Admiral(Dutch. admiraal, from St. French amiral, admiral, from Arabic officers in the navies (forces). The rank of Admiral in the Navy corresponds to the rank of General. Rank sequence Vice Admiral, Admiral, Admiral of the Fleet until 1955, then Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union.

Title description, History

In the Soviet Union (since 1955), the highest officer rank in the navy was Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union and fit the title Marshal of the Soviet Union

Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union the highest rank of the Navy of the USSR, was introduced on March 3, 1955 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, until that time the title Fleet Admiral which was introduced on May 7, 1940.

Insignia

The shoulder straps of the Admiral of the Fleet and the Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union were similar, a large five-pointed star with rays coming out from under it and a black anchor on a red background in the middle and the coat of arms of the USSR located along the vertical axis of the shoulder strap. There were 3 color epaulettes depending on the uniform. Front, everyday white, everyday black.

There were 5 stripes on the sleeves, 1 wide and 4 medium, and a star in a laurel wreath in white or black, depending on the color of the jacket.

Title bearers

In the entire history of the existence of the USSR, only 3 people received and wore the title of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union: Kuznetsov Nikolai Gerasimovich (March 3, 1955), Isakov Ivan Stepanovich (March 3, 1955) and Gorshkov Sergey Georgievich (October 28, 1967). The title has been abolished since 1991 after the collapse of the USSR. The option of creating the rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Russian Federation was considered, but this did not happen, there is only a draft uniform with insignia from 1994, which is currently located in the Museum of the Russian Armed Forces in Moscow.

since March 3, 1955 Kuznetsov N.G. received the rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union, but did not stay in it for long, on February 17, 1956, he was demoted to vice admiral and retired. The reason was the aggravation of relations with the Minister of Defense of the USSR Zhukov G.K., and the reason was the accusations of an explosion on the battleship Novorossiysk. After repeated appeals from veterans to restore the title to Kuznetsov Nikolai Gerasimovich on July 26, 1988, posthumously, the title was returned.

Title in shipbuilding

The modern Russian Navy is the direct successor of the Soviet Navy - the fleet of Admiral Gorshkov, who actually created the most powerful fleet in the world. One of the most modern ships of the Russian Navy, the newest Project 22350 frigate Admiral Gorshkov, was named after the legendary naval commander.

Story military ranks"Admiral of the Fleet" and "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union" is quite complicated and confusing. Suffice it to say that in different historical periods these ranks were equated with various land ranks, and only since 1962 did they coexist with each other (before that there was only one naval class higher than the rank of "admiral", which corresponded to colonel general).

When the general and admiral ranks were established in 1940, the rank of "Admiral of the Fleet" was introduced, which corresponded to the land rank of "General of the Army", however, unlike this latter, no one was awarded. Until May 1944, when the People's Commissar of the Navy N. G. Kuznetsov and the Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy I. S. Isakov became Admirals of the Fleet, the title of "Admiral" was actually the highest naval rank.

Thus, the ratio of the ranks of the highest commanders in the army and navy in 1940-1945. it was like this:

Marshal of the Soviet Union - (no rank)

colonel general - admiral

Here's what it says about further history the titles of "Admiral of the Fleet" and "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union" Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov, without which the latter, perhaps, would not have appeared:

“In 1944, unexpectedly for me, Stalin raised the question at the Headquarters of the Supreme Command about conferring me another rank. By this time, we did not have a rank higher than admiral, which means that there were no corresponding shoulder straps. I reported that in other fleets there is the rank of admiral fleet. "What will this be equal to in our Armed Forces?" - asked Stalin. I replied that if you follow the same sequence as in the army, then the admiral of the fleet should be assigned shoulder straps with four stars, but then this will not be the highest rank , which land commanders have, that is, the rank of marshal.

At the same time, it was decided to establish for the time being the rank of Admiral of the Fleet with four stars on shoulder straps, without indicating to whom this rank is assigned in the ground forces. So, I received the next rank of admiral of the fleet with shoulder straps unusual for the fleet. I wore them for a relatively short time. In May 1944, it was decided to replace these epaulettes with marshal's, with one a big star. And when the statutory issue was discussed and it was necessary to decide in the table of ranks who the admiral of the fleet was equal in his rights, then it was written in black and white: "Marshal of the Soviet Union."

Unfortunately, I can't put an end to this. Later (in 1948) I was stripped of this rank and for the second time put on the epaulettes of Rear Admiral. He received another promotion, being the commander of the Pacific Fleet (for the second time) in 1950, and after the death of Stalin, he was restored to his former rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union (in 1953). After the war, the question arose: should the admiral of the fleet have and wear a marshal's star? I remember that Marshal Zhukov suggested changing the name to "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union" then. The government decided to make such an amendment to the highest rank of the Navy, and together with a group of marshals, I received a marshal's star from the hands of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR K.E. Voroshilov. However, fortune turned against me once more, and I was demoted to vice admiral. I think this is a unique and only case in the history of all fleets. In the same place where I received the marshal's star, I returned it, retaining the rank of vice admiral ... "

Let us give the exact chronology of the events indicated by Kuznetsov: the title of "Admiral of the Fleet" and shoulder straps with four stars Kuznetsov and Isakov received on May 31, 1944 (this title, as we have seen, has existed in the Navy for four years, although it has not been awarded to anyone - here the admiral- the memoirist is mistaken), and the shoulder straps of the marshal type on May 25, 1945, and at the same time the title of "Admiral of the Fleet", as Nikolai Gerasimovich himself writes, was equated with the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. He was demoted on February 3, 1948, reinstated in rank on May 11, 1953.

