Over the past 10 years, many amazing discoveries and achievements have taken place in the world of science. Surely many of you who read our site have heard of most of the items on today's list. However, their significance is so high that once again it would be a crime not to mention them at least briefly. They need to be remembered at least for the next decade, until new, even more amazing scientific achievements are made on the basis of these discoveries.

Stem cell reprogramming

Stem cells are amazing. They do the same cellular functions like the rest of the cells in your body, but, unlike the latter, have one amazing property- if necessary, they are able to change and acquire the function of absolutely any cells. This means that stem cells can be converted, for example, into erythrocytes (red blood cells) if your body lacks the latter. Or in white blood cells (leukocytes). Or muscle cells. Or neurons. Or ... in general, you get the idea - in almost all types of cells.

Despite the fact that stem cells have been known to the general public since 1981 (although they were discovered much earlier, at the beginning of the 20th century), until 2006, science had no idea that any cells of a living organism can be reprogrammed and transformed into stem cells. Moreover, the method of such transformation turned out to be relatively simple. The first person to explore this possibility was Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka, who turned skin cells into stem cells by adding four specific genes to them. Within two to three weeks, from the moment the skin cells turned into stem cells, they could be further transformed into any other type of cell in our body. For regenerative medicine, as you understand, this discovery is one of the most important in recent history, as this sphere now has a virtually limitless source of cells needed to heal the damage your body has sustained.

Largest black hole ever discovered

"blot" in the center - our solar system

In 2009, a group of astronomers decided to find out the mass of the black hole S5 0014+81, which had just been discovered at that time. Imagine their surprise when scientists learned that its mass is 10,000 times that of the supermassive black hole at the center of our Milky Way, effectively making it the largest known black hole in the known universe so far.

This ultra-massive black hole has the mass of 40 billion suns (meaning if you take the mass of the Sun and multiply it by 40 billion, you get the mass of a black hole). No less interesting is the fact that this black hole, according to scientists, formed during the earliest period of the history of the universe - only 1.6 billion years after big bang. The discovery of this black hole contributed to the understanding that holes of this size and mass can increase these figures incredibly quickly.

Memory manipulation

It already sounds like a seed for some Nolan's Inception, but in 2014, scientists Steve Ramirez and Xu Liu manipulated the memory of a laboratory mouse, replacing negative memories to positive and vice versa. The researchers implanted special light-sensitive proteins into the mouse's brain and, as you might have guessed, simply shined a light into its eyes.

As a result of the experiment, positive memories were completely replaced by negative ones, which were firmly entrenched in her brain. This discovery opens the door to new types of treatment for those who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder or who cannot cope with the emotions of losing loved ones. In the near future, this discovery promises to lead to even more surprising results.

Computer chip that mimics how the human brain works

This was seen as something fantastic a few years ago, but in 2014, IBM introduced the world to a computer chip that works on the principle of the human brain. With 5.4 billion transistors and 10,000 times less power to operate than conventional computer chips, the SyNAPSE chip is able to simulate your brain's synapse. 256 synapses, to be exact. They can be programmed to perform any computational task, which can make them extremely useful when used in supercomputers and various types distributed sensors.

Thanks to its unique architecture, the performance of the SyNAPSE chip is not limited to the performance that we are accustomed to assessing in conventional computers. It turns on only when it is needed, which allows you to significantly save on energy and maintain operating temperatures. This revolutionary technology could truly change the entire computer industry over time.

One step closer to robot domination

Also in 2014, 1,024 tiny "kilobots" robots were tasked to combine into a star shape. Without any further instructions, the robots independently and collectively set about the task. Slowly, uncertainly, colliding with each other several times, but they nevertheless completed the task assigned to them. If one of the robots got stuck or “lost”, not knowing how to become, the neighboring robots came to the rescue, which helped the “losers” to orient themselves.

What is the achievement? Everything is very simple. Now imagine that the same robots, only thousands of times smaller, are introduced into your circulatory system and united to fight some serious disease that has settled in your body. Larger robots, also united, are sent to some kind of search and rescue operation, and even larger ones are used to build fantastically fast new buildings. Here, of course, one can recall some scenario for a summer blockbuster, but why escalate?

