The army, to one degree or another, concerns every citizen, therefore, willy-nilly, people are aware of it. But after all, the army is a too generalized and abstract concept, which includes tanks and footcloths, nuclear weapons and stars on shoulder straps, and much more. In order to streamline the troops by type, establish a certain hierarchy and divide the territory of the state into controlled areas, there is a special term - the organizational structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. With its help, today we will find out what types and types of troops it consists of. modern army Russia, how many military districts our huge country is divided into, and also get acquainted with the system of command of the Russian troops.
The familiar army of Russia is, first of all, military organization, the date of creation of which is officially considered May 7, 1992 (on this day, the corresponding Decree of the President of the country was issued). The main purpose of the armed forces of the Russian Federation is to repel an attack from an external military source, as well as to preserve the integrity of the country's territory, in other words, defense. The list of missions of the aircraft also includes the guaranteed fulfillment of the tasks set on the basis of the international obligations of the Russian Federation.
Territorial structure
Let us first consider the territorial structure of the Russian Armed Forces. Its final formation took place relatively recently, during the military reform, so today's version is somewhat different from the structure, for example, 10 years ago. From a military point of view, the territory of the country is divided into 5 districts, in the department of each of which there are certain areas.
- West. This unit was formed in 2010 by merging the Moscow and Leningrad districts. All military formations located on the territory entrusted to the district, except for the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Forces, are subordinate to the commander. The Western Military District includes such regions as Kaliningrad, Kursk, Tver, Tambov, Pskov (plus several others), as well as the cities of the Moscow region and St. Petersburg and Leningrad region(the headquarters is located in the northern capital).
- South. The district was also formed in 2010, to replace the former North Caucasus. At the disposal of the commander there are troops located in the entrusted territory, except for the Strategic Missile Forces, the Airborne Forces and some other units subordinate to the central high command. The Southern Military District includes such republics as Dagestan, Adygea, Ingushetia, Kalmykia, Crimea (plus a few more), as well as 2 territories, 3 regions and the city of Sevastopol. The headquarters headed by the commander of the Southern Military District is located in Rostov-on-Don.
- Central. Year of foundation and formation - 2010. Previous units - Volga-Ural and Siberian (partially) districts. In terms of the entrusted territory, the Central Military District is the leader among the districts (about 40% of the entire territory of Russia is within its boundaries). The district includes such republics as Tatarstan, Khakassia, Mordovia, Mari El (and others). In addition, the composition includes 3 regions, 15 regions and 2 autonomous region A. The department of the Central Military District also has the Gatchina military base No. 201, stationed in Tajikistan. The headquarters is located in the city of Yekaterinburg.
- Oriental. A military unit was formed in 2010 from the second part of the Siberian Military District, as well as the Far East. The Eastern District ranks second in terms of the area of entrusted territory (about 7 million square kilometers). The VVO includes 2 republics, 4 territories, 3 regions, the Jewish Autonomy, as well as the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The headquarters, headed by the commander of the district, is located in Khabarovsk.
- Northernfleet. During the military reform in 2010 Northern Fleet together with the Baltic, it was decided to include in the ZVO, however, in 2014 a special strategic command "North" was created. As a result, the fleet became an independent military unit (in fact, it is the fifth military district). The headquarters of the IC "Sever" is located in the city of Severomorsk.
Composition of the army
The Russian army includes 3 types of armed forces (SV, VVS, Navy), as well as 3 types of troops directly subordinate to the central high command (Airborne Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, VKS). Consider each of the combat units in more detail.
Ground troops
SV are the largest type of military personnel. The main purpose of the SV is defensive actions (repelling an enemy attack on the country's territory), as well as a subsequent offensive (including the defeat of enemy units with the capture of territory). The SV includes the following types of troops:
- motorized rifle (infantrymen carrying out the offensive with the help of infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers);
- tank (the main goal is to break through the enemy line through the use of mobile equipment with a high degree of security);
- rocket and artillery (the task of these troops is to destroy enemy targets with fire at a long distance by means of rocket launchers and barrel launchers);
- air defense troops (protect the rest of the ground forces from attacks and bombing from the air and counteract enemy air reconnaissance).
As a rule, all the listed types of troops do not act separately, but are used together as a complex defense or offensive. Also, the SV includes highly specialized troops (for example, railway or engineering).
air force
By analogy with the ground forces, the Air Force is divided into branches of aviation, each of which performs its own specific tasks:
- long-range aviation (carries out strategic depth bombardment of economically important areas of the enemy);
- front-line (performs tasks at a shallower depth);
- army (supports ground forces through air bombardment of armored and mobile targets of the enemy);
- military transport (transports equipment, manpower and specialized cargo).