After the rank of "Admiral of the Fleet" in May 1945 was equated with the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union, an amazing situation developed: in the Navy, no rank corresponded to the general of the army anymore, that is, the two highest naval ranks were no longer shared by one, but two classes :

Marshal of the Soviet Union - Fleet Admiral
army general - (no rank)
colonel general - admiral
lieutenant general - vice admiral
major general - rear admiral

The military rank "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union" was introduced on March 3, 1955; at the same time, the persons to whom it was assigned were instructed to wear the Marshal's Star. In fact, this was a renaming of the already existing rank of "Admiral of the Fleet": the new rank was assigned to exactly those military leaders who already had the old one, that is, N. G. Kuznetsov and I. S. Isakov. The addition of the words "Soviet Union" and the introduction of a new insignia in the form of the Marshal's Star apparently pursued the goal of further emphasizing equality with the title of "Marshal of the Soviet Union". It remained to take the last, logical step and again equate the "vacated" rank of "Admiral of the Fleet" with the rank of "General of the Army". This, however, was not done in 1955, and for another seven years the indicated "skew" in the Soviet "table of ranks" remained. Only in 1962 the rank of "Admiral of the Fleet" was restored and filled the empty cell in the table:

Marshal of the Soviet Union - Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union
general of the army - admiral of the fleet
colonel general - admiral
lieutenant general - vice admiral
major general - rear admiral

After Kuznetsov was again demoted (February 17, 1956), Isakov remained the only naval marshal. Two weeks after Isakov's death, on October 28, 1967, this title was awarded to Kuznetsov's successor as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Sergei Georgievich Gorshkov, who carried it until his death in 1988. Since that time, the Admirals of the Fleet of the Soviet Union were no longer in the Navy.

The restored title of "Admiral of the Fleet" in 1962-1989 was awarded repeatedly: to the Commanders-in-Chief (S.G. Gorshkov and his successor V.N. Chernavin), Deputy Commanders-in-Chief, Chiefs of the Main Staff of the Navy and some commanders of the fleets. In total (not counting Kuznetsov, Isakov and Gorshkov) the title of "Admiral of the Fleet" was carried by 9 military leaders.

After the USSR ceased to exist, the rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union was abolished; in the modern Russian fleet, the highest rank is admiral of the fleet (corresponding to the land rank of general of the army). Thus, the ratio of the highest ranks of the army and navy, which existed in 1940-1945, was restored.

In 1962-1997, Soviet (and then Russian) admirals of the fleet wore insignia close to those of marshals of military branches. Instead of shoulder straps with four stars, shoulder straps with one large star were introduced, and the Marshal's star of a "small" sample was worn on a tie with full dress. This change in uniform was intended to overcome the "inequality" between the admirals of the fleet and marshals of the armed forces of equal rank. After the ranks of marshals of military branches in the Russian Federation were abolished in 1993, the reason for the special insignia of fleet admirals also disappeared. By decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 27, 1997, the admirals of the fleet were returned introduced in 1943/44. shoulder straps with four stars in a row, and the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 15, 1981 N 4735-X "On marshal insignia" Marshal's Star "..." was declared invalid in the Russian Federation.

1 Prior to being awarded the title of "Admiral of the Fleet", the title of "Admiral" was held by: L. M. Galler, N. G. Kuznetsov, I. S. Isakov (all - 4.6.1940), V. F. Tributs and I. S. Yumashev (31.5.1943).

Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral

Biography

Born on February 1, 1955 in the village of Pustynka, Kashinsky district, Kalinin, now Tver region. In the Navy since August 1972.

In June 1977 he graduated from the Higher Naval School named after M.V. Frunze and was appointed commander of the electric navigation group of the navigation warhead of the K-467 multi-purpose nuclear submarine of project 671RT. From September 1979 - commander of the navigational combat unit, from December 1982 - assistant commander of the ship.

Since November 1984 - senior assistant commander of the 246th crew of the 6th division of submarines Northern Fleet. In August 1987, after graduating from the Higher Special Officer Classes of the Navy, he was appointed commander of the K-387 multi-purpose nuclear submarine of the 24th submarine division of the Northern Fleet. During combat service in August 1991, he successfully completed the assigned tasks in the Mediterranean Sea in the face of active opposition to the anti-submarine aviation of the NATO Navy detachment.