Dark matter confirmation

Scientists say this mysterious matter may contain answers to many as yet unexplained astronomical phenomena. Here's one of them as an example: let's say we have a galaxy with a mass of thousands of planets. If we compare the actual mass of these planets and the mass of the entire galaxy, the numbers don't add up. Why? Because the answer goes much deeper than simply calculating the mass of matter that we can see. There is also matter that we cannot see. It is just what is called "dark matter".

In 2009, several American laboratories announced the discovery of dark matter using sensors submerged in an iron mine to a depth of about 1 kilometer. Scientists were able to determine the presence of two particles whose characteristics match the previously proposed description of dark matter. There are many rechecks to be done, but everything points to the fact that these particles are actually particles of dark matter. This may be one of the most amazing and significant discoveries in physics in the last century.

Is there life on Mars?

Maybe. In 2015, the NASA aerospace agency published photos of the Martian mountains with dark stripes at their foot (photo above). They come and go depending on the season. The fact is that these bands are irrefutable proof of the presence of liquid water on Mars. Scientists cannot say with absolute certainty whether the planet had such features in the past, but the presence of water on the planet now opens up many prospects.

For example, the presence of water on the planet can be of great help when humanity finally puts together a manned mission to Mars (sometime after 2024, according to the most optimistic forecasts). Astronauts in this case will have to carry with them much less resources, since everything you need is already on the Martian surface.

reusable rockets

The private aerospace company SpaceX, owned by billionaire Elon Musk, was able, after several attempts, to soft-land a spent rocket on a remotely controlled floating barge in the ocean.

Everything went so smoothly that now landing spent rockets for SpaceX is considered a routine task. In addition, this allows the company to save billions of dollars in the production of rockets, since now they can be simply sorted out, refilled and reused (and more than once, in theory), instead of just sinking somewhere in pacific ocean. Thanks to these rockets, humanity has become several steps closer to manned flights to Mars.

Gravitational waves

Gravitational waves are ripples of space and time moving at the speed of light. They were predicted by Albert Einstein in his general theory of relativity, according to which mass is capable of bending space and time. Gravitational waves can be created by black holes, and they were detected in 2016 using the high-tech equipment of the Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Observatory, or simply LIGO, thus confirming Einstein's century-old theory.

It's really very important discovery for astronomy, as it proves much of Einstein's general theory of relativity and allows instruments such as LIGO to detect and monitor events of vast cosmic scales in perspective.

TRAPPIST system

TRAPPIST-1 is star system, located approximately 39 light years from our solar system. What makes her special? Not much, except for its star, which has 12 times less mass than our Sun, as well as at least 7 planets wrapping around it and located in the so-called Goldilocks zone, where life could potentially exist.

Around this discovery, as expected, there are now heated debates. It even goes so far as to say that the system may not be habitable at all and that its planets look more like unsightly vacant space rocks than our future interplanetary resorts. Nevertheless, the system deserves absolutely all the attention that is now riveted to it. Firstly, it is not so far from us - only some 39 light years from the solar system. On the scale of space - around the corner. Secondly, it has three Earth-like planets that are in the habitable zone and are perhaps the best targets for the search for extraterrestrial life today. Thirdly, all seven planets may have liquid water - the key to life. But the probability of its presence is highest precisely on the three planets that are closer to the star. Fourth, if there really is life there, then we can confirm this without even sending a space expedition there. Telescopes like JWST, which is set to launch next year, will help solve this problem.

Interesting scientific facts

1. Pseudo-blindness is a phenomenon in which blind people develop a physiological response to visual stimuli (such as an angry face) despite being unable to see them.

9. Every cell in your body has been dividing since life began on Earth. And all this division will end with your death, with the exception of the cells that you pass on to your descendants (1 per child) and certain circumstances (for example, organ donation).

