Back forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested this work, please download the full version.

Lesson type: lesson-lecture

Goals: introduce students to the structure, purpose and armament of the branches and branches of the RF Armed Forces

Lesson questions:

1. Purpose, tasks and structure of the Ground Forces, Air Force, Navy
2. Purpose of the Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces, Space Forces
3. Tasks of the military branches: border, civil defense, internal, railway

Lesson Plan

1. Organizing time
2. Introduction to the lesson
3. Types of the RF Armed Forces
4. Other troops of the Russian Armed Forces
5. Branches of the Russian Armed Forces
6. Check of knowledge
7. Homework

During the classes

Organizational moment: communication of the lesson topic, work plan

Introduction to the lesson: teacher’s message on the topic “Armies of the World: Interesting Facts”

(slides 3-10)

The most unusual maneuver before an attack

During the Russian war against the Bukhara Emirate in 1868, the infantry, right in front of the enemy’s eyes, crossed the river in chest-deep water and occupied the heights of Chapan-Ata in a bayonet attack. The maneuver was swift, there was no time to take off shoes and pour out water. Therefore, the soldiers stood on their hands, while their comrades shook their legs.

A month later, in battle, the Bukharans in the front rows, approaching a rifle shot, stood on their hands, and the rear ones began to conscientiously shake their legs.

They were firmly convinced that they had unraveled the Russian ritual that brought victory

The most unusual decree

Sew buttons onto the front side of the sleeve of a soldier's uniform.

Purpose of the decree: to wean soldiers, most of whom were recruited from peasant backgrounds, from wiping their mouths with their sleeves after eating, so that expensive cloth would last longer

The shortest war

In 1896, a war broke out between Britain and Zanzibar that lasted exactly 38 minutes.

The most fake attack

During World War II, the Germans built a mock-up of an airfield in Holland in great secrecy. Airplanes, hangars, cars, air defense systems - everything is made of wood. But one day an English bomber arrived and dropped a single bomb on the false airfield, after which construction of the airfield stopped. The bomb was wooden

The most curious army laws

In Britain, only in 1947, the position of the person obliged to fire a cannon at the time of Napoleon’s invasion of England was abolished

The most ridiculous war

In 1249, a soldier from Bologna fled to Modena, seizing an old oak tub from which he watered his horse. The authorities of Bologna demanded that they hand over not a deserter, but a tub. Having received a refusal, Bologna began a war against Modena that lasted 22 years and was accompanied by significant destruction. And the tub still remains in Modena and is stored in one of the city’s towers

The most unusual weapon

One Siamese king, retreating, ordered that the enemy be fired from cannons not with cannonballs, but with silver coins. How he completely disorganized the enemy and won the battle

Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Before studying the material, students are given a task in the form of tables, which they must fill out as the teacher explains new material (slide 11)

The Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is Russian President V.V. Putin. The main functions of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces:

1. Management of the implementation of defense policy
2. Approval of plans for the construction and use of the army and navy
3. Appointment and dismissal of positions of high military command
4. Assignment of higher military ranks
5. Conscription
6. Declaration of a state of war
7. Orders of the Armed Forces for the conduct of military operations (slide 12)

Direct leadership of the Armed Forces through the Ministry of Defense is exercised by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (slide 12)

The branches of the Armed Forces are divided by natural environment (slide 13), in which they must conduct armed confrontation with the enemy. Based on this, their weapons and tactics are determined combat use, organization and all other characteristics, down to the specifics of clothing and food rations. The listed characteristics are influenced by many other factors, among which the traditions that have developed over the entire history of the existence of the Armed Forces are of decisive importance.

Ground forces (slides 14-25)

The history of the Ground Forces is the longest. Our ancestors, according to historians in the 5th-6th centuries, fought only on foot, practically without using cavalry. Therefore, the traditions expressed in the concepts of courage and perseverance, self-sacrifice, and military brotherhood in the Ground Forces are especially vividly expressed.

Ground forces operate on land accordingly. They are intended for:

• Covering the State Border
• Reflecting the aggressor's blows
• Retention of occupied territory
• Defeat of troop groups
• Capturing enemy territory

The Ground Forces consist of combat arms, special troops, formations, units of centrally subordinate institutions and organizations, and the rear of the Ground Forces.

Motorized rifle troops:

Designed to conduct combat operations independently, as well as together with other military branches and special troops. The motorized rifle troops have motorized rifle, tank, missile, artillery, anti-aircraft missile units and units, as well as special forces and logistics units.