From November 1992 - Deputy Commander of the 24th Submarine Division of the Northern Fleet. In 1995 he graduated from the Naval Academy named after N.G. Kuznetsova. From April 1996 - head of the department, and then the anti-submarine warfare service of the operational directorate of the headquarters of the Northern Fleet.

In the period 2000-2002 he commanded a division of nuclear submarines of the Northern Fleet. Rear Admiral (06/10/2001). Since 2002 - the first commander of the Hajiyev naval base. Subsequently - chief of staff, and since August 2005 - commander of the 12th squadron of nuclear submarines of the Northern Fleet.

Since November 2007 - Deputy Commander of the Northern Fleet.

In the autumn of 2008, he led the campaign of a detachment of warships of the Northern Fleet, which completed a number of the most important military and political tasks in the Mediterranean region and the Caribbean. From the cruiser "Peter the Great" he led the international exercises "VENRUS-2008" in the Caribbean Sea. Under its flag, for the first time in history, the large anti-submarine ship of the Northern Fleet "Admiral Chabanenko" made the passage of the Panama Canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and back, and also for the first time in the post-Soviet period of history made a business call to the port of Havana in Cuba, made calls to Venezuela and Panama.

Since August 2009 - Chief of Staff - First Deputy Commander of the Northern Fleet.

Since July 2010 - Commander of the Black Sea Fleet. He was the initiator of the restoration of the Church of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir in the city of Sevastopol and the creation of a museum complex of the legendary 35th coastal battery on Cape Chersonese.

Since June 2011 - Commander of the Northern Fleet. In the fall of 2012, surface ships of the Northern Fleet under its flag began to explore the Arctic and for the first time in Russian history made an amphibious landing on the New Siberian Islands.

In December 2014, he headed the joint strategic command of the Northern Fleet, reinforced by the Kola air defense formation, separate motorized rifle and arctic brigades and aviation. Territory Command Area of ​​Responsibility Russian Federation along the coast of the Arctic Ocean expanded to the administrative border with the Chukotka autonomous region. Under his direct command in 2015, there was an active creation of the military infrastructure of the Northern Fleet in the Arctic.

In April 2016, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy.

Member of 18 long-distance cruises on nuclear submarines and surface ships.

Member of the presidium State Commission on the development of the Arctic. Honorary polar explorer (2015).

The lead frigate of project 22350 "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov", located on final stage completion afloat in St. Petersburg. Since July 2013, mooring trials have been carried out on the ship, but factory sea trials have not yet begun. The photo clearly shows the current state of the ship.

And a little more about this project:

According to the armament program for 2011-2020, the Russian Navy will receive project 22350 frigates. In total, 10 frigates of this project are planned to be built during this period.

These are the first domestic capital ships created in the post-Soviet era. Currently, two frigates of project 22350 are being built in St. Petersburg - “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov” (laid down in 2006, launched in 2010, will go into operation this year - according to plan), they plan to transfer it to the Baltic Fleet; In 2009, the frigate Admiral of the Fleet Kasatonov was laid down; its commissioning is scheduled for 2012.

Story

The draft design of the ship was developed at the Northern Design Bureau and approved in June 2003 by the fleet command. At the beginning of 2005, the project was approved as a multi-purpose frigate (according to the Soviet classification - a large patrol ship). On February 28, 2005, a tender was announced for the construction of this ship, three shipbuilding enterprises participated in it: Severnaya Verf, Yantar Baltic Plant, and FSUE Sevmashpredpriyatie.

The order was received by OJSC Shipbuilding Plant "Severnaya Verf". On February 1, 2006, the ship was laid down, and it was assigned serial number 921. By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Vladimir Masorin, the frigate was given the name "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergey Gorshkov." On November 26, 2009, the laying of the second frigate of the series took place. He was given the name "Admiral of the Fleet Kasatonov". The cost of the lead ship of project 22350 should be about 400-420 million US dollars, but as a result, the real cost of building one frigate may increase to 500 million dollars.

It is symbolic that the new Russian frigates are named after the Soviet admirals who did so much for the Soviet Navy, the connection between generations is very important. Gorshkov and Kasatonov are classmates at the Naval School, colleagues in the service. On parallel courses next to each other, they served for more than half a century. Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union S.G. Gorshkov for almost three decades since 1956 was the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy and Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR. Prior to that, for four years (1951-1955) he commanded the Black Sea Fleet. In fact, Gorshkov realized the idea of ​​creating the country's ocean fleet. One of his closest associates was Vladimir Afanasyevich Kasatonov.

