Shoulder straps of USSR soldiers. What military ranks were there in the USSR army, what shoulder straps did the soldiers wear? Types of field shoulder straps according to manufacturing method

27.02.2022

Shoulder straps in the Red Army 1943, 1944, 1945

(using the example of artillery shoulder straps)

On January 6, 1943, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council (PVS) of the USSR “On the introduction of shoulder straps for the personnel of the Red Army” was signed, announced by NKO order No. 24 of January 10, 1943. Following this, on January 15, 1943, the USSR NKO order No. 25 “On the introduction of new insignia and changes in the uniform of the Red Army” (). In it, in particular, it was determined that field shoulder straps are worn by military personnel in the active army and personnel of units being prepared to be sent to the front. Everyday shoulder straps are worn by military personnel of other units and institutions, as well as when wearing dress uniforms. That is, in the Red Army there were two types of shoulder straps: field and everyday. Differences in shoulder straps were also introduced for command and command personnel (see the regulations on command and command personnel) so that the commander could be distinguished from the chief.

It was ordered to switch to new insignia in the period from February 1 to February 15, 1943. Later, by order of the USSR NKO No. 80 dated February 14, 1943, this period was extended until March 15, 1943. By the beginning of the transition to summer uniforms, the Red Army was fully provided with new insignia.

In addition to the above-mentioned directive documents, later the Instruction of the Technical Committee of the Main Quartermaster Directorate of the Red Army (TK GIU KA) No. 732 01/08/1943 “Rules for the selection, attachment to uniforms and wearing of shoulder straps by Red Army personnel” was issued, as well as a whole range of technical specifications of the TC GIU KA. In addition, some technical documentation was adopted long before the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. For example, the Temporary Technical Specifications (TTU) of the TC GIU KA No. 0725, which contained a description of the emblems and insignia (stars) on shoulder straps, were published on December 10, 1942.

The dimensions of the shoulder straps were established:

Null– 13 cm (only for women’s uniforms)
First– 14 cm.
Second– 15 cm.
Third- 16 cm.
The width is 6 cm, and the width of the shoulder straps of officers of justice, medical, veterinary and administrative services is 4 cm. The length of the sewn-in shoulder straps was set to 1 cm longer for each size.
The width of the general's shoulder straps is 6.5 cm. The width of the shoulder straps of the generals of the medical, veterinary services and the highest command. composition of the military-legal service - 4.5 cm. (in 1958, a single width for such shoulder straps was established for all generals of the Soviet Army - 6.5 cm.)

Types of field shoulder straps according to manufacturing method:

Soft sewn shoulder straps( ) consisted of a field (top), lining (lining), lining and edging.
Soft removable shoulder straps( ), in addition to the above parts, they had a semi-flap, a semi-flap lining and a jumper.
Hard detachable shoulder straps( ) differed from soft ones in that during their manufacture, fabrics and shoulder straps were glued together with a paste consisting of 30% wheat flour and wood glue, as well as the presence of an additional lining made of electrical cardboard - pressed board, jacquard or calibrated, 0.5 - 1 mm thick .

— Coloring of field and everyday shoulder straps of the Red Army - .

— Military ranks of the USSR Armed Forces 1935-1945. (table of ranks) - .

Shoulder straps of junior command, command and rank and file of the Red Army
(privates, sergeants and sergeants)

FIELD EMAILS: The field of field shoulder straps was always khaki. The shoulder straps were edged (trimmed) along the edges, except for the bottom, with colored cloth edging according to the branches of the military or services. The stripes on the shoulder straps of junior command and command personnel were silk or semi-silk galloon. The patches were produced in various sizes: narrow (1 cm wide), medium (1.5 cm wide) and wide (3 cm wide). Junior command staff were entitled to burgundy-colored braid, and junior command staff were entitled to brown braid.

Ideally, the stripes should have been sewn onto shoulder straps in factories or in sewing workshops attached to military units. But often the servicemen themselves attached the stripes. In conditions of front-line shortages, stripes made from scrap materials were often used. It was common to use everyday (golden or silver) stripes on field shoulder straps and vice versa.