In addition, the air force includes such a subspecies as special aviation, as well as units of anti-aircraft missile and radio engineering troops.
Navy
This type of aircraft is a special force, the purpose of which is to protect the economic territory of the Russian Federation, located on the high seas. Also in the list of tasks assigned to the Navy in peacetime is the implementation of the search and rescue process.
The Navy of the Russian Federation has submarine and surface forces, coastal troops, as well as naval aviation. Geographically, the Navy is divided into 5 separately existing fleets located along all sea borders of Russia.
Airborne
These troops belong to the type of independent, subordinate to the central command. The main task of the fighters is the successful implementation of the landing on enemy territory with the subsequent conduct of military operations.
Strategic Missile Forces
It is also a type of troops subordinate to the high command. The main task of such troops is to deter possible aggression from an external enemy due to the nuclear potential of missiles, the introduction of which may have catastrophic consequences on a global scale.
Aerospace Forces
A relatively new type, which is also subordinate to the central high command. The task assigned to this type of troops is to identify the fact of a missile strike from a potential enemy, as well as the air defense of the city of Moscow.
Control system
Having learned what types and types of armed forces are available in the Russian army, it remains for us to find out how the highest hierarchy works. It looks like this. The Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the President of Russia. During peacetime, he determines the direction of the vector of military policy, approves state military programs, and personally approves the location of objects of high secrecy, including those containing nuclear warheads. The president also personally forms citizens for military service.
The second most important person in the country from a military point of view is the Minister of Defense. In his department are General base and the Ministry of Defense (the main organs of the central military administration). These institutions, in turn, house the highest commands of the types of troops. At the same time, the heads of the military districts are located in the headquarters located in the respective cities.
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It will not be superfluous to represent what their purpose is. This is necessary at least in order not to get into trouble by incorrectly naming them in a conversation.
What is the division of the armed forces?
They were formed depending on where the fighting takes place: at sea or on land, in the sky or in space. In this regard, the types of troops of the Russian Federation are distinguished. Their list is as follows: land and air forces, and the navy. Each of them is a complex structure formed from special branches of the military, which have a different purpose. All these types of troops differ in the type of weapons. The training of military personnel in each of them has its own specifics.
First type: ground forces
It forms the base of the army and is the most numerous. Its purpose is to conduct combat operations on land, hence the name. No other types of troops of the Russian Federation can compare with this, since it is distinguished by its versatile composition. It is distinguished by the great power of the strike. Land - these are the types of troops of the Russian Federation (the photo is presented in the article), which have excellent maneuverability and independence. In addition, they can act both separately and together with others. Their purpose is to repel the enemy invasion, to gain a foothold in positions, to attack enemy formations.
To date, there are such types of ground forces of the Russian Federation:
- mobile motorized rifle, tank and lightning missile troops, artillery and air defense, military command and control bodies;
- special forces, such as intelligence and communications, units technical support and engineering, divisions of protection against radiation, chemical and biological attack, logistics institutions.
What are motorized rifle and tank troops intended for?
These are the types of Russian troops that can perform various combat missions. From breaking through the enemy defenses and offensive to long-term and strong consolidation on the captured lines. A special place in these matters is allocated to tanks. Since their actions in the main areas of defense and offensive are characterized by maneuverability and speed in achieving the goal.
Motorized rifle units are distinguished by the fact that they can operate both independently and with the support of other RF Armed Forces. The types of troops that are now being considered are capable of withstanding weapons with any degree of damage, up to nuclear attacks.
But that's not all. The considered types and types of troops of the armed forces of the Russian Federation are equipped with weapons capable of inflicting significant damage to the enemy. For example, they have at their disposal automatic guns, artillery and anti-aircraft systems. They have combat vehicles and armored personnel carriers that allow them to move into the thick of the battle.
What are the missile and air defense forces intended for?
The former exist in order to carry out nuclear and fire strikes on enemy positions. With the help of missiles and artillery, you can hit the enemy in combined arms combat, as well as inflict damage in corps and front-line operations.
An important role in these matters is played by artillery, which is widely represented in anti-tank units using mortars, cannons and howitzers.