16. Your lungs have the same surface area as a tennis court.

In the first two decades of the 21st century, science has been enriched by a number of discoveries that, in the long term, can significantly affect the quality of life of every person. What is worth only obtaining stem cells from the skin of an adult, which makes it possible to grow the necessary organs without the use of embryonic cells!

The fundamental discovery of gravitational waves gives humanity hope for travel between the stars, and super-capacious batteries will soon be produced from the new material graphene. However, first things first: in the rating below, we tried to systematize the most important scientific discoveries of the 21st century in terms of their significance for humanity.

TOP 10 most significant scientific discoveries of the XXI century

10. BIONICS. Designed bioprostheses controlled by the power of thought

More recently, lost limbs were replaced by plastic dummies or even hooks. In the past two decades, science has made huge strides in creating bioprostheses that can be controlled by the power of thought and even transfer the sensations from artificial fingers to the brain. In 2010, the English company RSLSteeper introduced a bioprosthetic hand, with which a person can open doors with a key, break eggs into a frying pan, withdraw money from an ATM, and even hold a plastic cup.

It is easy to crush a disposable glass with excessive force, but scientists have achieved that the force of squeezing fingers can be varied. Control signals for this are taken from the pectoral muscles of the body.

Another company, Bebionic, in 2016 made a bionic prosthetic hand for the disabled Nigel Ackland, which can not only be controlled by the power of thought. In addition to this, the product is equipped with sensitivity sensors connected to the nerve endings of the stump. Thus, it is achieved Feedback so that the patient can feel touch and warmth. So far, bioprostheses are quite expensive, but thanks to the development of 3D printing, their wider availability is predicted in the near future.

9. BIOTECHNOLOGIES. World's first synthetic bacterial cell created

In 2010, a team of scientists led by Craig Venter achieved a breakthrough in an ambitious project to create nothing less than new life. Biologists took the genome of the bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium and systematically, one by one, removed genes from it to determine the minimum set necessary for life. It turned out that it should include 382 genes that make up, as it were, the basis of life. After that, scientists already "from scratch" made up an artificial genome, which was transplanted into a cell of the bacterium Mycoplasma capricolum, from which its own DNA complexes were previously removed.

An artificial cell that even received given name- Cynthia, turned out to be viable and began to actively share.

This success opens up vast opportunities for biotechnologists to create much more complex organisms with given parameters. Already, artificial cells are being constructed that can produce vaccines and even fuel for cars, and in the future, biologists hope to create a bacterium that would absorb carbon dioxide. Such a microorganism could help in the eradication greenhouse effect on Earth, as well as in the terraforming of Mars and Venus.

This is what the world's first proliferating artificial Cynthia cell looks like under an electron microscope

8. ASTROPHYSICS. Discovered the planet Eris and water on Mars

Two “space” finds can be attributed to the largest discoveries of the 21st century. In 2005, a group of American astronomers from the Gemini Observatory, Yale and California Universities discovered heavenly body moving beyond the orbit of Pluto. Further studies have shown that the small planet, called Eris, is only slightly inferior in size to Pluto. In 2006, this celestial body was photographed by the Hubble orbiting telescope, discovering a fairly large satellite revolving around it, called Dysnomia. It is assumed that by physical characteristics Eris is similar to Pluto, and its surface is most likely covered in bright white ice, since the albedo (reflectivity) of the planetoid is second only to Saturn's moon Enceladus.

The second largest discovery of the 21st century in the exploration of the solar system is the discovery of water on Mars. Back in 2002, the Odyssey orbiter detected signs of water ice beneath the planet's surface. In 2005, the European apparatus "Mars-Express" photographed craters with clear traces of water flows, and the American probe "Phoenix" finally dispelled doubts. In 2008, he landed in the vicinity of the North Pole and, in one of his experiments, he successfully isolated water from the Martian soil. The guaranteed presence of moisture on the Red Planet removes the main limitation for its colonization. America plans to launch a manned mission to Mars as early as the 2030s, and Russia is also developing a nuclear engine for this purpose.