Field shoulder straps were supposed to be worn without emblems of military branches and stencils. On the shoulder straps there were uniform 20-mm iron buttons of khaki color with a star, in the center of which was a hammer and sickle.

This type of shoulder straps existed until December 1955, when double-sided shoulder straps were introduced. In the period from 1943 to 1955, the technology for manufacturing these shoulder straps changed several times. In particular, in 1947 and 1953 (TU 1947 and TU 1953)

Field shoulder straps junior command staff using the example of a senior artillery sergeant. The patch (galloon) is sewn on at the factory using a sewing machine. Iron buttons in khaki color.

EVERYDAY EMAILS: Everyday shoulder straps of junior commanders, junior commanding officers and enlisted personnel were edged (trimmed) along the edges, except the bottom, with colored cloth edging, and also had a field of colored cloth according to the branch of service. The stripes on the shoulder straps of junior command and command personnel were silk or semi-silk galloon. The patches were produced in various sizes: narrow (1 cm wide), medium (1.5 cm wide) and wide (3 cm wide). The junior command staff was entitled to a golden-yellow galloon, and the junior command staff – silver.

Everyday shoulder straps had golden emblems for the branch of service and yellow stencils indicating the unit (formation). It is worth noting that stencils were used extremely rarely.

On the shoulder straps there were shaped golden brass 20-mm buttons with a star, in the center of which was a hammer and sickle.

Everyday shoulder straps of junior command personnel using the example of a senior artillery sergeant. The patch (braid) is sewn on by the soldier himself. There are no encryptions, as on most shoulder straps. Buttons: top is brass (respectively yellow-golden color), bottom is iron.

Shoulder straps of senior and middle command and command personnel of the Red Army
(officers)

FIELD EMAILS: The field of field shoulder straps was always khaki. The shoulder straps were edged (trimmed) along the edges, except the bottom, with colored cloth edging. On the shoulder strap, one or two gaps were sewn in burgundy color for the command staff and brown for the command staff. In accordance with the assigned military rank, belonging to a branch of the military or service, insignia were placed on the shoulder straps.

The shoulder straps of the middle command personnel have one gap and silver-plated metal 13-mm stars.

The shoulder straps of senior officers have two gaps and silver-plated metal 20-mm stars.

On the shoulder straps of the command personnel, in addition to the infantry command personnel, silver-plated emblems were installed according to the branch of the army and service.

On the shoulder straps there are uniform 20-mm metal buttons of a khaki color with a star in the center of which is a hammer and sickle.

Field shoulder straps of middle command personnel using the example of ml. artillery lieutenant. The star denoting rank must be silver. In this case, the silver plating has worn off.

EVERYDAY EMAILS: The field of shoulder straps for command personnel is made of golden silk or golden braid. The shoulder straps of the engineering and command personnel, commissary, medical, veterinary, military-legal and administrative services are made of silver silk or silver braid. The shoulder straps were edged (trimmed) along the edges, except the bottom, with colored cloth edging. In accordance with the assigned military rank, belonging to a branch of the military or service, insignia were placed on the shoulder straps.

The shoulder straps of the middle command personnel have one gap and 13-mm gold metal stars.

The shoulder straps of the senior command staff have two gaps and 20-mm gold metal stars.

On the shoulder straps of the command personnel, in addition to the infantry command personnel, golden emblems were installed according to the branch of the army and service.

The emblems and stars on the shoulder straps of the engineering and command personnel, quartermaster, administrative and medical services are gold-plated. On the shoulder straps of military veterinary personnel, the stars are gold-plated, the emblems are silver-plated.

On the shoulder straps there are uniform golden 20-mm buttons with a star, in the center of which is a hammer and sickle.

The shoulder straps and insignia of the middle and senior command staff of the military legal service fully corresponded to the shoulder straps and insignia of the senior and middle command staff of the medical and veterinary services, but with their own emblems.