Distinctive features are high mobility and maneuverability.

Tank forces:

They constitute the main strike force of the SV. They are used primarily in the main directions to deliver powerful and deep blows to the enemy.

Rocket troops and artillery:

They are the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy. Called upon to solve fire missions in combat in the interests of other branches of the military.

Air Defense Forces:

Designed to destroy enemy airborne forces, to protect troop groups, command posts, airfields and rear facilities from attacks.

Air Force (slides 26-34)

The Air Force is the youngest branch of the Russian Armed Forces.

Outstanding Russian scientists made a great contribution to the creation of aviation: N.E. Zhukovsky, K.E. Tsiolkovsky, S.A. Chaplygin. In 1882, naval officer A.F. Mozhaisky created the world's first airplane. In 1913, the multi-engine aircraft “Russian Knight” was assembled, and later “Ilya Muromets”. The advent of the jet engine caused a qualitative leap in the development of aviation. In 1946, the first jet aircraft Yak-15 and MiG-9 were flown into the air.

The modern structure of the Air Force was created in 1998 as a result of the merger of the Air Force and the Air Defense Forces.

The types of aviation include: bomber, attack, fighter, reconnaissance, military transport, army, special.

The main tasks of the Air Force:

• Protecting the country from reconnaissance and air strikes
• Gaining air superiority
• Defeat the enemy from the air
• Conducting comprehensive reconnaissance and performing special tasks
• Ensuring the actions of formations of the Armed Forces

Navy(slides 35 – 41)

On October 20, 1696, at the insistence of Peter I, the Boyar Duma made the historic decision “There will be sea vessels.” It is from this moment that the history of the development of the domestic navy begins.

The first permanent grouping of forces - the Azov Fleet - was formed from ships built in the winter of 1695-1696. Before the First World War, the fleet was homogeneous. Coastal troops (marines, coastal artillery) existed since early XVIII centuries, were not part of the fleet. On March 19, 1906, a new branch of the Navy was born and began to develop - the submarine force. 1914 - the first units of Naval Aviation were formed. Mid-1930s - the Navy included naval aviation, coastal defense and air defense units.

Over the 3 centuries of its existence, the regular Russian fleet has covered itself with unfading glory. Gangut and Chesma, Sinop and Tendra, the defense of Sevastopol and Port Arthur are glorious pages of its history. The Russian Navy reached its greatest power in the second half of the 20th century. Wasn't on globe not a single corner of the World Ocean where our naval flag is not present.

The Navy is intended for the armed defense of Russia's interests and for conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war.

The Navy is capable of launching nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting ocean and maritime communications and protecting its maritime transport, assisting the Ground Forces, participating in repelling enemy landings and performing other tasks.

The Navy organizationally includes the Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea fleets, as well as the Caspian military flotilla and the Leningrad naval base.

The role of the fleet in the history of Russia has always gone beyond the scope of its purely military tasks. The presence of the fleet contributed to our country's active foreign policy. He has more than once become a deterrent for the enemy of our state when the threat of war arose.

Other troops of the Russian Armed Forces (slides 42-44)

In the structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation there are 3 types of troops that are not included in the branches of the Armed Forces. They are very different from each other in tasks, structure and features of combat use, but they have one thing in common - they all act in the interests of the Armed Forces as a whole and are capable of performing assigned tasks both in cooperation with other components of the Armed Forces and independently. This independence in performing tasks, the specificity of the tasks themselves, required their separation into special structures.

Strategic Missile Forces. Today the Strategic Missile Forces is the main component of strategic nuclear forces, are armed with intercontinental combat missile systems of various types and are designed to destroy important enemy targets in a nuclear war, destroy his strategic and other means of nuclear attack, defeat large groups of armed forces, disrupt state and military control, and disorganize the rear.

Space Force - a fundamentally new branch of the military, which is designed to ensure the security of Russia in outer space. The main tasks of the Space Forces are: communicating warnings to the country's top military-political leadership about a missile attack, missile defense of Moscow, creating, deploying, maintaining and managing an orbital constellation of spacecraft.

Airborne troops (VDV) - a mobile branch of troops designed to perform combat missions behind enemy lines, as well as to act as a reserve of the Supreme High Command. Airborne forces can be used for: capturing administrative and political centers, industrial facilities, basing areas of enemy aviation and naval forces, seizing and holding crossings on water barriers, mountain passes and passages, destroying nuclear attack weapons, disrupting enemy command and control and rear operations, disrupting formation and the transfer of its reserves.

Branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (slides 45-49)

The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation are intended to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen from criminal and other unlawful attacks. At the moment, the number of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is determined at 199,800 people. The VV special forces comprise 16 mobile units.

Railway troops are intended for restoration, construction, operation and technical cover railways, used to provide transportation in wartime.

Border troops are designed to protect state borders on land, seas, rivers and lakes, as well as the continental shelf of the Russian Federation and their natural resources. The management of the border troops is carried out by the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. In Russia, the origins of the border service date back to the 14th and 15th centuries. In connection with the frequent raids of nomads on the southern and south-eastern outskirts of the Moscow principality, from the 60s of the 14th century, guard posts and villages began to be set up. In the 16th century, serif lines were revived, and later, border fortified lines and border service took on the form of public service.

In peacetime, civil defense troops participate in the liquidation of consequences emergency situations: natural disasters, epidemics, major accidents and disasters that threaten public health and require emergency rescue operations. In the event of the outbreak of hostilities or the introduction of martial law by the President of the Russian Federation on the territory of the country or in its individual regions, the activities of civil defense troops are carried out in full.

Intermediate knowledge test:

Checking that students have filled out the tables correctly, correcting errors (orally)

"Check yourself" (slides 50-62)

1. Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Russian Federation?
2. Troops taking part in maintaining public order?
3. The branch of the military responsible for the restoration, construction, operation of railways used to provide military transportation?
4. Who are the Border Troops subordinated to and what are they intended for?
5. What are the types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
6. Formulate the main tasks solved by the Air Force?
7. What are the branches of the Russian Armed Forces?
8. Which branch of the Russian Armed Forces does the flag belong to?
9. Who exercises direct control of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
10. What is the purpose of the Russian Ground Forces?
11. Name the branch of the military subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation?

Homework: prepare a report on the exploits of sailors, pilots, and border guards in war or peacetime.

In the political arena of any state there is always that type of internecine conflict that is quite difficult to resolve through diplomatic means. Due to certain circumstances of external relations, most world countries prefer to maintain their own troops, which, if necessary, can be used for the defense and defense of the state.

Military arsenal of the countries of the world

Nowadays, several states compete in the struggle for superiority in the number and power of the armed forces, including:

• China;
• Russia;
• Türkiye;
• Japan.

The United States achieved its leadership position through high development research and development industry, the maintenance of which comes from the federal budget. Unfortunately, the Russian Federation is significantly inferior to both the United States and China in terms of military equipment, but the main advantage in the Russian army is its many years of experience gained from the wars of the previous century.

In the event of a military threat, Russia has the opportunity to field an army whose size is 2 times larger than the size of the army trained by the United States. The population size plays a significant role in this balance of forces, and our country is in an advantageous position in this aspect.

Despite time-hardened and honed combat skills, Russian discipline is significantly inferior to Japanese, which somewhat undermines its global military authority. But, nevertheless, our country is still among the most strong powers According to the position of the army, it is in charge of the most a large number of nuclear weapons, and in this aspect it is the absolute leader.

The number of staff of the Russian army

As of 2018, the total number of Russian troops consists of more than a million soldiers, which puts the country in third position in terms of expenditure in this area of ​​activity. The most numerous at the moment are the ground forces - about 400 thousand people. Aviation and navy have approximately the same number of military personnel, 150 thousand in each branch of the military. This distribution is due to the fact that armies operating on land are capable of performing a much wider range of military tasks; they have the prerogative to act more quickly than units with a specific function.

Compared to other types of troops, they have certain advantages, for example, tank divisions are aimed at locations in which there is a high probability of breaking through the defenses of a potential enemy, that is, their actions imply multi-stage preparation and include more opportunities and ways to achieve the goal. But at the same time, ground forces are not omnipresent; there are territories where they are practically useless.

At such locations, bombers and fighters come into play if the goal is to destroy enemy ammunition or equipment that may be located in hard-to-reach places. The navy's readiness to take advantageous positions on the water will allow it to gain advantages over the enemy for subsequent missions. In recent years, the renewal of air and naval forces in Russia has been ongoing, methods of warfare are being modernized, and their condition is being continuously monitored. As a result, high professional competence military personnel.