The types and types of troops of the Russian Federation associated with air defense bear the main burden in the matter of destroying the enemy in the air. The purpose of these units is to shoot down enemy planes and drones. Their structure includes parts that use anti-aircraft missiles and anti-aircraft artillery. Not the last place is occupied by the divisions of radio engineering, which provide proper communication. Air Defense Forces perform important function to cover the ground forces from possible air attacks enemy. This is expressed in the fight against the enemy landing on its route and at the time of their landing. And before that, they are obliged to conduct reconnaissance by radar in order to timely notify of a possible attack.
The role of the Airborne Forces and engineering troops
A special place is given to them. They combine all the best that the previously mentioned types of the RF Armed Forces can give. The branches of the Airborne Forces are equipped with artillery and anti-aircraft missiles. They have airborne combat vehicles and armored personnel carriers at their disposal. Moreover, a special technique has been created that allows using parachutes to land various cargoes in any weather on an arbitrary terrain. In this case, the time of day and the altitude of the aircraft do not play a role.
The tasks of the Airborne Forces are most often actions behind enemy lines aimed at disturbing his balance. With their help, the destruction of the enemy's nuclear weapons, the capture of strategically important points and facilities, as well as government agencies. They perform tasks to introduce an imbalance in the work of the rear of the enemy.
Engineering - these are the types and types of troops of the Russian Federation that carry out reconnaissance of the area. Their tasks include the construction of barriers, and, if necessary, their destruction. They clear mine areas and prepare the terrain for maneuvers. Crossings are established, with the help of which water barriers are overcome. By the forces engineering troops water supply points are organized.
Second type: Navy
These types and types of troops of the armed forces of the Russian Federation are designed to conduct combat operations and protect the country's territorial interests on water surface. also has the ability to deliver nuclear strikes against strategically important enemy targets. Its tasks also include the destruction of enemy forces on the high seas and at coastal bases. The Navy is designed to disrupt enemy communications in wartime and protect its own transportation. The fleet is able to provide serious support to ground forces during joint operations.
The Russian Navy today includes such Baltic, Black Sea, Pacific and Caspian. Each of them includes the following types of troops: submarine and surface forces, naval aviation and infantry, coastal missile and artillery units and service and material support units.
The purpose of each branch of the Navy
Those located on land are designed to defend the coast and objects located on the coast and of great importance. And without timely and full service, the naval bases will not be able to exist for a long time.
Surface forces are formed from ships and boats, which have a different focus from missile and anti-submarine to torpedo and landing. Their purpose is to search for and destroy enemy submarines and their ships. With their help, amphibious landings are carried out, as well as the detection and neutralization of sea mines.
Subdivisions with submarines, in addition to detecting enemy submarines, hit enemy ground targets. Moreover, they can act both independently and in combination with other troops of the Russian Federation.
The aviation of the navy consists of vehicles that can perform a missile-carrying or anti-submarine function. In addition, aviation performs reconnaissance missions. Aircraft naval troops serve to destroy the enemy surface fleet both in the open spaces of the ocean and at bases. It also plays an important role in covering Russian fleet during combat operations.
Third type: Air Force
These are the most mobile and maneuverable types and types of troops of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. Their main task is to ensure the security and protection of the country's territorial interests in the air. In addition, they are called upon to protect the administrative, industrial and economic centers of Russia. Their purpose is to protect other troops and ensure the success of operations. With their help, aerial reconnaissance, landing and defeat of enemy positions are carried out.
The Air Force is armed with combat and combat training aircraft, helicopters, transport and special equipment. In addition, they have at their disposal anti-aircraft guns and military equipment for special purposes.
There are such types of aviation: long-range and versatile front-line, transport and army. In addition to them, there are two more types of anti-aircraft troops: anti-aircraft and radio engineering.
What is the purpose of each of the branches of the Air Force?
The purpose of military transport aviation is to deliver cargo and troops to the landing site. Moreover, food with medicines, and military equipment can act as cargo.
Long-range aviation is the main strike force of the Air Force. Because it is capable of hitting any target with great efficiency.
Frontal aviation is divided into bomber and attack, reconnaissance and fighter. The first two provide air support to ground forces during any combat operations - from defense to attack. The third type of aviation carries out reconnaissance that meets the interests of Russia. The latter exists to destroy enemy aircraft in the air.
Fourth Type: Strategic Rocket Forces
Formed specifically to conduct operations in a nuclear war. They have automated missile systems at their disposal, which have high accuracy. And this is despite the huge flight range possible between the two continents. Today, the types and types of troops of the Russian Federation are very mobile and complementary. And some of them are changing. For example, from missile troops formed rocket and space forces. They became the basis for a new type of troops - space.