V.A. Kasatonov was born in 1910 in Peterhof. In 1927 he entered, and in 1931 graduated from the Naval College, then the Naval Academy (1941). During the Great Patriotic War, he was the chief of staff of a separate division of submarines of the Baltic Fleet, where he skillfully applied the experience of service, acquired in his time in the Baltic and Pacific Fleet. Then he was transferred to Moscow, where he served as head of the Operations Department of the Main Naval Headquarters of the Navy. He was one of the participants in the work of the Yalta Conference, based on its results he prepared fighting of the Pacific Fleet Far East in a future war with Japan. In 1945-1947 - Chief of Staff of the Kronstadt Marine Defense Region, Head of the Marine Department of the Main Operational Directorate General Staff. In 1947–1949 he was the head of a department and assistant to the head of the Main Directorate of the General Staff. Since 1949 - Chief of Staff of the 5th Navy, then - Pacific Fleet, commander of the 8th Navy, the Black Sea, and later the Northern Fleets. In 1964-1974 he was First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy. Since 1974 - in the Group of General Inspectors of the USSR Ministry of Defense. Hero of the Soviet Union (1966), Admiral of the Fleet Kasatonov - one of the leading organizers of the development of the nuclear fleet. He made a trip on a nuclear-powered ship to the North Pole. In 1971-1972 he headed the Soviet delegation in negotiations with the US Navy. As a result, the agreement "On the Prevention of Incidents on the High Seas and in Airspace" was adopted. Awarded 14 orders. Vladimir Afanasyevich died in 1989. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Purpose: The frigate is designed to conduct combat operations against surface ships and submarines in oceanic and sea areas, as well as to repel air attacks both independently and as part of a formation of ships.

Peculiarities

Frigates are made according to modern concept stealth ships. They have missile weapons built into the body, and a solid superstructure, which is made using composite materials (based on polyvinyl chloride and carbon fibers). This ensures the absorption and dispersion of radio waves, which significantly reduces the level of the ship's secondary radar field. The effective scattering surface is significantly reduced, all this is ensured, in addition to the use of the above materials, also by the original configuration of the superstructure. The aft end of the ship is transom. A sharp stem should provide the ship with good seaworthiness. The frigates have a double bottom, which stretches from the bow compartments with ammunition to the engine room and aft valance. Installed new stabilizers with non-retractable rudders. Rolling dampening devices should ensure the confident use of the entire arsenal of weapons in seas up to 4-5 points. The missile ammunition will be stored in vertical launchers with additional protection. A hangar has been installed at the stern, which can accommodate one Ka-28 helicopter.

Power point

For the ship, a diesel-gas turbine power plant with a total capacity of 65,000 hp was chosen as the power plant. With. Installation of a diesel-gas turbine unit of the CODAG type, which ensures the joint operation of diesel engines and gas turbine engines in the DGTA-M55MR unit. This solution will allow you to get more total power and efficiency at low speeds under diesel engines. The layout of the elements of the DGTU will most likely be placed in two compartments: gas turbine engines in the bow, and diesel engines in the aft engine room.

As a marching unit, two new diesel engines of the Kolomna Plant 10D49 of 3825 kW (5200 hp) will be installed with automated control, each has a two-speed reduction gear that provides joint and separate operation of diesel engines with a soundproof composite clutch, and a local control system. The accelerator will be represented by two M90FR gas turbine engines jointly developed by NPO Saturn and NPP Zarya-Mashproekt with a capacity of 27,500 hp each. Thus, on two main diesel engines, the ship will have a power of 10400 hp, which will correspond to 15-16 knots. economical move. And at full speed with the joint operation of diesel engines and turbines - 64800 hp. which should be enough for 29-30 knots. full speed for a ship of this displacement. It should be noted that this is the most optimal solution for a ship of this class and was not previously implemented in the domestic fleet only because of the complexity of the design, the great complexity of controlling the installation due to the different principle of regulating the main and accelerator engines and the unwillingness of the developers of the units to take on the development of the entire installation in complex.

Armament

Two universal ship firing systems 3S14U1 (two standard modules of eight cells in total) designed to store and launch sixteen anti-ship cruise missiles ZM55 Onyx (PJ-10 BrahMos), or anti-ship and anti-submarine missiles of the Caliber-NKE family (3M- 54, 3M14, 91RTE2). The use of this complex makes this warship truly multi-purpose. Since its combat purpose can be easily changed by replacing the ammunition with a different type of missiles.

SAM: It was originally planned to install the Hurricane air defense system (or its modernized version Shtil-1) on the ship. But most likely this idea will be abandoned, since since the 90s, work has been underway to create a new medium-range air defense system with vertical cell-type launchers for 32 or more missiles. Under this launcher, a new short-range missile is being actively developed - up to 10 km, with a diameter of 125 mm, an analogue of the RVV-AE (9m100) aircraft missile system. Up to four missiles can be placed in one cell, and in this case, the ship's full ammunition load can grow to 128 small-range missiles, which, you see, is important. The new anti-aircraft system is called Poliment-Redut, and it will be maximally unified with the Vityaz mobile land complex currently being developed.