The space force, consisting of just over 120 thousand people, was created in the staff of active military units with the purpose of detecting enemy missile installations. Their responsibilities include providing information to the General Staff about the likelihood of missile attacks and recognizing threats that could come from space by monitoring the behavior of space objects.

The smallest are airborne troops, their total number is 35 thousand soldiers. The military tasks of this unit are one-sided, so the percentage in the total number of Russian armies is minimal.

Reserve of mobilization troops of the Russian Federation

Along with the active army, Russia has a potential and organized reserve. In estimating how many people might be called up to serve in a martial law situation, experts put the figure at 31 million. According to statistical indicators, in Russia 2018 shows a tendency for this number to decrease by 4 times, and a further reduction in the potential reserve is expected.

Experts count 20 thousand people as an organized group. An elementary explanation for this is that there is no need for additional numbers of people, because a direct threat from other states is not expected in the near future.

Proposed changes in the Russian army

Russia's military training in the future includes a number of reforms. Compared to the data for 2017, the domestic army has increased by 250 thousand armed fighters, so a shortage of so-called “non-combat” military specialties has arisen, and in the future the focus in subsequent recruitments will be on them. An attempt was made to reduce the number of military personnel involved in some ranks. For example, it was planned to replace warrant officers with sergeants as an alternative, but this technique was a fiasco, since most of the sergeants did not enter into a long-term contract for further service.

The size of the Russian army cannot but affect the composition of military equipment. This includes the creation of reliable and safe ammunition storage bases, optimization of military construction, and it is planned to introduce new models of tanks, aircraft, and anti-aircraft guns. However, currently, compared to foreign analogues, weapons Russian army requires additional scientific and technical developments.

Ultimately, the number of RF Armed Forces for last years has reached the quantitative size with which the country is able to compete with Western and Eastern states. The total amount of money allocated to improve Russia's security has increased by 50% over the past five years, but this is still not enough for the military purchases required today. The Russian Army needs a rational distribution of the financial fund between its real needs. This constitutes one of the main shortcomings of the country's modern military training, although the corresponding issue has already been raised in the highest authorities.

In general, the military leadership of the Russian Federation is undeniable. Our state has managed to achieve a level of modification at which it has clear advantages, mainly due to the disposal of the most powerful nuclear weapons in the world. According to experts, Russia adequately ensures the security of its citizens.

The branches of the Armed Forces are component parts, each of which is distinguished by a certain type and set of weapons, quantitative composition, specialized training and characteristics of the service of the military personnel included in its personnel. Each type of Russian army is intended to carry out certain tasks in various fields.

Branches of the armed forces of the Russian Federation

The entire Army of the Russian Federation is structured according to a clear hierarchy. The Russian armed forces are divided into three main types depending on the area in which they are fought. fighting:

• Land;
• Air Force (AF);
• Navy (Navy);
• Rocket Forces strategic purpose(Strategic Missile Forces).

The structure of the Russian Armed Forces is constantly developing and replenished with new types of weapons, military personnel are trained in new tactics and strategies for combat.

Composition and purpose of the Russian Ground Forces

The ground units of the Russian Federation are the basis of the army and are the most numerous. The main purpose of this type is to conduct combat operations on land. The composition of these army units is also very diverse and includes several independent militarized areas.

One of the most important characteristics of this type is its independence and high maneuverability, which allows it to inflict significant damage on the enemy with the most effective and powerful blows. In addition, the uniqueness of the ground army is that its units can effectively interact with other types of army units.

The main task assigned to them is to repel the enemy's first strike during the invasion, consolidate their positions and attack enemy units.

In the ground forces there are the following types:

Tasks of tank and motorized rifle units

These types of troops are most effective in battles where the goal is to break through enemy defenses. Also, tank and motorized rifle battalions help other types of military units gain a foothold on the conquered heights and lines.

Currently, taking into account the most modern equipment of the Russian army, motorized rifle units are capable of repelling any type of air attacks, up to nuclear. The technical equipment of our troops can deal a significant blow to the enemy army.

Missile forces, artillery and air defense

The main task of this type of army units is to deliver fire and nuclear strikes against the enemy.

Most units designed to repel tank attacks have artillery units. They are equipped with the latest models of howitzers and cannons. Air defense units are engaged in destroying the enemy's air army directly in the air. Their units already use anti-aircraft artillery and missiles. In addition, air defense units are designed to protect the ground army during enemy air attacks. And the radars in service are effective for conducting reconnaissance activities and preventing possible enemy attacks.