The shoulder straps of the military administrative personnel were exactly the same as the shoulder straps for the senior and mid-level command staff of the medical and veterinary services, but without emblems.

These shoulder straps existed until the end of 1946, when the technical specifications of the TU TC GIU VS No. 1486 dated October 9, 1946 for officers of the Armed Forces established shoulder straps with a cut off corner top, i.e. shoulder straps became hexagonal.

Everyday shoulder straps of middle command personnel using the example of the shoulder straps of an artillery captain. The button should be golden.

Shoulder straps of the Red Army senior command staff
(generals, marshals)

FIELD EMAILS: A field of shoulder straps made of specially woven silk braid on a cloth lining. The color of the shoulder straps is protective. Color of shoulder straps: generals, artillery generals, tank troops, medical and veterinary services, senior commanders. composition of the military legal service - red; aviation generals - blue; generals of technical troops and quartermaster service - crimson.

The stars on the shoulder straps were embroidered in silver, 22 mm in size. On the uniform of generals of the medical and veterinary services and the highest command. members of the military legal service - gold, size 20 mm. The buttons on the shoulder straps with the coat of arms are gilded. On the uniforms of generals there is honey. services – gilded metal emblems; there is a breeze on the generals' uniforms. services - the same emblems, but silvered; on uniform of the highest beginning. members of the Supreme Legal Service - gilded metal emblems.

By order of the NKO of the USSR No. 79 dated February 14, 1943, shoulder straps were installed, including. and for the highest engineering and technical personnel of the signal troops, engineering, chemical, railway, topographic troops - to the generals of the engineering and technical service, according to the model established for the generals of the technical troops. From this order the highest beginning. The composition of the military legal service began to be called generals of justice.

EVERYDAY EMAPOLDS: Field of shoulder straps made of braid of special weave: made of gold wire. And for generals of medical and veterinary services, the highest level. members of the military legal service - made of silver wire. Color of shoulder straps: generals, artillery generals, tank troops, medical and veterinary services, senior commanders. composition of the military legal service - red; aviation generals - blue; generals of technical troops and quartermaster service - crimson.

The stars on the shoulder straps were embroidered on a gold field - in silver, on a silver field - in gold. The buttons on the shoulder straps with the coat of arms are gilded. On the uniforms of generals there is honey. services – gilded metal emblems; there is a breeze on the generals' uniforms. services - the same emblems, but silvered; on uniform of the highest beginning. members of the Supreme Legal Service - gilded metal emblems.

By order of the NKO of the USSR No. 61 dated February 8, 1943, silver emblems were installed for artillery generals to wear on their shoulder straps.

By order of the NKO of the USSR No. 79 dated February 14, 1943, shoulder straps were installed, including. and for the highest engineering and technical personnel of the signal troops, engineering, chemical, railway, topographic troops - to the generals of the engineering and technical service, according to the model established for the generals of the technical troops. Probably from this order the highest beginning. The composition of the military legal service began to be called generals of justice.

These shoulder straps existed without fundamental changes until 1962, when by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 127 of May 12, sewn shoulder straps with a steel-colored field were installed on the ceremonial overcoats of generals.

An example of everyday and field shoulder straps of generals. Since 02/08/1943, artillery generals additionally had artillery emblems on their shoulder straps.

Literature:

Uniforms and insignia of the Red Army 1918-1945. AIM, Leningrad 1960
Shoulder straps of the Soviet Army 1943-1991. Evgeny Drig.
Color chart for field and everyday shoulder straps of the Red Army ()
Newspaper "Red Star" dated January 7, 1943 ()
Article by Alexander Sorokin “Field shoulder straps of soldiers, sergeants and officers of the Red Army, model 1943”
Website - http://www.rkka.ru

article code: 98653

The system of military rank insignia introduced in 1943 generally remained unchanged until the collapse of the USSR, the transformation of the remnants of the Soviet Army into the Russian Army in 1992-94. Only partial changes took place.