7. NEUROLOGY. For the first time recorded and rewritten memories in the brain

In 2014, researchers at the University of Massachusetts succeeded in implanting false memories into the memory of experimental mice. They had fiber optic wires implanted in their heads, connected to areas of the brain responsible for memory formation. According to them, scientists gave laser signals that acted on certain parts of neurons. As a result, it was possible to achieve both the erasure of some of the memories of mice and the formation of false ones. For example, rodents forgot that in a certain area of ​​the cage they once had pleasant encounters with females and no longer sought to go there. At the same time, scientists were able to create new memories that the “dangerous” compartment of the cage was actually attractive and the mice tried to be there.

At first glance, these results look like child's play, and even with dubious ethical overtones. Meanwhile, neurophysiologists have succeeded in the main thing - to find the parts of the brain responsible for memory (the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) and create, albeit still primitive, methods of influencing them. This gives broad prospects for improving the ways of influencing the brain, and in the future will allow the treatment of phobias and mental disorders. It is possible that already in the foreseeable future it will be possible to create devices for batch data upload to human brain for quick learning of sciences that require memorization a large number data, for example, it will be possible to master a foreign language in the shortest possible time.

6. PHYSICS. Higgs boson or 'God particle' discovered

In July 2012, a discovery took place, for which 6 billion dollars were spent, invested in the construction of the Large Hadron Collider (CERN) near Geneva. Scientists have discovered the so-called. "particle of God", the existence of which was predicted back in the 60s by the British physicist Peter Higgs. She was named after him. Thanks to the experimental proof of the existence of the Higgs boson, fundamental physics has received the last missing link for constructing a prenormalizable quantum field theory. This theory is a continuation of classical quantum mechanics, but it qualitatively changes the view of the picture of the microcosm and the Universe as a whole.

The practical significance of the discovery of the Higgs boson is that scientists open up the prospect of developing antigravity and developing engines that do not require energy to operate.

To do this, you need "nothing at all" - to learn how to clean the so-called. Higgs field, which binds elementary particles, preventing them from flying apart. In this case, the mass of an object with a neutralized field will be equal to zero, which means that it will no longer take part in the gravitational interaction. Of course, such discoveries are a matter of a very distant future.

5. MATERIAL SCIENCE. Created ultra-strong material graphene

Graphene is a material unique in strength and many other properties, which was first obtained by Russian physicists (working in Britain) Konstantin Novoselov and Andrey Geim in 2004. Six years later, scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize for this, and today graphene is actively researched and already used in some products. The unusualness of the material lies in several of its features. Firstly, it is the second most durable (after carbine) of the currently known materials. Secondly, graphene is an excellent conductor, which can be used to achieve unique electronic effects. Thirdly, the material has the highest thermal conductivity, which, again, allows it to be used in semiconductor electronics without fear of overheating.

Special hopes are placed on graphene in terms of its use in high-capacity batteries, which are so lacking in electric vehicles.

In 2017, Samsung introduced one of the first graphene-based batteries with a capacity 45% higher than that of its comparable lithium-ion counterpart. But most importantly, the new battery is charged and gives a charge 5 times faster than usual. It is noteworthy that we are not talking about a fully graphene, but about a hybrid battery, where the innovative material is used as an auxiliary. If, more precisely, when the developers create a completely graphene battery, this will become a real revolution in the energy sector. The main problem in the widespread use of graphene is the high cost of obtaining it and the shortcomings in technologies that do not yet allow obtaining an absolutely homogeneous material. However, already now the number of applications for patents using graphene has exceeded 50 thousand, so there is no doubt that in the foreseeable future, an unusual material will significantly affect the quality of people's lives.

4. BIOLOGY. Stem cells obtained not from embryos, but from mature tissues

In 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to the English biologist John Gurdon and his Japanese colleague Shin Yamanaka. They made a real sensation among biotechnologists, creating stem cells from ordinary cells, i.e. able to form any organs. To do this, scientists introduced only 4 genes into mouse connective tissue cells, and as a result, fibroblasts turned into immature stem cells with all the properties of embryonic ones. Any organ can be grown from such material - from the liver to the heart.