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Lesson type: lesson-lecture
Goals: to acquaint students with the structure, purpose and armament of the types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Lesson questions:
- Purpose, tasks and structure of the Ground Forces, the Air Force, the Navy
- Appointment of the Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces, Space Forces
- Tasks of the armed forces: border, civil defense, internal, railway
Lesson plan
- Organizing time
- Introduction to the lesson
- Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
- Other troops of the RF Armed Forces
- Types of troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
- Check of knowledge
- Homework
During the classes
Organizational moment: message of the topic of the lesson, work plan
Introduction to the lesson: teacher's message on the topic “Armies of the world: Interesting Facts”
(slides 3-10)
The most unusual maneuver before the attack
During the war of Russia against the Emirate of Bukhara in 1868, the infantry crossed the river right in front of the enemy's chest-deep water and occupied the height of Chapan-Ata in a bayonet attack. The maneuver was swift, there was no time to take off shoes and pour water. Therefore, the soldiers stood on their hands, while their comrades shook their legs.
A month later, in the battle, the Bukharians of the front ranks, approaching a rifle shot, stood up on their hands, and the rear began to conscientiously shake their legs.
They were firmly convinced that they had unraveled the Russian ritual that brought victory
The most unusual decree
Sew buttons on the front side of the sleeve of a soldier's uniform.
Purpose of the decree: to wean the soldiers, most of whom were recruited from the peasant environment, to wipe their mouths with their sleeves after eating, so that expensive cloth would last longer
The shortest war
In 1896, a war broke out between Britain and Zanzibar that lasted exactly 38 minutes.
Worst attack ever
During the Second World War, the Germans in Holland built a model airfield in great secrecy. Planes, hangars, cars, air defense systems - everything is made of wood. But one day an English bomber flew in and dropped a single bomb on the false airfield, after which the construction of the airfield stopped. The bomb was wooden
The most curious army laws
In Britain, only in 1947 was the post of a person obliged to fire a cannon at the time of Napoleon's invasion of England canceled
The most ridiculous war
In 1249, a soldier from Bologna fled to Modena, capturing an old oak tub from which he watered his horse. The authorities of Bologna demanded that they be given not a deserter, but a tub. Having been refused, Bologna began a war against Modena, which lasted 22 years and was accompanied by significant destruction. And the tub still remains in Modena and is stored in one of the towers of the city
The most unusual weapon
One Siamese king, retreating, ordered to fire at the enemy from cannons not with cannonballs, but with silver coins. Than completely disorganized the enemy and won the battle
Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Before studying the material, students are given a task in the form of tables, which they must fill in as the teacher explains the new material. (slide 11)
The Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin. The main functions of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces:
- Defense policy leadership
- Approval of plans for the construction and use of the army and navy
- Appointment and dismissal of high military command
- Assignment of higher military ranks
- Call for military service
- Declaring a state of war
- Orders of the Armed Forces for the conduct of hostilities (slide 12)
Direct leadership of the Armed Forces through the Ministry of Defense is carried out by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (slide 12)
Types of the Armed Forces are divided according to natural environments (slide 13) in which they must conduct armed confrontation with the enemy. Based on this, their weapons, tactics are determined combat use, organization and all other characteristics, down to the peculiarities of the form of clothing and food rations. The listed characteristics are also influenced by many other factors, among which the traditions that have developed over the entire history of the existence of the Aircraft Type are of decisive importance.
Ground forces (slides 14-25)
The history of the Ground Forces is the longest. Our ancestors, according to historians in the 5th-6th centuries, fought only on foot, practically without using cavalry. Therefore, the traditions expressed in the concepts of courage and resilience, self-sacrifice, military fraternity in the Ground Forces are expressed especially clearly.
Ground forces operate accordingly on land. They are designed for:
- Covering the State Border
- Reflections of the attacks of the aggressor
- Territory retention
- Defeat of groupings of troops
- Capturing enemy territory
The Ground Forces consist of military branches, special troops, formations, units of institutions and organizations of central subordination, and the rear of the Ground Forces.
Motorized infantry troops:
Designed to conduct combat operations independently, as well as in conjunction with other types of wax and special troops. The motorized rifle troops have motorized rifle, tank, missile, artillery, anti-aircraft missile units and units, as well as units of special troops and rear services.
Distinctive features are high mobility and maneuverability.
Tank forces:
They constitute the main striking force of the SV. They are used mainly in the main directions for delivering powerful and deep blows to the enemy.