The first quite noticeable change occurred in 1955. By order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 225 in December 1955, colored piping on the field shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants was abolished. Instead, green military branch emblems were introduced for them, which were placed not in the center of the shoulder strap, but just below the button. In this regard, the rank stripes have moved slightly lower on the shoulder strap. The burgundy and brown stripes have been replaced with a single red one. These shoulder straps became known as everyday field shoulder straps.

Everyday colored shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants since December 1955 also lost the colored edgings, the emblem also moved to the button, and the golden (yellow) stripes for command personnel and silver (grayish-white) for everyone else also moved down somewhat. The emblems for the branches of the military, which in 1955 slightly changed their appearance, were worn in the same color as the color of the stripes. These shoulder straps remained only on ceremonial uniforms and greatcoats. Blue shoulder straps were canceled due to the liquidation of cavalry as a branch of the military.

Since December 1956, the field shoulder straps of officers have lost colored edging, and the gaps on the field shoulder straps, instead of the color burgundy (command personnel) and brown (all others), have become the same for all categories of officers, but the color according to the type of troops (crimson for motorized rifles and combined arms, red for artillery and tank crews, black for all technical troops, blue for aviation). Blue gaps were not introduced due to the liquidation of cavalry as a branch of the military.

In March 1956, by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 25, the stars of generals, the emblems of military branches and the stars of marshals of military branches became golden.

By 1958, due to a change in the uniform of officers by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 70, the everyday shoulder straps of officers and generals became green with a pattern similar to the pattern on gold shoulder straps. The stars on the casual uniform remain gold and silver in color.

In 1963, the insignia of the rank of "Sergeant major" was changed. The former, referred to in soldier's jargon as the "sergeant's hammer", are replaced by a wide stripe running along the shoulder strap. In the picture on the left is the ceremonial shoulder strap of a motorized rifle troops sergeant major from 1955-62. In the center is the ceremonial shoulder strap of a motorized rifle troops sergeant since 1963. On the right is the shoulder strap of a military general school student with the rank of sergeant major since 1963 (instead of the usual cadet braid on the sides and top sides, the cadet sergeant major's shoulder straps, in addition to the usual sergeant major's patch, have narrower braids on the sides). Senior cadets have this shoulder strap for all types of clothing. Petty officers have a red patch on their khaki field uniform.

In 1970 (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 417 of May 30, 1969), with the introduction of a new uniform for soldiers, sergeants and cadets, only three colors of shoulder straps were left: scarlet - for motorized riflemen and as a combined arms, blue - for aviation and airborne forces, and black for all other branches of the military. For the gaps of officer's shoulder straps, only two colors were left: blue for aviation and airborne forces, and scarlet for all other branches of the military. Also, the edging of the shoulder straps and clothing of the generals retained only two colors - blue and scarlet. Since January 1973, two letters "SA" were introduced on the shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants (metal on ceremonial uniforms and plastic on overcoats and everyday uniforms) to distinguish soldiers and sergeants army from sailors, sergeants and foremen of the fleet (letter "F" or by fleet "SF", "TF", "BF", "Black Sea Fleet"), as well as military personnel of the internal troops, border troops and KGB units ("VV", "PV" ", "GB"). Somewhat later, the letter “K” was introduced on the shoulder straps of military school cadets (order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 81-73). Shoulder straps and buttonholes on the dress and everyday uniforms of soldiers, sergeants and steel are colored with yellow (golden) stripes. Khaki shoulder straps with red stripes remained only on field soldiers' and sergeants' uniforms. Cadets have the same shoulder straps on all types of uniforms. The picture shows the shoulder straps of a junior sergeant of motorized rifle troops.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated November 18, 1971, from 1972, a new category was added to the scale of ranks of the USSR Armed Forces, standing between sergeants and officers, “Warrant Officers and Midshipmen.” In the army, in this category, one rank is established: "ensign". The ceremonial shoulder straps of warrant officers have a checkerboard pattern in red for motorized rifle troops and combined arms, blue for aviation and airborne forces, black for all other branches of the military. Everyday and field shoulder straps of warrant officers have the same pattern and green color. The stars (two) and emblems (where appropriate) are golden in color on ceremonial and everyday shoulder straps and green on field shoulder straps.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated November 1, 1974, the insignia of the rank “Army General” was changed. Instead of four general stars in one vertical row, one is introduced for them big star like the marshals of the military branches. In place of the emblems of the military branches of the army generals, a sewn combined arms emblem is placed. In the picture on the left is the new ceremonial shoulder strap of an army general, on the right is the everyday field shoulder strap. The shoulder strap on the overcoat is light gray. In addition to changing the shoulder straps, the army generals were given a marshal's star on their tie, which previously only marshals had Soviet Union, marshals and chief marshals of the military branches.