The complex will include 4 phased antenna arrays (AFAR) "Polyment", a general-view radar, an air defense system "Redut" with vertical launchers (VLU) for medium and short-range missiles, as well as for promising missiles being created, the complex will include systems of a single controls, electronic warfare equipment, artillery mounts A-192 and ZAK "Broadsword", all elements will work and be controlled in a single air defense circuit, providing all-round air defense of the ship from aircraft and low-flying targets. The complex will be able to simultaneously issue target designation for at least 16 targets (4 for each PAR). The complex will be able to maintain a rate of fire of up to one rocket per second. After that, the low-flying targets that have broken through will be finished off with the help of artillery. The system will also suppress missile guidance systems with its EW systems. All this allows you to create an air defense system with a single circuit. In addition, this will reduce the number of combat posts and significantly reduce the crew of the ship.

Artillery complex: new 130-mm A-192 artillery mount (firing range up to 22 km, rate of fire - 30 rounds per minute). The artillery system has a wide range of firing angles (170/80°); the range of ammunition allows it to hit coastal, sea and air targets, and the new 5P-10 Puma artillery fire control radar system has a multi-channel system for fired targets. Next to the helicopter hangar, it is planned to place two combat modules of the Broadsword ZRAK on the sides.

Anti-submarine weapons: will consist of 2 Medvedka-2 launchers. This complex will have four missiles in each launch module and will also be located on the sides in the area of ​​​​the middle part of the superstructure behind the hatches. Enemy submarines will be detected by the ZARYA-M sonar system or its further modernization and the VIGNETKA-M low-frequency active-passive sonar station. This station consists of a towed flexible extended antenna (GPBA) and a low-frequency emitter, which ensures effective detection of low-noise submarines in sonar mode. In addition, simultaneously with the sonar, the sonar system is working, which will make it possible to detect torpedoes and surface ships at a great distance - up to 60 km.

Aviation component: Ka-28 anti-submarine helicopter.

Basic performance characteristics

Displacement - 3900/4500 tons,
Main dimensions, m: length - 130-135,
Width - 16,
Draft - 4.5,
Power plant - Diesel-gas turbine power plant,
Power - 65,000 liters. With. (general),
2 diesel engines 10D49 with a capacity of 5200 liters each. With.,
2 gas turbine engines M90FR with a capacity of 27,500 liters each. With.,
Full speed, knots – 29,
Cruising range, miles (knots) - 4000 (14 knots),
Autonomy, day - 30,
Number of shafts - 2,
Type of screws - VFSh,
Crew, pers. – 180-210,
Armament:
Rocket - UKKS: 2x8,
SAM - 4x8 SAM "Redut",
AU - 130mm (A-192),
ZRAK - 2 BM "Broadsword",
PLUR - 2x4 "Medvedka-2",
AB - 1 Ka-28 helicopter.

Plans for 2014

“Oh, so much has not been done. And there is so much more to be done!” An old Navy joke describes the current situation at USC well. The next year, the commissioning of a significant number of ships was postponed.

And what happens to the large landing ship "Ivan Gren"? It has been under construction since 2004 and will obviously continue to be built in the future.
BDK pr. 11711 "Ivan Gren" was created on the basis of drawings of the Soviet BDK pr. 1171 "Tapir" - extremely successful boats that have been serving in the Russian fleet for more than 40 years. Strong, reliable transport platform with a bow landing ramp. Interestingly, under the USSR, such BDKs were built without further ado in one and a half - a maximum of two years. They baked like hot cakes.

Ivan Gren. No complex missile systems and radars with AFAR - nevertheless, the construction of the Gren stretched out for 10+ years

In general, there are a lot of questions to the USC. But, fortunately, the situation is not as critical as it might seem at first glance - next year promises to present many bright surprises.

First of all, we are talking about submarines: in December of the outgoing year, state tests of the third SSBN from the Boreev family, the K-551 Vladimir Monomakh, began. Unlike its long-term construction predecessors, this submarine has been under construction since 2006 - and now, for a year now, it has been afloat, going through various stages of ZHI / GIS. It is planned that the boat will join the fleet in early 2014.

Another expected is the multi-purpose diesel-electric submarine B-261 Novorossiysk, which is being built according to project 636.3. (modernized "Varshavyanka"). In terms of the “stealth” parameter, diesel-electric submarines of this type are superior to any of the existing nuclear submarines. "Black holes" - such a nickname was given to "Varshavyanka" in the West. "Novorossiysk" will enter service with an updated composition of weapons - instead of part of the missile ammunition, the boat will be equipped with cruise missiles of the Caliber complex. B-261 "Novorossiysk" was launched in November 2013 and is scheduled for transfer to the Navy in the summer of 2014.

The third largest combat unit is the landing ship-helicopter carrier "Vladivostok". The head representative of the Mistral a la Rus family. The result of the joint efforts of USC, the French defense company DCNS and the South Korean corporation STX. A large 200-meter ship was laid down at the shipyard in Saint-Nazaire on February 1, 2012 - and was launched in the summer of 2013. By this time, the aft part of the Vladivostok arrived from Russia, which was being built at the facilities of the Baltic Shipyard (according to the terms of the contract, 20% of the hull sections were built in Russia). The need for close cooperation with foreign colleagues has had the most beneficial effect on Russian shipbuilders. Everything was done accurately and in the shortest possible time.