VSN and ZAS

These units perform strategically important tasks, including intercepting and deciphering enemy communications during combat operations and obtaining data on their movement and attack patterns.

Tasks of the Airborne Forces and Engineering Troops

The Airborne Forces have always occupied a special place in the army. They include the best and most modern weapons: anti-aircraft missile systems, armored personnel carriers and airborne combat vehicles. Especially for this type of troops, a special technique was developed that allows using parachutes to lower various loads without taking into account the weather on almost any terrain.

The main tasks of the Airborne Forces are combat operations directly behind enemy lines. It is the Airborne Forces that are capable of destroying nuclear weapons, capturing and destroying strategically important enemy points and their command headquarters.

The Engineering Troops carry out military reconnaissance activities on the ground, prepare it for military maneuvers and clear mines if necessary. These troops also install crossings for the army to cross rivers.

Russian Air Force

The Air Force is distinguished by its high level maneuverability and mobility. The main task of this type of troops is to protect the airspace of our country. The Air Force is also effectively used to ensure the security of the country's industrial and economic centers in the event of a military attack.

In addition, the Air Force effectively protects other branches of the Army from enemy air attacks and contributes to the successful conduct of land and water operations.

The Air Force equipment includes combat helicopters, special and transport equipment, training and combat aircraft, anti-aircraft equipment.

The main types of air force are:

• army;
• distant;
• frontline;
• transport.

The Air Force also has radio engineering and anti-aircraft units.

Navy

The troops that make up the Navy are also very diverse and perform different tasks.

Divisions stationed on land, are responsible for the defense of facilities and cities located on the coast. In addition, these units are responsible for the timely maintenance of Navy bases and ships.

Ships, aircraft carriers and boats form the surface part of the fleet, which also carries out many functions: from searching for and destroying enemy submarines to delivering and landing landing units on enemy shores.

The Navy also has its own aviation, which is designed not only to launch missile strikes and destroy enemy ships, but also to carry out reconnaissance and fleet defense.

This type was specially created for combat operations in the event of a nuclear attack. The Strategic Missile Forces are equipped with the most modern missile systems, which are fully automated and the shells fired from them have high accuracy in hitting the target.

In this case, the range of finding the target does not have of great importance- The army even has intercontinental missiles at its disposal.

Currently, with the development of the defense industry and the need that has arisen, a completely new type of army unit has been formed - the military space forces (VKS).

The country spares no expense on its own defenders. All of them are provided with modern and convenient uniforms, computer equipment and communications. Nowadays it is no longer difficult to contact relatives via Skype during free time from work or duty, or to see loved ones via WhatsApp. Each unit has a medical unit, where a soldier can always receive quality medical care. The size of the Russian army is quite large and this list includes many experienced military leaders and talented strategists. Nowadays, being among the military personnel has become prestigious and honorable.

Various units have their own official holiday date for the formation of their particular type of troops.

Many people ignorant of military affairs may wonder what kind of troops the Russian army has. The answer here is very simple - Russian units include elite troops, ground units, navy, and aviation. Each part performs its own function. For large units (navy, air force, ground forces), there are support departments such as air defense, artillery. Many parts are intertwined.

TO modern look shelves began to arrive after the collapse Russian Empire. The final division of troops, according to Wikipedia and other open sources, was established in the early 2000s, when the last reform of the Main Military Directorate took place.

General structure of the Russian Army

The strength of the RF Armed Forces as of 2017 is 798 thousand military personnel. Most of them are employed in the ground forces. The structure of the RF Armed Forces in 2017, despite the reduction in the number of employees, has not changed and remains the same since the reform was carried out in the 2000s. What troops are there in the Russian army:

• ground troops;
• military air fleet;
• Navy.

Separately, it is necessary to consider elite units - the fourth point in the general structure. This includes the space forces, whose members do not perform military functions, these are astronauts and employees who ensure the creation and dispatch of space rockets. Members of these units do not need to be armed, but they do receive military awards and badges.

The Russian military forces are commanded by the Main Directorate (GOU), which is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. This body coordinates troop units in war and peacetime and determines their tasks.

The main tasks of the units according to the latest list of goals from the Ministry of Defense:

1. Ground units - providing anti-tank protection, foot offensive, border protection, reconnaissance operations, counter-terrorism, for example, in Syria.
2. Aviation – ensuring air security, hitting targets at long distances, transporting military units and military cargo.
3. Elite units - technical support armies, space exploration (for space forces), missile support.
4. Navy - protection of maritime borders, military maritime transport, transportation of military and important cargo, supply of weapons, resolution of military conflicts, naval security.