From the author. In 74, the long-standing and bitter resentment of the army generals was finally eliminated. Still would. We are equal in rank, if not higher than the marshals and chief marshals of the military branches. But we are still just generals, and those are still marshals. They have a marshal's star in their tie and a big star on their shoulder straps, but we have a lot of stars, but they are still small.

By order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 85 of March 15, 1980, silver shoulder straps for officers of technical services were abolished. All officers are given only gold shoulder straps with gold stars for their dress uniform.

in 1985, a new field uniform was introduced, which received the common name “Afghan” (Order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 145-84). On the new uniform, the same for all categories of military personnel, the shoulder straps were an element of the jacket itself (the so-called shoulder straps). The color of such shoulder straps was the color of the uniform itself (gray, khaki, camouflage, sand, etc.). Green stripes were introduced for non-commissioned officers, green stars for warrant officers and officers. Only for generals, removable green shoulder straps with the usual general pattern were introduced. The stars were embroidered with green silk. There were no gaps for officers on their shoulder straps and ranks could be distinguished only by the size and number of stars. In the picture from left to right from top to bottom: 1-Lieutenant General. 2nd Lieutenant Colonel. 3-Lieutenant. 4-Ensign. 5-Senior Sergeant. 6th Private.

In 1988, Order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 250 dated March 4, 1988 introduced the wearing of a dress uniform by soldiers, sergeants and cadets without a jacket in a green shirt. Accordingly, new models of shoulder straps are being introduced. At the same time, a white shirt was introduced for officers and generals to wear without a jacket (uniform). Shoulder straps are included with this shirt white with blue (aviation and airborne forces) and scarlet (for everyone else) gaps.

In the picture from left to right from top to bottom: Shoulder straps for white shirts:
1st Lieutenant General, 2nd Lieutenant of Motorized Rifle Troops. 3rd Ensign of tank forces.
Shoulder straps for green shirts:
4- Corporal of motorized rifle troops. 5-Cadet of the general military school.

This was the last change in the insignia of the Soviet Army. In the fall of 1989, the process of its collapse will begin, along with the process of the collapse of the USSR. After the coup of August 19-21, 1991 and the liquidation of the USSR by the Belovezh Agreement on December 25, 1991, these insignia will remain in the mythical United Armed Forces of the CIS. And in fact, since the fall of 1991, in the emerging national armies the former union republics of the USSR will introduce their own insignia. In Russia, the creation of the Russian Army will be officially proclaimed by Russian Presidential Decree No. 466 of May 7, 1992. However, the previous uniforms and insignia will legally exist until Russian Presidential Decree No. 1010 of May 23, 1994 on the introduction of uniforms and insignia of the Russian Army.

In reality, in 1994-96, the Russian Army still wore the uniform and insignia of the Soviet Army. Only in 1997 will the slow process of transition to new insignia and a new uniform begin. If by 2000 officers mostly wear new insignia and uniforms, warrant officers and cadets wear them to a large extent, then sergeants and soldiers mostly still wear the insignia of the Soviet Army. It is very common to find a mixture of old and new. For example, on Soviet-style shoulder straps with the letters “SA” there are new sergeant insignia. Or on the shoulder straps of the new model there are Soviet sergeant stripes. The mixture of old and new insignia in 2000 is very diverse.

