous forests, but even such a forest is of great benefit to the seeker of a place to rest. It, like the deciduous and mixed forest, serves to restore and preserve human health.

More and more, in our days, the blessings bestowed by the forest are being recognized. The forest, depending on its composition, serves as a mirror of the landscape and landscape, and from this it receives a positive or negative assessment as a place of rest.

While consuming a lot of water for evaporation, the forest nevertheless has a favorable effect on the water regime. It regulates the stock. In sanitary terms, the extensive forest and even small copses and forest belts play an important role.

The air layer over a large forest area heats up less. Forest plantations in the fields and small forest belts make the surface of the earth seem to be rough, which contributes to the mobility of the surface air layer.

Thus, the concentration of harmful substances in it is quite reduced.

Near the settlements, the influence of the forest is perceived very favorably, especially where the population density is high, since the forest contributes to the improvement of human living conditions.

The forest is a "free space" where a person "perceives nature most closely" with all his senses.

Such places are extremely necessary with a high population density. Fresh, clean air flows into the atmosphere of polluted urban areas from forest areas adjacent directly to the city or even merging with city parks and gardens.

When you dream of healthy water, you imagine it to be completely transparent and rich in oxygen.

According to this definition, "unnatural" are such surface water, which, by their state, type, temperature, chemical and biological processes, in terms of the appearance of the habitats of living organisms, in terms of the number and distribution of microorganisms, look completely different than it should be in accordance with local natural conditions.

Such deviations in the chemical and biological composition of waters affect primarily the oxygen regime with the ensuing consequences; when contaminated, they give rise to rot, contribute to the decomposition, decay or transformation of organic substances in the absence or lack of oxygen.

Tree roots penetrate deep into the soil and strengthen its top layer. dying organic matter form numerous voids and retain them, unlike arable land.

Atmospheric precipitation accumulates in these voids and, slowly seeping through, eventually comes to the surface in the form of springs. The water coming from the forested areas is crystal clear. Fertilizers and pest control products in forestry are rarely applied and only at long intervals, so they cannot leave noticeable traces. Over a long period of time, the water does not remain exactly the same either in the whole lake, river, etc., or in their individual places. But these changes can be of a different nature.

ground water

Large water withdrawals can lead to depletion of groundwater resources if sufficient care is not taken to replenish them.

The increase in water consumption leads to the fact that it often has to be delivered from quite remote places.

Difficulties with water supply often arise due to increased pollution of sewage.

Groundwater is subject to a multifaceted threat from humans.

Irreparable damage can occur if the waters are unable to cope with the growing load and lose their ability to self-purify.

In addition to the chemical pollutants found in domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewater, physical pollutants are added: warm wastewater used for cooling during industrial processes.

All this contributes to a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the water. And this is by no means a local phenomenon, as it extends to more distant watersheds.

Two billion people on our planet drink polluted water, which is the cause of 80% of all diseases in the population of developing countries. A fifth of the world's oceans is covered with an oil film. Of the 2.2 billion tons of oil produced annually, a significant proportion is transported by ship. If, as a result of an accident, oil gets into the sea, settles to the bottom, then it will have its impact on the environment for a long time. The rivers of the Earth are polluted by more than a third.

PROBLEMS OF HUMAN ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT

In the history of our planet (from the day of its formation to the present), grandiose processes on a planetary scale have continuously occurred and are continuing to transform the face of the Earth.

With the advent of a powerful factor - the human mind - began qualitatively new stage in the evolution of the organic world.

Due to the global nature of human interaction with the environment, it becomes the largest geological force.

Man's production activity influences not only the direction of the evolution of the biosphere, but also determines its own biological evolution.

The specificity of the human environment lies in the most complex interweaving of social and natural factors.

At the dawn of human history, natural factors played a decisive role in human evolution.

The impact of natural factors on a modern person is largely neutralized by social factors.

In new natural and industrial conditions, a person at present often experiences the influence of very unusual, and sometimes excessive and harsh environmental factors, for which he is not yet evolutionarily ready. Health cannot be considered as something independent, autonomous.

It is the result of the impact external factors, a consequence of the refraction of the environment in the biological substrate of the organism. Giant rates of industrialization and urbanization under certain social conditions can lead to disruption of the ecological balance and cause degradation not only of the environment, but also of human health. Even hereditary diseases are ultimately, from a historical point of view, the result of an interaction between an unfavorable environment and many previous generations of people.

In this regard, S. P. Botkin wrote that the concept of a disease is inextricably linked with its cause, which is always exclusively determined by external environment acting either directly on the diseased organism or through its immediate or distant parents.

CONCLUSION

The topic seemed very interesting to me, since the problem of ecology worries not only all of humanity as a whole, but also each of us individually, and I want to believe that our offspring will not be as susceptible to negative environmental factors as they are now.

However, we still do not realize the importance and global nature of the problem facing humanity regarding the protection of the environment.

All over the world, people are striving to reduce environmental pollution as much as possible.

IN Russian Federation adopted a criminal code, one of the chapters of which is devoted to establishing penalties for environmental crimes.

But, of course, not all ways to overcome this problem have been solved, and each of us needs to independently take care of the environment, maintain that natural balance in which a person is able to exist normally.

If our restless time is full of problems, then we have to solve them. The death of nature would mean the death of mankind, the degradation of the living environment would be a brake on its development.

This means that the future of both nature and man is one. So far, he has conquered nature. Now it is time to bow again to her - the wise mother of mankind. A smart son is not a burden to follow the objective laws of being.

List of used literature:

Kaptsova L.V. You and I. - M .: "Young Guard", 1989.

Laptev A.K. Health Ethics. Know yourself: tutorial. - Shchekino, 1996.

Lisitsin Yu. P., Sakhno AV Human health is a social value. - M.: "Thought", 1988.

Maryasis VV Protect yourself from diseases. - M., 1992.

Serdyuk A. M. Difficult concerns of mankind. Scientific and technical progress, human health, ecology. - M: Politizdat, 1988.

Tsaregorodtsev G. I. Conditions of life and health of the population. - M: "Medicine", 1975