By October 16, 2013, the French docked the stern with the UDC hull and launched the finished ship into the water. In the coming months, DVKD-1 Vladivostok should be transferred to St. Petersburg, to the outfitting wall of the Severnaya Verf plant. USC specialists will only have to equip the ship with Russian weapons, conduct a full cycle of factory and state tests, and then transfer the ship to the Pacific Fleet. Since the autumn of 2013, the formation of the crew for the first landing helicopter carrier in the Russian Navy began. It is expected that Vladivostok will join the ranks of the Navy at the end of 2014.

Of particular interest is the story of the frigate "Admiral Grigorovich" - the lead ship of project 11356. Being built as a cheaper replacement for the super frigates of Project 22350, which did not work out from the very beginning, "Admiral Grigorovich" was planned to be launched in the fall of 2013 . Alas, there are only a few days left before the new year, and this event it didn't happen. Despite the delay in construction, the frigate is in a high degree of readiness and can be accepted into the Navy by the end of next year.

Initially, in 2014, it was planned to commission two more frigates, pr. 11356 - Admiral Essen and Admiral Makarov. But there is a feeling that this joyful event will not happen before 2015-16. Makarov has not yet completed the formation of the corps. It is also necessary to take into account that after launching, the ships will need at least another year to complete and saturate with all the necessary equipment. And after - a long cycle of ZHI / GIS.

Frigate of the Indian Navy F44 "Tabar" (export modification of the frigates pr. 11356 under construction for the Russian Navy)

Corvettes! Everything is still here. There are two units in the plans - "Resistant" and "Perfect" (project 20380). There is a high probability that in 2014 the composition of the Caspian flotilla will be replenished by a small missile ship "Veliky Ustyug" (RTO pr. 21631 code "Buyan-M").

This is where the list of Navy warships, which are scheduled to enter service in 2014, suddenly ends. Total:

Submarine strategic missile carrier - 1 unit;
- multi-purpose diesel-electric submarine - 1 unit;
- landing helicopter carrier - 1 unit;
- frigates pr. 22350 - 2 units. (Let's hope that this time the epic with "Gorshkov" will end, "Admiral Kasatonov" will arrive next);
- frigates pr. 11356 - 1-2 units;
- corvettes pr. 20380 - 2 units;
- RTOs - 1 unit.

Few? Did you expect more?

The positive trend in shipbuilding observed in 2012 and 2013 continues, and the fleet is gradually increasing its strength. In addition to the above equipment, one should not forget about the grandiose plans for the modernization of nuclear Orlans - on June 13, 2013, Sevmash received a contract for the modernization of the Admiral Nakhimov TARKR worth 50 billion rubles. (this is 1.5 times more than was paid for both Mistrals). As of December 2013, work is underway on the cruiser to install tools for repair work, fault detection and unloading of old equipment. The first modernized "Orlan" promises to replenish the current composition of the Navy in 2018.

Of the negative points: the timing of construction is still not encouraging. Regularly there are scandals associated with exceeding the estimates of ships under construction and the search for a corruption component. The result is predictable - after a short time, a statement follows about the suspension of the serial construction of one or another type of ship (as happened with the corvettes of pr. 20385). A statement made by officials at the end of the year about the inexpediency of further construction of nuclear-powered submarines of the 4th generation, pr. 885 "Ash" and "Ash-M". Allegedly, the boats have an exorbitant cost, therefore, the initial plans for the construction of 8 submarines should be revised downward. And as a replacement, you need to develop a project for a simpler and cheaper submarine for mass production.

Finally, the banal absence of large surface units - missile cruisers, destroyers ... One can only dream of this. Ships similar in size to modern frigates, according to the classification of the USSR Navy, passed only as "guards" or BODs of the II rank. Small things, small "bargaining coins", built in series of 30 or more pieces. Ehh ... (in the hearts wave his hand).

In general, there are enough problems. And they need to be addressed.

Next year, 2014, USC has every chance to maintain and increase the results achieved in previous years. And to do this not only through the commissioning of long-term construction, but also to implement truly bold ideas of our time!

So we wish the domestic shipbuilders to celebrate the outgoing year in accordance with all the rules, and then proceed to shock work in order to break all the records of previous years!

There are no guns or missiles on this ship, but it can be safely considered a warship. Large reconnaissance ship of the Russian Navy "Yuri Ivanov" (pr. 18280), launched in September 2013. According to the plan, should come into operation before the end of 2014. It is these scouts who monitor the squadrons of the "probable enemy" in the Mediterranean Sea, in the Sea of ​​​​Japan, in the Indian Ocean, and then everywhere

K-560 "Severodvinsk", in the background - heavy nuclear missile cruiser pr. 1144 "Admiral Ushakov"

Corvette "Boiky".

Such different fates of the admirals of the fleet of the Soviet Union Nikolai Kuznetsov, Ivan Isakov and Sergey Gorshkov.