On land and naval forces also assigned the responsibility of providing anti-terrorism protection. Naval personnel accompany ships in hazardous areas, the ground forces are engaged in searching for and eliminating terrorist groups along with the police.

The composition of the Russian army changes every year. In 2016, there were about one million military personnel, and by 2017 the number of employees decreased by 100 thousand. It must be taken into account that some of them are conscripts undergoing military service.

The number of conscripts annually decreases by several tens of thousands of people, which can explain the reduction in the number of employees. They ensure an increase in the entire structure of troops in the Russian army according to the list above: conscripts replenish the composition of both land, sea and air forces, can be in artillery, infantry or motorized rifle units.

Each unit is controlled by its own command staff of the RF Armed Forces (officers). For the navy these are admirals, for ground units - generals. The entire volume of troops of the Russian army is subordinated first of all to the President of the Russian Federation, then to the Ministry of Defense.

Schemes of the military structure of Russia

You can represent the structure of the RF Armed Forces 2017 with a diagram to make it more visual and understandable.

The most extensive body of the army is the ground forces.

For an even more clear explanation of the structure of the aircraft, you can download a short video at this topic. All units are divided into lower units - battalions, companies, platoons, brigades.

Due to the large ramifications of the Russian military network, the country annually spends a large sum on providing troops. Data on military spending is presented in the presentation of the overall budget schedule for 2017 in the expenditure column. 1021 billion rubles are spent on military needs (defense). A portion of security funds is spent on supporting intelligence groups.

The military structure is the most specific among other bodies. The military even has one, which is separate from the Supreme Court of Russia.

Ground units

The structure of this division includes several auxiliary departments:

• motorized rifle units;
• artillery;
• tank forces;
• air defense installations.

The main tasks are performed by motorized rifle units. They are responsible for the tasks of a forced, quick attack, reconnaissance and destruction of enemy infantry. The main goal is to capture enemy territories. Tank troops are allocated to support motorized rifle units. They strengthen offensive positions and help protect captured territories.

Tank forces are mostly used for strategic purposes to abruptly break through blockades and echelons. They attack from the flanks or attack head-on. The main advantage of these units is high damage, an armored hull, and the ability to destroy not only enemy military personnel, but also equipment and important enemy defense systems. Disadvantage: lack of maneuverability.

Artillery installations are used to destroy enemy points from a long distance. Artillery is difficult to destroy, so a small amount of equipment and personnel is enough to ensure defense. The destruction of artillery points is complicated by the fact that they are installed in hidden high locations.

Air defenses are used to provide airspace protection while other units are attacking. They prevent mortar strikes from the air, the landing of nuclear missiles, and the release of precision projectiles. Air defenses are capable of shooting down not only bombers, but also enemy cargo or military passenger aircraft.

Navy

There are several divisions in the naval units. The first is the coastal troops, which guard the Russian-Japanese, Russian-Ukrainian and other maritime borders and defend Russian national interests in the maritime sphere. The composition of military personnel in this unit is significant and almost not inferior to the “dry” unit.

Another service option is . These soldiers provide security for ships and act as defenders in maritime conflicts. And finally, the sailors themselves who serve on warships.

People who want to serve in the navy are subject to high requirements - tall height, improved health characteristics, developed muscles. The candidate must show that he is mentally stable; It is best if he began preparing for service as a child. Such a policy is associated with a high risk of injury in the maritime fleet and the presence of overload. Due to the increased danger of service, the military of these units retire from 30 years of age.

The fleet is located at all maritime sites accessible to Russian employees - the Black Sea, the Baltic, Pacific Ocean. Some employees collaborate or come into contact with navigators from NATO countries.

Aviation and elite troops

Aviation can be long-range, front-line and army. Long range hits targets at a great distance. The front line provides an attack, dropping mines directly above the target. Army aviation provides cargo and military personnel. Air defense installations are always used together with aviation (when defending positions).

Individual elite units include space forces, special forces, and privileged structures. They carry out the tasks of ensuring internal and external security, and the space forces are responsible for scientific activity and space exploration.

The military structure of the Russian army is dynamic and may soon undergo reforms again, this is due to modernization, new management requirements, and new opportunities in the technical field.