Rocket troops and artillery:
They are the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy. They are called upon to solve fire missions in battle in the interests of other branches of the armed forces.
Air Defense Forces:
Designed to defeat an air enemy, cover groupings of troops, command posts, airfields and rear facilities from strikes.
Air Force (slides 26-34)
The Air Force is the youngest branch of the RF Armed Forces.
A great contribution to the creation of aviation was made by outstanding Russian scientists: N.E. Zhukovsky, K.E. Tsiolkovsky, S.A. Chaplygin. In 1882, naval officer A.F. Mozhaisky created the world's first aircraft. In 1913, the multi-engine aircraft "Russian Knight" was assembled, and later "Ilya Muromets". The advent of the jet engine caused a qualitative leap in the development of aviation. In 1946, the first jet-type aircraft Yak-15 and MiG-9 were launched into the air.
The modern structure of the Air Force was created in 1998 as a result of the merger of the Air Force and the Air Defense Forces.
Aviation types include: bomber, assault, fighter, reconnaissance, military transport, army, special.
The main tasks of the Air Force:
- Protecting the country from reconnaissance and air strikes
- Gaining air supremacy
- Defeat the enemy from the air
- Conducting integrated reconnaissance and performing special tasks
- Ensuring the actions of formations of the branches of the Armed Forces
Navy (slides 35 - 41)
On October 20, 1696, at the insistence of Peter I, the Boyar Duma adopted the historic decision “There will be sea vessels”. It is from this moment that the history of the development of the domestic navy begins.
The first permanent grouping of forces - the Azov Fleet - was formed from ships built in the winter of 1695-1696. Prior to the First World War, the fleet was homogeneous. Coastal troops (marines, coastal artillery) have existed since the beginning of the 18th century, they were not part of the fleet. On March 19, 1906, submarine forces were born and began to develop as a new branch of the Navy forces. 1914 - the first units of the Naval Aviation were formed. Mid-1930s - Naval aviation, coastal defense and air defense units became part of the Navy.
The regular Russian fleet for 3 centuries of its existence has covered itself with unfading glory. Gangut and Chesma, Sinop and Tendra, the defense of Sevastopol and Port Arthur are glorious pages of its history. The Russian Navy reached its greatest power in the second half of the 20th century. Wasn't on the globe not a single corner of the World Ocean, where our naval flag would not be present.
The Navy is intended for the armed protection of Russia's interests, for conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war.
The Navy is capable of inflicting nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transportation, assisting the Ground Forces, participating in repelling enemy landings, and performing other tasks.
The Navy organizationally includes the Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea fleets, as well as the Caspian military flotilla and the Leningrad naval base.
The role of the fleet in the history of Russia has always gone beyond the performance of purely military tasks. The presence of the fleet contributed to our country's active foreign policy. It has repeatedly become a deterrent for the enemy of our state in the event of a threat of war.
Other troops of the RF Armed Forces (slides 42-44)
In the structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, there are 3 types of troops that are not included in the branches of the Armed Forces. They are very different from each other in terms of tasks, structure and features of combat use, but they have one thing in common - they all act in the interests of the Armed Forces as a whole and are capable of performing their tasks both in cooperation with other components of the Armed Forces and independently. This independence in the performance of tasks, the specificity of the tasks themselves, required their separation into special structures.
Strategic Rocket Forces. Today, the Strategic Missile Forces are the main component of strategic nuclear forces, are armed with intercontinental combat missile systems of various types and are designed to destroy important enemy targets in a nuclear war, destroy its strategic and other means of nuclear attack, defeat large groupings of the Armed Forces, violate state and military control, and disorganize the rear.
space troops - a fundamentally new type of troops, which is designed to ensure the security of Russia in outer space. The main tasks of the Space Forces are: bringing information to the top military and political leadership of the country about a missile attack, missile defense of Moscow, the creation, deployment, maintenance and control of an orbital group of spacecraft.
Airborne Troops (VDV) - a mobile branch of the military, designed to perform combat missions behind enemy lines, as well as to act as a reserve of the Supreme High Command. The Airborne Forces can be used to: seize administrative and political centers, industrial facilities, enemy aviation and fleet base areas, capture and hold crossings on water barriers, mountain passes and passages, destroy nuclear attack weapons, disrupt command and control of troops and the enemy’s rear, disrupt the formation and the transfer of his reserves.
Types of troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (slides 45-49)
The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation are designed to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen from criminal and other unlawful encroachments. At the moment, the number of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is determined in the amount of 199,800 people. The special forces of the explosives are 16 mobile units.