Thus, the researchers not only theoretically, but also practically proved the reversibility of cell specialization, which cannot be overestimated.

Until recently, it was believed that stem cells could only be obtained from embryos or cord blood. The first is ethically questionable, and the second forced people (mostly wealthy) to bank stem cells immediately after the birth of a child so that in the future he could use it for treatment. The discovery of physiologists removed these restrictions and now every person (at least theoretically) has access to stem cell treatment and cloning of organs containing the body's "native" DNA.

3. ASTROPHYSICS. The existence of gravitational waves has been proven

The discovery of gravitational waves is considered the greatest scientific achievement 2016, and possibly the entire second decade of the 21st century. In 2017, their discoverers - Rainer Weiss, Barry Barish and Kip Thorne were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. With the help of two interferometric observatories LIGO and VIRGO located in the USA and Italy, scientists managed to fix gravitational waves formed as a result of the merger of two black holes at a distance of 1.3 billion light years from the Sun.

Thus, the researchers experimentally confirmed the reliability general theory Einstein's relativity, which predicted the presence of gravitational waves at the beginning of the 20th century (at the level of theory).

Subsequently, LIGO and VIRGO recorded two more gravitational bursts from the collision of neutron stars. The outstanding value of the discovery lies in the confirmation of the curvature of space-time under the influence of massive objects. This means that the spaceship travels through "null-space" and "hyper-transitions" described thousands of times by science fiction writers are quite possible, although they are the prospect of a distant future. It is probably no coincidence that one of the discoverers of gravitational waves, Kip Thorne, published a book based on his research, Interstellar. Science Behind the Scenes”, the title of which echoes the famous film.

Something like this, according to Einstein, looks like space-time in the vicinity of the Sun, curved under the influence of a massive star. This pattern has now been experimentally proven.

2. PHYSICS. Conducted successful experiments on long-range quantum teleportation

Quantum teleportation is not understood as the movement of physical objects, but the transfer of information about the state elementary particle or an atom. The most important point here is the distance – up to early XXI centuries, such a connection could be provided only at the level of the microcosm. A breakthrough year was 2009, when scientists from the University of Maryland managed to transfer the quantum state of the ytterbium ion to 1 meter. Then the initiative in this direction research firmly intercepted by Chinese scientists.

First, they managed to provide quantum communication at a distance of 120 km, and in 2017, they carried out the first space quantum teleportation from the Mo-Tzu satellite to three ground-based laboratories, which were 1203 km away.

Such a scientific and technological leap will allow in the near future to create absolutely secure communication lines that even theoretically cannot be hacked by hackers. With financial, business and private life increasingly moving online, lines based quantum teleportation promise to become a real panacea in the field of information security. In addition, ultra-fast computers are being developed based on this communication method, which in the future will replace existing ones.

1. CYBERNETICS. Created a robot with a biological brain

In 2008, scientists from England created, perhaps, the world's first cyborg - a half-dead robot with a brain based on 300,000 rat neurons. They were isolated from a rodent embryo, separated using a special enzyme and placed in a nutrient solution on an 8 cm plate. Scientists attached 60 electrodes to the resulting quasi-brain, which read signals from neurons and transmit them to an electronic circuit. They also serve to deliver signals to the brain. The first robot with a biological brain got its own name - Gordon, was equipped with a platform for movement and an ultrasonic sensor that scanned the area while driving. Signals from it go to the brain, and the impulses and feedback that arise there control the movement.

The researchers were able to achieve Gordon's learning ability, since neurons have memory. Having rested against an obstacle only once, the robot in 80% of cases no longer travels along an unsuccessful route. At the same time, as scientists say, Gordon is not controlled from the outside, but is controlled exclusively by the gray matter inherited from the rat. Thus, the British have taken the first step towards creating full-fledged cyborgs based on not tens of thousands, but billions of neurons, which, most likely, will happen before the end of this century.