Sources and literature

1. M.M. Khrenov and others. Military clothing of the Armed Forces of the USSR and Russia (1917-1990s). Moscow. Military publishing house. 1999
2. Wearing rules military uniform clothing for military personnel of the Soviet Army and Navy. Introduced by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 250 dated March 4, 1988. Moscow. Military publishing house. 1989

Read also

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 250 Section I. BASIC PROVISIONS Section II. UNIFORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVANTS.

Chapter 1. Uniform of marshals and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers, warrant officers and long-term servicemen of the Soviet Army Chapter 3. Uniform of clothing

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVICEMEN in peacetime I. GENERAL PROVISIONS II. MILITARY UNIFORMS Uniforms of marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Uniforms of admirals and generals of the Navy Uniforms of officers of the Soviet Army Uniforms of female officers of the Soviet Army

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORM BY SERGEANTS, Sergeants-Major, SOLDIERS, SAILORS, CADETS AND TRAINERS OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY IN PEACETIME Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR. General provisions.

Uniform for long-term service sergeants.

Uniform for conscript sergeants and long-term and conscript soldiers. Uniform for military school cadets. Suvorov students' clothing uniform

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY MARSHALS OF THE SOVIET UNION, ADMIRALS OF THE FLEET OF THE SOVIET UNION, MARSHALS, GENERALS, ADMIRALS AND OFFICERS OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY IN PEACETIME Order of the Minister defense of the USSR. General provisions. Uniform of marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the ground forces Uniform of marshals and generals of the air force Uniform of clothing

Military uniform of the Soviet Army - items of uniform and equipment of military personnel of the Soviet Army, formerly called the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the Red Army, as well as the Rules for wearing them in the period from 1918 to 1991, established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the Soviet Army.

Article 1. The right to wear military uniforms is available to military personnel on active military service in the Soviet Army and Navy, Suvorov students,

The military uniform, which includes all items of uniform, equipment, and insignia established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the state’s armed forces, not only makes it possible to determine the affiliation of military personnel to the types and branches of the military, but also to distinguish them by military rank. The uniform disciplines military personnel, unites them into a single military team, helps to improve their organization and strict performance of military duties. Oleg Volkov, reserve senior lieutenant, former commander

T-55 tank, 1st class gunner. We have been waiting for her for so long. Three long years. They waited from the very minute they exchanged their civilian clothes for soldier's uniforms. All this time she came to us in our dreams, during breaks between exercises, shooting at firing ranges, studying materiel, outfits, drill training and other numerous army duties. We are Russians, Tatars, Bashkirs, Uzbeks, Moldovans, Ukrainians,

1. KACK TRAVELING EQUIPMENT OF A FIGHTER - INFANTRY RIFLE The marching equipment of Fig. 5-9 of the fighter - infantry shooter is divided into a full camping equipment, when all the equipment is taken with you, including a backpack with a rack, and b Assault, when a backpack with a rack of wearables no reserves are taken.

MAIN QUARTERMAN DIRECTORATE OF THE RED ARMY INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING, FIT, ASSEMBLY AND WEARING MARKING EQUIPMENT OF THE RED ARMY INFANTRY FIGHTER MILITARY PUBLISHING DATE NPO USSR - 1941 CONTENTS I. General provisions II. Types of equipment and composition of the kit III. Equipment fit IV. Stowing equipment V. Making an overcoat roll VI. Assembling equipment VII. Procedure for donning equipment VIII. Instructions for operating equipment IX.