Railway Troops are intended for restoration, construction, operation and technical cover railways used to provide transportation in wartime.
Border troops are designed to protect state borders on land, seas, rivers and lakes, as well as the continental shelf of the Russian Federation and their natural resources. The leadership of the border troops is carried out by the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. In Russia, the origin of the border service dates back to the 14th-15th centuries. In connection with the frequent raids of nomads on the southern and southeastern outskirts of the Moscow principality, from the 60s of the XIV century, guard posts and villages began to be set up. In the 16th century, the serif features were revived, and later, the fortified border lines and the performance of the border service took on the form of a public service.
Civil defense troops in peacetime participate in the aftermath emergencies: natural disasters, epidemics, major accidents and disasters that endanger public health and require emergency rescue operations. In the event of the outbreak of hostilities or the introduction of martial law by the President of the Russian Federation on the territory of the country or in its individual regions, the activities of the civil defense troops are carried out in full.
Intermediate knowledge test:
Checking the correctness of filling in tables by students, correcting errors (orally)
"Check yourself" (slides 50-62)
- Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
- Troops involved in maintaining public order?
- The branch of the armed forces responsible for the restoration, construction, operation of railways used to provide military transportation?
- To whom are the Border Troops subordinated and for what purpose?
- What are the types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
- Formulate the main tasks solved by the Air Force?
- What are the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
- What branch of the RF Armed Forces does the flag belong to?
- Who is directly in charge of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
- What is the purpose of the Russian Ground Forces?
- Name the branch of the armed forces subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation?
Homework: prepare a report on the exploits of sailors, pilots, border guards in wartime or peacetime.
Types of the Armed Forces are components, each of which is distinguished by a certain type and set of weapons, quantitative composition, specialized training and features of the service of the military included in its personnel. Each type of the Russian army is intended to carry out certain tasks in various fields.
Types of troops of the armed forces of the Russian Federation
The entire Army of the Russian Federation is built according to a clear hierarchy. Armed forces Russia is divided into three main types depending on the area in which fighting:
- Land;
- Air Force (Air Force);
- Navy (Navy);
- Strategic Rocket Forces (RVSN).
The structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is constantly developing and replenished with new types of weapons, military personnel are trained in new tactics and strategies for conducting combat.
The composition and purpose of the ground forces of the Russian Federation
The land units of the Russian Federation are the basis of the army and are the most numerous. The main purpose of this type is to conduct combat operations on land. The composition of these army units is also very diverse and includes several independent militarized areas.
One of the most important characteristics of this type is its independence and high maneuverability, which allows you to inflict significant damage to the enemy with the most effective and powerful blows. In addition, the uniqueness of the land army is that its units can effectively interact with other types of army units.
The main task assigned to them is to repulse the first blow of the enemy during the invasion, to consolidate in the recaptured positions and to attack enemy units.
In the ground forces, there are the following types:
Tasks of tank and motorized rifle units
These types of troops are most effective in battles, the purpose of which is to break through the enemy's defenses. Also, tank and motorized rifle battalions help other types of military units to gain a foothold on the conquered heights and lines.
At present, with the latest equipment Russian army, motorized rifle units are capable of repelling any type of air attack, up to nuclear. The technical equipment of our troops can deal a significant blow to the enemy army.
Rocket troops, artillery and air defense
The main task of this type of army units is to deliver fire and nuclear strikes against the enemy.
In most units designed to repel tank attacks, there are artillery units. They are equipped with the latest howitzers and cannons. Air defense units are engaged in the destruction of the enemy's air army directly in the air. Their units are already using anti-aircraft artillery and rockets. In addition, air defense units are designed to protect the ground army during enemy attacks from the air. And the radars available in service are effective for conducting reconnaissance activities and preventing possible enemy attacks.
VSN and ZAS
These units solve strategically important tasks, including intercepting and deciphering enemy communications during hostilities and obtaining data on enemy movement and attack patterns.
Tasks of the Airborne Forces and Engineering Troops
The Airborne Forces have always occupied a special place in the army. They include the best and most modern weapons: anti-aircraft missile systems, armored personnel carriers and airborne combat vehicles. Especially for this type of troops, a special technique was developed that allows using parachutes to lower various cargoes without taking into account the weather on almost any terrain.
The main tasks of the Airborne Forces are combat operations directly behind enemy lines. It is the Airborne Forces that are capable of destroying nuclear weapons, capturing and destroying the enemy's strategically important points, their command headquarters.