The Federation, unofficially called the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, whose number in 2017 is 1,903,000 people, is supposed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation, protect its territorial integrity and the inviolability of all its territories, and carry out tasks in accordance with international treaties.

Start

Created in May 1992 from the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union Socialist Republics, the RF Armed Forces at that time had a much larger number. It consisted of 2,880,000 people and had the largest stockpiles of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction in the world, as well as a well-developed system in the means of delivering them. Now the RF Armed Forces regulate the number in accordance with the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.

There are currently 1,013,000 military personnel in the Armed Forces since the last published presidential decree came into force in March 2017. The total strength of the RF Armed Forces is indicated above. Military service in Russia is carried out both by conscription and by contract, and in recent years it has prevailed. Upon conscription, young people go to serve in the army for one year, their minimum age is eighteen years. For Russian military personnel, the maximum age is sixty-five years. Cadets at special military schools may be slightly younger than eighteen years of age at the time of enrollment.

How does picking happen?

The army, air force and navy accept officers into their ranks for service solely and exclusively on a contract basis. This entire corps is trained in relevant higher educational institutions, where upon graduation cadets are awarded the rank of lieutenant. During the period of study, second-year students enter into their first contract for five years, thus, service begins within the walls of a military educational institution. Citizens who are in reserve and have officer rank, often replenish the number of personnel of the RF Armed Forces. They can also enter into a contract to pass military service. Including those graduates who studied at military departments of civilian universities and were assigned to the reserves after graduation, also have the right to conclude a contract with the Armed Forces.

This also applies to the faculties of military training and its cycles during military training centers. Junior command and rank and file personnel can be recruited both by contract and by conscription, to which absolutely all male citizens from eighteen to twenty-seven years of age are subject. They serve for conscription for one year (calendar), and the conscription campaign is carried out twice a year - from April to July and from October to December, in spring and autumn. Six months after the start of service, any serviceman of the RF Armed Forces can submit a report on concluding a contract, the first contract is for three years. However, after forty years, this right is lost, since forty is the age limit.

Compound

Women are extremely rare in the RF Armed Forces; the vast majority are men. Among almost two million there are less than fifty thousand, and only three thousand of them have officer positions (there are even twenty-eight colonels).

Thirty-five thousand women are in sergeant and soldier positions, and eleven thousand of them are warrant officers. Only one and a half percent of women (that is, approximately forty-five people) occupy primary command positions, while the rest serve on headquarters. Now about the important thing - the security of our country in case of war. First of all, it is necessary to distinguish between three types of mobilization reserve.

Mobilization

The current mobilization reserve, which shows the number of conscripts in the current year, as well as the organized one, where the number of those who have previously served and were transferred to the reserve is added, and the potential mobilization reserve, that is, the number of people who can be counted on in the event of war when mobilized into the army. Here the statistics reveal a rather alarming fact. In 2009, there were thirty-one million people in the potential mobilization reserve. Let's compare: in the USA there are fifty-six of them, and in China - two hundred and eight million.

In 2010, the reserve (organized reserve) amounted to twenty million people. Demographers calculated the composition of the RF Armed Forces and the current mobilization reserve; the numbers turned out to be bad. Eighteen-year-old men will almost disappear in our country by 2050: their number will decrease fourfold and amount to only 328 thousand people from all territories. That is, the potential mobilization reserve in 2050 will be only fourteen million, which is 55% less than in 2009.

Headcount

The RF Armed Forces consists of privates and juniors command staff(sergeants and sergeants), officers who serve in the military, in local, district, central government bodies in various positions (they are provided for by the staff of the units), in military commissariats, in commandant's offices, in missions abroad. This also includes all cadets who study at educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense and military training centers.

In 2011, the entire structure of the strength of the RF Armed Forces did not exceed one million people; this was the result of a long-term and powerful reduction from 2,880,000 people in the Armed Forces in 1992 to one million. That is, more than sixty-three percent of the army disappeared. Already by 2008, slightly less than half of all personnel were midshipmen, warrant officers and officers. Next I went military reform, during which the positions of midshipmen and warrant officers were almost eliminated, and with them more than one hundred and seventy thousand officer positions. Fortunately, the president responded. The cuts have stopped, and the number officers returned to two hundred twenty thousand people. The number of generals of the RF Armed Forces (army generals) is now sixty-four people.

What do the numbers say?