Discover the ability to quickly navigate in all the variety of "target" issues. Learn how different goals differ, and share the most important information in interviews and resumes. Information that will help attract the attention of the right employer and give you the opportunity to do what you love for the benefit of yourself and others. Why ask questions about goals and what goals can the applicant be asked about? What to tell about your goals in life and work, and what secrets can be hidden behind innocent questions? Briefly about the essence and the most important secrets of professional, personal and life goals for a resume and interview.

Why ask questions about goals?

Do you know why one person asks another about goals? To understand whether they are interesting to him and whether they are consistent with his own goals and capabilities. By exchanging information about goals in life and work, you and I get the opportunity to find valuable business partners for ourselves and become a valuable business partner for someone. If you care about mutually beneficial cooperation, take your goals - setting and presenting them seriously - especially when you are looking for a job.

What goals can the applicant be asked about?

A job applicant may be asked:

• about professional goals,
• about personal goals at work,
• about purpose professional activity,
• about life goals (life goals).

There are fundamental differences between these goals. Let's take a look at them briefly. And let's start with the fundamental difference between professional and personal goals in work.

What are professional goals?

Professional Goals- this is the result of the work of a specialist, which he gives to others (his clients or customers). A professional goal talks about the content of your work and answers the following questions. What exactly are you doing? What problems do you help solve? How do you do it? What exactly will people get when they turn to you for professional help? When telling an employer about your professional goal, you can’t talk about anything else.

What are personal goals at work?

Personal goals at work- this is the result that the specialist himself acquires, thanks to the performance of his professional duties. This may be a personal reward, compensation, prospects for personal or professional growth and development, knowledge, skills, opportunities, etc., etc. What do you expect to get as a result of your work? The answer to this question is a description of your personal goal in the work. The most interesting thing is that such a result can be either developed by the specialist himself in the process of performing work (for example, the acquisition of certain personal and professional skills), or transferred to him by others as compensation or reward for the work performed (for example, wages, state bonus, opportunity learn at the expense of the organization or take a more responsible job). So, everything that a specialist expects to receive from others as compensation, remuneration, gratitude for his work, is otherwise called the expectation from work. For example, when applying for a job, you may expect a certain size wages, which will be accurately accrued to you by the employer. If you provide your income for yourself, and not with the help of the employer, then you are either a corrupt official or an individual entrepreneur (businessman or businesswoman). We highly recommend that you carefully read the article about job expectations, so as not to accidentally blurt out too much at the interview.

What are professional goals?

Goals of professional activity- these are the results that you get in the process of work and either pass it on to others or take it for yourself. The goals of professional activity are general concept, representing any results related to your work. Do you understand? That is, such goals can reflect both your personal expectations and professional intentions. At least together, at least separately, at least in a pure formulation (only a professional or only personal goal), even in a combined formulation (a goal that includes elements of both professional and personal goals in work). It may be one goal, or it may be whole list goals. But all of them must be directly related to your work. And here there is an interesting nuance.

Attention... Questions about the goals of work, job search, employment goals, etc., these are questions about the same thing - about the purpose of your professional activity. The wording changes depending on the circumstances in which the question is asked. For example, if you are looking for a job, you may be asked why you are doing this. For what purpose did you start looking for a job? .. If you entered into a dialogue about a possible employment, you may be asked about the purpose of employment. For what purpose did you decide to find a job?.. If you work, you may be asked about the purpose of your work. What goal do you pursue by performing your professional functions qualitatively? .. If you managed to find the right job, then the goal of finding a job, employment, the goal of work and professional activity will be almost the same. No wonder - this is the same goal, just from different angles.

By the way, questions like: “Why are you interested in this particular vacancy?” or “Why do you want to work in our organization?” are also questions that are closely related to your professional goals. Don't believe? And check. Why are you interested in this particular vacancy, what exactly do you like about it? If you are attracted to the opportunity to perform certain functions, to help certain people in solving certain problems in certain ways, most likely this vacancy allows you to realize your professional goal. Is not it? If you are attracted by the salary, the opportunity to gain some professional experience, the prospect of working in a large, stable, "cool" organization, etc., then this vacancy meets your expectations from work or will allow you to realize personal goals that you plan to achieve yourself. Right? And if you really hope to get this particular job, because you can do what you love and get a decent salary, then this vacancy simultaneously reflects your professional and personal interest, that is, it corresponds to the combined goal of your professional activity. You see, having properly formulated the goals of your professional activity, you can easily and naturally answer almost any question related not only to goals, but also to expectations, intentions, and interests in work. The only thing they will not touch is your goals, interests, intentions and plans that are not directly related to work.