Engineer troops carry out military reconnaissance activities on the ground, prepare it for military maneuvers and demining if necessary. Also, these troops mount crossings for the army to overcome rivers.
Russian Air Force
The Air Force is distinguished by its high level maneuverability and mobility. The main task of this type of troops is to protect the airspace of our country. Also, the Air Force is effectively used in ensuring the security of the industrial and economic centers of the country in the event of a military attack.
In addition, the Air Force effectively protects other types of army units from enemy air attacks and contributes to the successful conduct of ground and water operations.
The Air Force is equipped with combat helicopters, special and transport equipment, training and combat aircraft, anti-aircraft equipment.
The main types of the Air Force are:
- army;
- distant;
- frontline;
- transport.
Also in the Air Force there are radio engineering and anti-aircraft units.
Navy
The troops that make up the Navy are also very diverse and perform various tasks.
Subdivisions deployed on land, are responsible for the defense of objects and cities located on the coast. In addition, these units are responsible for the timely maintenance of naval bases and ships.
Ships, aircraft carriers and boats form the surface part of the fleet, which also has many functions: from searching for and destroying enemy submarines to delivering and landing landing units on the enemy coast.
The navy also has its own aviation, which is designed not only to deliver missile strikes and destroy enemy ships, but also to carry out reconnaissance and defense of the fleet.
This type was specially created for combat operations in the conditions of a nuclear attack. The Strategic Missile Forces are equipped with the most modern missile systems, which are fully automated and the shells fired from them have a high accuracy of hitting the target.
At the same time, the range of finding the target does not have of great importance- the army even has intercontinental missiles at its disposal.
At present, with the development of the defense industry and the need that has arisen, a completely new one has been formed from this type of army units - the military space forces (VKS).
The country spares no expense for its own defenders. All of them are provided with a modern and convenient form, computer equipment and means of communication. Now it is no longer difficult to contact relatives via Skype in their free time from outfits and service, or to see relatives in contact on WhatsApp. Each part has a sanitary unit where a soldier can always receive high-quality medical care. The size of the Russian army is quite large, and this list includes many of the most experienced military leaders and talented strategists. Currently, being among the military has become prestigious and honorable.
Different units have their own official holiday date for the formation of their particular type of troops.
The Federation includes various troops (missile, ground, aerospace, etc.), and together they represent an organization for organizing the defense of the country. Their main task is to repel aggression and protect the territorial integrity of the state, however, in Lately tasks have changed a bit.
- Deterring not only military but also political threats to security.
- Implementation of military operations in non-war time.
- Ensuring the political and economic interests of the state.
- Use of force for security.
At the lessons of life safety, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is studied in grades 10-11. Therefore, this information should be known to all citizens of the Russian Federation.
A bit of history
The modern composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is indebted to history. It was formed depending on possible acts of aggression against the state. The most significant stage in the history of the development of the army is the victory at the Kulikovo field (1380), near Poltava (1709) and, of course, in the Great Patriotic war 1941-1945
A standing army in Russia was formed under Ivan the Terrible. It was he who began to create troops with centralized control and supply. In 1862-1874, a reform was carried out with the introduction of all-class military service, the principles of leadership were also changed, and technical re-equipment was carried out. However, after the revolution in 1917, the army was gone. Instead, the Red Army was formed, and then the USSR, which were divided into 3 types: land, air force and fleet.
Today, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has changed a little, but the main backbone has remained the same.
Ground troops
This species is the most numerous. It was created to be present on land and, by and large, the ground forces are the most important element of the army. It is impossible to capture and hold territories without this kind of troops, to repel the invasion of the landing force, etc. It is for these purposes that such units were created. In turn, they are divided into the following types:
- Tank forces.
- Motorized rifle.
- Artillery.
- Rocket troops and air defense.
- Special services.
- Signal Corps.
The largest personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes ground forces. This includes all types of military units listed above.
Tank (armored) troops. They represent the main striking force on earth and are an extremely powerful tool for solving problems of the first importance.
Motorized rifle troops are units with a large number of personnel and equipment. Their purpose is the independent conduct of hostilities over a large area, although they can act as support as part of other branches of the military.
Artillery and missile units always consist of formations, parts of tactical missiles, and artillery.
Air defense - troops providing protection for ground units and the rear from attacks from aircraft and other means of attack from the air. Special services perform highly specialized functions.
Military Space Force
Until 1997, they existed, but the Decree of the President of July 16, 1997 ordered the creation of a new type of aircraft. Since that time, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has changed somewhat: the Air Force and space defense units have merged. This is how the Aerospace Forces were formed.