We will compare the size and composition of the Armed Forces in 2017 and 2014. Currently, the military command and control bodies in the apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Armed Forces comprise 10,500 military personnel. IN General Staff 11,300. The ground forces have 450,000 people, 280,000 serve in the air force. The navy has 185,000, to missile forces There are 120,000 for strategic purposes, and 165,000 for the aerospace defense forces. make up 45,000 fighters.

In 2014, the total strength of the RF Armed Forces was 845,000, of which ground forces were 250,000, Navy - 130,000, Airborne Forces - 35,000, Strategic Nuclear Forces - 80,000, Air Force - 150,000, and - attention! - command (plus service) was 200,000 people. More than all the air force personnel! However, the figures for 2017 indicate that the size of the Russian Armed Forces is growing slightly. (And still now the main part of the army is men, 92.9% of them, and there are only 44,921 female military personnel.)

Charter

RF Armed Forces, as military organization any other country has general military regulations, which are a set of main rules, through which, in the process of studying, military personnel develop general idea about how to protect the country’s own rights and interests from external, internal and any other threats. In addition, studying this set of rules helps to master military service.

The Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the most important part when undergoing initial training for service; with its help, a soldier or sailor becomes familiar with the basic terms and concepts. There are four types of regulations in total, and each must be carefully studied by absolutely every military personnel. From there, general duties and rights, features of the routine, and rules of interaction become known.

Types of statutes

The disciplinary charter reveals the essence of military discipline and dictates the responsibilities for observing it, talks about various types penalties and incentives. This is how it differs from the Internal Service Charter. It defines the prescribed measures of responsibility for certain violations of the statutory rules. The Charter of the Guard and Garrison Service of the RF Armed Forces contains the designation of the goals, order of organization and performance of guard and garrison service. It also contains the rights and obligations of all military officials and persons performing official duties.

The drill regulations determine the order of movement with and without weapons, drill techniques, types of formation of units with equipment and on foot. After carefully studying the regulations, each serviceman is obliged to understand the essence of military discipline, understand ranks, be able to allocate time, bear the responsibilities of a duty officer and orderly in a company, perform the tasks of a guard, a sentry, and many others.

Command

RF Armed Forces - President V.V. Putin. If aggression is undertaken against Russia or an immediate threat arises, it is he who will have to introduce martial law on the territory of the country or in certain areas in order to create all the conditions for preventing or repelling aggression. At the same time or immediately, the President reports this to the Federation Council and the State Duma in order to approve this decree.

The use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the country is possible only after receiving the appropriate resolution of the Federation Council. When there is peace in Russia, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief leads the overall leadership of the Armed Forces, and during war he oversees the defense of Russia and repelling aggression. Also, it is the president who forms the Security Council of the Russian Federation and heads it; he also approves, appoints and dismisses the high command of the RF Armed Forces. His department houses and approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, as well as the concept and plan for the construction of the Armed Forces, the mobilization plan, civil defense and much more.

Ministry of Defence

The Ministry of Defense of the RF Armed Forces is the governing body of the RF Armed Forces, its tasks are to develop and implement state policy in terms of the country's defense, legal regulation and defense standards. The Ministry organizes the use of aircraft in accordance with federal constitutional laws and international treaties, it maintains the necessary readiness, carries out activities for the construction of aircraft, ensures social protection military personnel, as well as members of their families.

The Ministry of Defense takes part in the development and implementation of state policy in the field of international cooperation. Under his department are military commissariats, command and control bodies of the RF Armed Forces in military districts, as well as many other military command and control bodies, including territorial ones. It is headed by someone appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation. A board works under his leadership, which includes deputy ministers, heads of services, and commanders-in-chief of all branches of the RF Armed Forces.

RF Armed Forces

The General Staff is the central body of military command and control of the Armed Forces. Here the coordination of the activities of the border troops and the FSB of the Russian Federation, the National Guard, railway, civil defense and all others, including the foreign intelligence service, is carried out. The General Staff includes main directorates, directorates and many other structures.

The main tasks of the Ministry of Defense of the RF Armed Forces are strategic planning for the use of the Armed Forces, troops and other formations and military bodies, taking into account the military administrative division of the Russian Federation, carrying out mobilization and operational work to prepare the Armed Forces, transferring the Armed Forces to the composition and organization of wartime. The General Staff organizes the strategic and mobilization deployment of the armed forces and other troops, formations and bodies, coordinates the activities of military registration activities, organizes intelligence activities for defense and security, plans and organizes communications, as well as topographic and geodetic support of the Armed Forces.