So, the unloading system of the Soviet motorized rifle of the 1950 model is a system of a field belt and a soldier’s field belt for conveniently carrying equipment when performing combat training missions. In common parlance it is called unloading. The field belt is canvas, covered with brown polystyrene and has a galvanized buckle, sometimes mistakenly called a construction battalion belt, but this is incorrect - this is a field belt model 1950. The soldier's belt consists of

1 Uniform of junior command, junior commanding and enlisted personnel of the Red Army Air Force, 1936.

Summer casual uniform 1. Cap 2. Rolled overcoat 3. Tunic 4. Summer bloomers 5. Boots or boots with leggings 6. Waist belt Winter casual uniform 1. Dark gray cloth helmet 2. Overcoat 3. Tunic 4. Cloth trousers

Each army has its own system of military ranks. Moreover, rank systems are not something frozen, established once and for all. Some titles are abolished, others are introduced. Those who are at all seriously interested in the art of war and science need to know not only the entire system of military ranks of a particular army, but also to know how the ranks of different armies correlate, what ranks of one army correspond to the ranks of another army. There is a lot of confusion in the existing literature on these issues,

Lieutenant 1941 Air Force Lieutenant 1941 This fighter pilot wears a pre-war leather flight coat and flight helmet. Pay attention to the insignia on the buttonholes. Junior officers wore red enamel squares, lieutenant two squares, and a propeller with wings emblem. By the time the Germans invaded the territory of the USSR, the Red Army Air Force was experiencing a painful reorganization; the commanders tried to find

Sailor 1939 Navy Sailor 1939 The uniform of the USSR Navy as a whole differed little from the clothing of sailors of other countries, although it had two distinctive features. Firstly, only in the Soviet Navy did senior officers wear a traditional uniform with a cap, and secondly, the naval uniform combined blue and black colors. The officers wore a black uniform, which included a cap, jacket with a white shirt and black

Front-line soldier Corporal 1 in a 1943 model uniform. Rank insignia from the buttonholes was transferred to shoulder straps. The SSh-40 helmet became widespread since 1942. At about the same time, submachine guns began to arrive in large quantities to the troops. This corporal is armed with a 7.62 mm Shpagin submachine gun - PPSh-41 - with a 71-round drum magazine. Spare magazines in pouches on the waist belt next to a pouch for three hand grenades. In 1944, along with the drum

Military uniform is clothing established by rules or special decrees, the wearing of which is mandatory for any military unit and for each branch of the military. The form symbolizes the function of its wearer and his affiliation with the organization. The stable phrase honor of the uniform means military or generally corporate honor. Even in the Roman army, soldiers were given the same weapons and armor. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to depict the coat of arms of a city, kingdom or feudal lord on shields,

Bodies and troops of the GPU 1922 - Valery Kulikov Employees Transport department GPU 1922 - Valery Kulikov GPU bodies - OGPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov GPU troops - OGPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Employees of the GPU Transport Department 1923 - Valery Kulikov OGPU bodies and troops 1924 - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Main Directorate of NKVD camps 1936 - Andrey

In the North Caucasus, three types of Cossack units were stationed and carried out military service: Terek, Kuban and Don. In 1936 By order of the USSR NKO 67, a special dress uniform was established for these units. For the Terek and Kuban Cossacks it consisted of a kubanka, a beshmet, a Circassian coat with a hood, a burka, trousers and Caucasian boots. The Don Cossacks wore a hat, a Cossack jacket, trousers and boots as their dress uniform.

Camouflage clothing appeared in the Red Army back in 1936, although experiments began 10 years earlier, but it became widespread only during the war. Initially, these were camouflage suits and capes of spotted color with spots in the shape of amoebas and were unofficially called amoeba in four color schemes: summer, spring-autumn, desert and for mountainous regions. In a separate row are white camouflage coats for winter camouflage. Much more mass produced.

Types of fabrics used for sewing uniforms of the Red Army. Name, article Fabric composition Color Application Diagonal merino art. 1408 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, jackets and breeches of generals Gabardine merino art. 1311 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, tunics and breeches of generals

In the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army in summer time wore ankle boots, also known as shoes and boots, in the cold winter time felt boots were issued. In winter, senior command personnel could wear burka winter boots. The choice of shoes depended on the rank of the serviceman; officers were always entitled to boots and on the position they held.