Until 1993, while shaking off the rubble of the collapsed USSR new Russia did not undertake to reshape the system of military ranks either, the highest personal rank in the Navy was the rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. It was introduced by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on March 3, 1955, and in four decades only three people have been awarded this title.

The rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union owes its appearance to the gap in correspondence between the army and navy ranks, which unexpectedly arose after the introduction in 1935 of personal ranks for the commanders of the Red Army and the Red Army. The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union became the highest army rank, and the corresponding rank in the navy did not appear either then or in 1940, when the rank of Admiral of the Fleet became the top level of naval ranks. The legendary People's Commissar of the Navy Nikolai Kuznetsov insisted on changing this situation, which was offensive to the fleet. In his personal archive there is such an entry (quoted from the notes to the memoirs “Sharp Turns: From the Notes of the Admiral”): “In 1944, unexpectedly for me, Stalin raised the question at the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command about awarding me the next rank. By this time, we did not have a rank higher than admiral, which means that there were no corresponding shoulder straps. I reported that other navies have the rank of Admiral of the Fleet. “What will this equal in our Armed Forces?” Stalin asked. I replied that if the same sequence was followed as in the army, then the admiral of the fleet should be assigned shoulder straps with four stars, but then this would not be the highest rank that land commanders have, that is, the rank of marshal. At the same time, it was decided to establish for the time being the rank of Admiral of the Fleet with four stars on shoulder straps, without indicating to whom this rank is assigned in the ground forces.<…>In May 1944, it was decided to replace these epaulettes with marshal's epaulettes, with one large star. And when the statutory issue was discussed and in the table of ranks it was necessary to decide who the admiral of the fleet was equal in his rights, then it was written in black and white: "Marshal of the Soviet Union."
The legendary admiral made a mistake in the date of introduction of the rank of Admiral of the Fleet, although the rest is accurately described. Thus, a situation arose when the higher naval rank became higher than the previous not one step, but two: previously corresponding to the general of the army, it “moved” one line higher, breaking the harmonious system. They coped with this only ten years after the Victory. Here is how Nikolai Kuznetsov describes it: “After the war, the question arose: should the admiral of the fleet have and wear a marshal's star? I remember that Marshal Zhukov suggested changing the name to “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union” then. The government decided to make such an amendment to the highest rank of the Navy, and I, together with a group of marshals from the hands of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR K.E. Voroshilov received a marshal's star ... ".

Each of the three admirals of the fleet of the Soviet Union - Nikolai Kuznetsov, Ivan Isakov and Sergey Gorshkov - came to this differently the highest rank. And the fate of each of them developed differently, although they were closely intertwined with each other - and far from always this interweaving played a positive role. The "Historian" tells its readers about the fate of the "naval marshals" today.

Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Nikolai Kuznetsov

July 11, 1904 - December 6, 1974

In 1939-1947 and 1951-1955 - People's Commissar Navy, Minister of the Navy and Commander-in-Chief of the Navy.
Hero of the Soviet Union, four times holder of the Order of Lenin, three times holder of the Order of the Red Banner, twice holder of the Order of Ushakov
It is no coincidence that Admiral Nikolai Kuznetsov named last book of his memoirs "Sharp turns" - this is the shortest way to describe his fate. The youngest People's Commissar of the Navy and the first sailor in this position, appointed to it on April 29, 1939 - and the only one of the holders of the highest naval rank, who twice (!) Lost it at the behest of the party authorities. The only senior officer of the USSR who was not afraid to bring the fleet into a state of full combat readiness two hours before the start of the Great Patriotic War, and not only by giving an order, but also by personally calling each commander of the Baltic, Northern and Black Sea Fleets - and a man accused of selling secrets to the allies in the anti-Hitler coalition.
Before the first post-war years service career peasant son Nikolai Kuznetsov developed without any sudden changes. In 1926, he graduated from the Frunze Naval School and went through all the steps from the commander of the battery of the battleship "Chervona Ukraine" to the People's Commissar of the Navy, everywhere showing himself to be a brilliant officer, an excellent tactician and strategist. He managed to fight in Spain (chief naval adviser to the Republican government under the pseudonym Don Nicolas Lepanto), invariably commanded everything Soviet fleet during the Great Patriotic War - and fell into disgrace after the Victory. Many fleet historians believe that this happened due to the too firm and independent nature of Nikolai Kuznetsov, who risked arguing with Joseph Stalin (the reason for the first disgrace in 1948) and categorically disagreed with Georgy Zhukov (the second disgrace in December 1955). And if for the first time Kuznetsov managed to achieve the return of the highest naval rank to him, then the second time it returned to him only 14 years after his death: his former subordinate and protégé as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Sergey Gorshkov opposed this too much ...

Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Ivan Isakov

August 10, 1894 - October 11, 1967
Title of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union awarded: March 3, 1955
In 1938-1950 - Deputy People's Commissar (Minister, Commander-in-Chief) of the Navy, in 1941-1943 and 1946-1950 - Chief of the Main Naval Staff.
Hero of the Soviet Union (May 7, 1965), six-time holder of the Order of Lenin, three times holder of the Order of the Red Banner, twice holder of the Order of Ushakov, I degree
If Nikolai Kuznetsov can be called a brilliant practical naval commander, then Ivan Isakov, who received the highest naval rank on the same day as him, would most accurately be called a brilliant theoretical naval commander. But by no means in the office!

If Nikolai Kuznetsov's fate began to make sharp turns after the Great Patriotic War, Isakov's fate was tortuous from the very beginning. An Armenian by nationality, a native of the village of Ajikent in the Kars region (which ended up in Turkey), who grew up in Tiflis, he would never have received the epaulettes of a naval officer if not for the First World War. In the fall of 1914, Isakov became a “black midshipman”: students of the Raznochinsk Separate midshipmen classes wore black shoulder straps, not white, as in the Naval Corps. But the fleet never regretted giving such a chance to the young man, who was enthusiastically dreaming of the sea. Ivan Isakov passed all the final exams with the highest score - among the ten other best class graduates - and soon received his baptism of fire during the Battle of Moonsund in 1917, being an auditor on the destroyer Izyaslav. In 1928, Isakov also brilliantly graduated from the advanced training courses for senior command personnel at the Naval Academy of the Red Army named after K.E. Voroshilov, and soon managed to prove himself not only as an excellent staff officer, but also as an excellent theoretician and teacher. He combined theory and practice well: Isakov became the chief of staff of the Special Purpose Expedition No. 1, which conducted the first ships for the Northern Fleet along the White Sea-Baltic Canal, after the publication of an article in which he substantiated the military significance of this waterway.

Great Patriotic war Ivan Isakov met at the post of chief of the Main Naval Staff. Being a member of the Military Council of the North-West Direction and coordinating the actions of the army and navy in the defense of the Baltic states, and then Leningrad, he received the first severe concussion and became deaf in his left ear. And soon Isakov was sent to do the same difficult work at the Black Sea theater of operations, where on October 4, 1942 he was seriously wounded and lost his right leg. At the same time, the commander retained the ability to think clearly and analyze, which he proved by returning to headquarters work and remaining deputy commander-in-chief of the Navy until 1950. Then Isakov was engaged in the publication of the Marine Atlas, continued to actively write theoretical articles for the Marine Collection, and even became a member of the Writers' Union of the USSR.

Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergei Gorshkov

February 13, 1910 - May 13, 1988
The title of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union was awarded: October 26, 1967
In 1956-1985 - Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy, Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (May 7, 1965 and December 21, 1982), seven-time holder of the Order of Lenin, four times holder of the Order of the Red Banner, holder of the Order of Ushakov I and II degrees
... A year later, after the newly minted naval commander Nikolai Kuznetsov was released from the Frunze Higher Naval School, a half-educated student of the physics and mathematics department of Leningrad State University Sergei Gorshkov entered the navigation department. He was not a brilliant cadet, but he did not go in the middle peasants either, as, in fact, throughout the rest of military career. She led him to the highest naval rank and the highest naval position - Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, which he held for three decades, that is, longer than any not only naval, but in general military official in the USSR!

The secret of such a record is traditional for the post-Stalin USSR: Sergei Gorshkov was not just a skilled naval commander, whom neither rivals nor critics could ever accuse of ignorance of the fleet or military affairs, but also a skilled apparatchik. And of course, three important acquaintances that the future commander-in-chief-record holder made during his previous service played a role. The first of these was an acquaintance with Nikolai Kuznetsov, who appreciated the young officer so highly that he managed to protect him from punishment for the death on the rocks of the recently built Pacific destroyer Resolute. The second and third - acquaintance during the defense of Novorossiysk with two future chiefs of Sergei Gorshkov: the commander of the 18th Army, Major General Andrei Grechko, who was destined to become one of the most famous ministers of defense of the USSR, and the head of the army political department, Leonid Brezhnev.

Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Nikolai Kuznetsov, removed from his post, managed to make sure that Gorshkov, whom he appreciated, got his post. And 10 years later, when Brezhnev and Grechko occupied the highest posts in the country, fate gave Gorshkov a chance to build the kind of fleet he dreamed of: a strong, ocean-going one, demonstrating its flag in all seas and oceans. And, although the long-lived commander-in-chief could not avoid such sins as neglecting the interests of his subordinates, unwillingness to promote independent officers, addiction to political intrigues and a craving for external attributes and awards, Gorshkov dealt with naval affairs seriously and with knowledge of the problems. But many sailors who began serving in the "Kuznetsov" fleet never forgave Admiral Gorshkov for one misconduct: unwillingness to seek the return of the highest naval rank to his mentor Nikolai Kuznetsov. The reluctance was so strong that the title of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union was returned to Kuznetsov only three years after the resignation and subsequent death of Sergei Gorshkov.