They are engaged in reconnaissance of the aerospace situation, determining the probable start of an air or missile attack and notifying the military and government controlled. It goes without saying that the Russian Aerospace Forces are called upon, among other things, to repel aggression from the air or from space, even, if necessary, with the use of nuclear weapons.
The composition of the VKS
Modern videoconferencing of Russia include:
- Space troops.
- Air defense and missile defense troops.
- Military units of technical support.
- Communications and electronic warfare troops.
- Military educational institutions.
Each branch of the military has its own range of tasks. Air Force, for example, repel aggression in air environment, hit enemy targets and troops using conventional and nuclear weapons.
The Space Force monitors objects in space and detects threats to Russia from airless space. If necessary, they can parry possible blows. Also, space forces are entrusted with launching spacecraft(satellites) into the Earth's orbit, their control.
Fleet
The Navy is intended to protect the state from the sea and ocean, to protect the interests of the country in maritime areas. The Navy consists of:
- Four fleets: Black Sea, Baltic, Pacific and Northern.
- Caspian flotilla.
- Submarine forces, which are designed to destroy enemy boats, strike at surface ships and their groups, and destroy ground targets.
- Surface forces for strikes against submarines, amphibious landings, and counteraction to surface ships.
- Naval aviation for the destruction of convoys, submarine flotilla, ship groups, violation of enemy surveillance systems.
- Coastal troops, which are entrusted with the task of defending the coast and objects on the coast.
Rocket troops
The composition and organization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation also include missile troops, which may contain a land, air, and water component. primarily intended for the destruction of nuclear attack weapons, as well as enemy groupings. In particular, the main targets of the strategic missile forces are enemy military bases, industrial facilities, large groups, control system, infrastructure facilities, etc.
The main and important property of the Strategic Missile Forces is the ability to accurately strike with a nuclear weapon over vast distances (ideally, anywhere in the world) and simultaneously on all important strategic targets. They are also designed to create favorable conditions for other branches of the Armed Forces. If we talk about the organization of the Strategic Missile Forces, then they consist of units that are armed with medium-range missiles and units with intercontinental missiles.
The very first unit was formed on July 15, 1946. Already in 1947, a successful first test launch of the R-1 (ballistic) guided missile was made. By 1955, there were already several units that had long-range missiles. But literally 2 years later they conducted an intercontinental test, with several stages. It is noteworthy that she was the first in the world. After testing an intercontinental missile, it became possible to create a new branch of the military - a strategic one. This logical step was followed, and in 1960 another branch of the Armed Forces, the Strategic Missile Forces, was organized.
Long-range or strategic aviation
We have already talked about the Aerospace Forces, but we have not yet touched on such a branch of the troops as long-range aviation. It deserves a separate chapter. The structure and composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes strategic bombers. It is noteworthy that only two countries of the world have them - the USA and Russia. Together with intercontinental missiles and submarine missile carriers, strategic bombers are part of the nuclear triad and are primarily responsible for the security of the state.
The composition and tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in particular, long-range aviation, is to bombard important military-industrial facilities behind enemy lines, destroy its infrastructure and large concentrations of troops, military bases. The targets of these aircraft are power plants, factories, bridges, and entire cities.
Such aircraft are called strategic bombers because of the ability to make intercontinental flights and use nuclear weapons. Some types of aircraft can use it, but are unable to make intercontinental flights. They are called long-range bombers.
A few words about the TU-160 - "White Swan"
Speaking of long-range aviation, one cannot fail to mention the Tu-160 missile carrier with a variable wing geometry. In history, it is the largest, most powerful and heaviest supersonic aircraft. Its feature is swept wing. Among the existing strategic bombers, it has the largest takeoff weight and combat load. The pilots gave him the nickname - "White Swan".
Armament TU-160
The aircraft is capable of carrying up to 40 tons of weapons, including different types guided missiles, free-fall bombs and nuclear weapons. The bombs of the "White Swan" bear the unofficial name of "weapons of the second stage", that is, they are intended to destroy targets that have survived after a missile strike. Its huge arsenal is capable of carrying the Tu-160 aircraft, which is why its strategic status is fully justified.
In total, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include 76 such bombers. But this information is constantly changing due to the decommissioning of old aircraft and the acceptance of new aircraft.
We have described the main points regarding the purpose and composition of the Russian Federation, but in fact the armed forces are an extremely complex structure, which is understood from the inside only by specialists directly related to it.