What are life goals or goals in life?

Life goals or life goals- this is the result that you plan to achieve in the near or distant future in life in general. Such goals may be directly or indirectly related to your professional activities, or may not be related to it at all. All life goals that are not related to your work are called your private goals. These are, for example, goals that relate to your family, children, friends, home, property, travel, hobbies, health, after all. But there are nuances here that you should be aware of.

On the one hand, the question of life goals is much more democratic than professional goals or personal expectations. You yourself understand that life goals relate to absolutely all spheres of your life - private, personal, professional. On the other hand, precisely because of its "total democracy", such a question can turn out to be very tough. However, no guarantee of a trick or a secret intent can be given here. Therefore, we simply list the main reasons why this question is asked.

The question about life goals is most often asked to:

• save time on questions about individual goals, since when answering it becomes clear what exactly and in what particular area you intend to achieve;
• understand what exactly (private, personal, professional) interests you put at the forefront, and what you don’t really care about;
• find out if you are planning any major changes in your life in the near future that could affect the quality or duration of your work in the company;
• feel the scale of your personality, track the relationship, consistency and adequacy of the goals pursued.

The only thing we can remind you is that you are not obliged to tell your employer about private goals. When answering the question about life goals, you can talk about professional and personal intentions in work. If this information is not enough, the interlocutor will be forced to ask you a more direct question. Accordingly, it will be easier for you to figure out what exactly the representative of the organization is afraid of and respond in a way that will calm his fears. Most importantly, don't jump on the rampage. They ask, so for some reason it is important to them. Reply. After all, you wouldn't like their refusal to provide you with information that is important to you, such as the amount of earnings or the features of the functions that will be entrusted, either.

Can you be more specific about the purpose of the question?

Brief notes on answering questions about goals in the resume and at the interview

Let's sum up summary said. Let's make a small cheat sheet on what to answer in the resume and at the interview to questions about your goals.

• in response to a question about my professional goal, I speak about my main professional interests and intentions, namely:

About the problems and tasks that I want to work on,
- about the means and methods that I plan to use in my work,
- about the results that he intends to achieve by solving the tasks set,
- about people whom I expect to help, achieving the desired result in my work;
()

• in response to a question about a personal goal in the work, I talk about what I hope to acquire, thanks to the high-quality performance of my duties; in response to a question about my personal professional goal, I smile and talk about my professional goal ();
• in response to a question about my expectations from work, I talk about what I hope to receive from others as compensation, reward or gratitude for a job well done, that is, I talk about the component of my personal goal in work; if they ask about professional expectations, I will smile, say that I don’t have them, but I have professional intentions and talk about my professional goal ();
• in response to questions about the goals of professional activity, goals of work, job search or employment, I can talk about my professional and / or personal goals at work ();
• in the goal of the resume, I write the name of the desired job and add the most important elements of my professional and / or personal goal ().
• in response to questions about goals in life or life goals, I can safely talk about my private, personal and / or professional goals (there is nowhere to go in more detail);
• if I am not quite sure what exactly the interlocutor wants to know, I boldly ask a clarifying question - this is normal and professional.

All that remains now is to carefully read or listen to the question, understand what exactly the goal is and give the information that is required. The only thing, it is desirable to talk about the most important, the most important expectations and intentions. So important that if the vacancy you are considering does not allow them to be realized, most likely you will refuse this offer.

We remind you.

The site has specific methods with which you can clarify, concretize in work or find out the main interests.
Clearly understanding for the sake of achieving what kind of results you are doing (or intend to do) your work, you can use it.

Newborns usually have about 270 bones, most of which are very small. This makes the skeleton more flexible and helps the baby move through the birth canal and grow quickly. As we grow older, many of these bones fuse together. The skeleton of an adult consists of an average of 200-213 bones.

2. The Eiffel Tower grows 15 centimeters in summer

The huge structure is built with temperature expansion joints, thanks to which the steel can expand and contract without any damage.

When steel is heated, it begins to expand and takes up more volume. This is called thermal expansion. Conversely, a decrease in temperature leads to a decrease in volume. For this reason, large structures such as bridges are built with expansion joints that allow them to change in size without being damaged.

3. 20% of oxygen comes from the Amazon rainforest

The Amazon rainforest covers 5.5 million square kilometers. The Amazonian jungle produces a significant portion of the oxygen on Earth by absorbing vast amounts of carbon dioxide, which is why they are often called the lungs of the planet.

4. Some metals are so reactive that they explode even on contact with water.

Some metals and compounds - potassium, sodium, lithium, rubidium and cesium - exhibit increased chemical activity, therefore they can ignite with lightning speed upon contact with air, and if they are lowered into water, they can even explode.

5. A teaspoon of a neutron star would weigh 6 billion tons.

Neutron stars are the remnants of massive stars, consisting mainly of a neutron core covered with a relatively thin (about 1 km) crust of matter in the form of heavy atomic nuclei and electrons. The cores of stars that died during a supernova explosion were compressed under the influence of gravity. This is how superdense neutron stars were formed. Astronomers have found that the mass of neutron stars can be comparable to the mass of the Sun, despite the fact that their radius does not exceed 10–20 kilometers.

6. Each year, Hawaii moves closer to Alaska by 7.5 cm.

The earth's crust consists of several huge parts - tectonic plates. These plates are constantly moving along with the upper layer of the mantle. Hawaii is located in the middle part of the Pacific Plate, which is slowly drifting in a northwesterly direction towards the North American Plate, on which Alaska is located. Tectonic plates move at the same speed as human nails grow.

7. In 2.3 billion years, Earth will be too hot for life to exist.

Our planet will eventually become a vast desert, similar to today's Mars. For hundreds of millions of years, the Sun has been heating up, getting brighter and hotter, and will continue to do so. In about two billion years or more, temperatures will become so hot that the oceans that make Earth habitable will evaporate. The whole planet will turn into an endless desert. As scientists predict, in the next few billion years, the Sun will turn into a red giant and completely swallow the Earth - the planet will definitely come to an end.

Thermal imagers are able to identify an object by the heat it radiates. And polar bears are experts at keeping warm. Thanks to a thick layer of subcutaneous fat and a warm coat, bears are able to endure even the coldest days in the Arctic.

9. It takes light 8 minutes 19 seconds to travel from the sun to the earth.

It is known that the speed of light is 300,000 kilometers per second. But even with such dizzying speed, it will take time to overcome the distance between the Sun and the Earth. And 8 minutes is not so much on a cosmic scale. It takes 5.5 hours for sunlight to reach Pluto.

10. If you remove all the interatomic space, humanity will fit in a sugar cube

In fact, more than 99.9999% of an atom is empty space. An atom consists of a tiny, dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons that proportionally occupy more space. This is because electrons move in waves. They can only exist where the crests and troughs of the waves add up in a certain way. The electrons do not stay at one point, their location can be anywhere within the orbit. That is why they take up a lot of space.

11. Gastric Juice Can Dissolve Razor Blades

The stomach digests food thanks to the caustic hydrochloric acid with a high pH (hydrogen index) - from two to three. But at the same time, the acid also affects the gastric mucosa, which, however, is able to quickly recover. The lining of your stomach is completely renewed every four days.

Scientists have many versions of why this happens. The most likely: due to huge asteroids that have affected its course in the past, or due to the strong circulation of air currents in the upper atmosphere.

13. A flea can accelerate faster than a space shuttle.

Flea jumps reach breathtaking heights - 8 centimeters per millisecond. Each jump gives the flea an acceleration that is 50 times the acceleration of the spaceship.

What interesting facts do you know?