Before the war, many improvements and changes took place in the field

Winter uniform of the Red Army 1940-1945.

OVERCOAT Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR 733 dated December 18, 1926. Single-breasted overcoat made of gray overcoat cloth. Turn-down collar. Concealed clasp with five hooks. Welt pockets without flaps. Sleeves with stitched straight cuffs. At the back, the fold ends in a vent. The strap is fastened to the posts with two buttons. The overcoat for command and control personnel was introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR PILOT Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 176 of December 3, 1935. The cap for command personnel is made from

wool fabric

, similar to the French tunic. The color of the cap for the command staff of the air force is blue, for the command staff of the auto-armored forces it is steel, for all others it is khaki. The cap consists of a cap and two sides. The cap is made on a cotton lining, and the sides are made of two layers of main fabric. Front Order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 dated February 1, 1941 introduced a new Standard List of items of clothing that make up the clothing of junior commanders and rank and file of the Red Army for summer and winter in peacetime and war. FOR EMPLOYEES IN SUMMER IN PEACETIME I. Uniform 1. Khaki cloth cap. 2. Khaki cotton cap only in combat units for field training. 3. Gray cloth overcoat

The clothing of military personnel is established by decrees, orders, rules or special regulations. Wearing a naval uniform is mandatory for military personnel of the armed forces of the state and other formations where it is provided

military service . In the Russian armed forces there are a number of accessories that were in the naval uniform of the times of the Russian Empire. These include shoulder straps, boots, long overcoats with buttonholes history of patches and chevrons of the Red Army of all periods in the Voenpro material. Introduction of sleeve insignia of the Red Army stages, features, symbolism Distinctive sleeve insignia are used to identify military personnel of certain branches of the military. To better understand the specifics of the sleeve insignia of the Red Army and the chevrons of the Red Army, we recommend

Black Death is what German soldiers called the Soviet marines dressed in black pea coats during World War II. And the Germans perceived the incomprehensible battle cry of the half-under as fall under. When the Marines were dressed in a combined arms uniform, the soldiers kept their vests and caps and went into the attack wide open and wearing bellies, biting the ribbons in their teeth. Let the enemies see who they are dealing with. Story Marine Corps Already in the second half of the 16th century, as part of ship crews

The first mass-produced Soviet steel helmet, the SSh-36, appeared in the Red Army in 1936, and by the end of the year it became obvious that it had a lot of shortcomings. The most important of them were the fragility of steel and low bullet resistance in bending areas. Attempts to improve the helmet led to the appearance of a number of experimental models, some of which underwent military testing.

Red Army soldiers at the parade wearing steel helmets SSh-36. http forum.guns.ru In June Metal helmets, widely used in the armies of the world long before our era, lost their protective value by the 18th century due to the massive spread of firearms. By the time of the Napoleonic Wars in European armies, they were used primarily in heavy cavalry as protective equipment. Throughout the 19th century, military hats protected their owners in

best case scenario

The image shows two Red Army infantrymen, a Red Army soldier on June 22, 1941, and a victorious sergeant on May 9, 1945. Even from the photo you can see how uniforms and equipment were simplified over time; some turned out to be too expensive to manufacture in wartime, some did not catch on, some were not liked by the soldiers and were removed from supply. On the contrary, individual elements of equipment were spied on by the enemy or taken as trophies.

It's not all about item placement

Afghan is a slang name used by some military personnel to name a set of field summer winter uniforms for military personnel of the Armed Forces of the USSR, and later the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries. The field one was later used as an everyday uniform due to poor supply of military uniforms for the military personnel of the Soviet Army and the USSR Navy, marines, coastal missile and artillery troops and the naval air force, in the initial period it was used in SAVO and OKSVA

Until the end of the 70s, the field uniform of the KGB PV was not much different from that of the Soviet Ground Army. Unless it’s green shoulder straps and buttonholes, and the more frequent and widespread use of KLMK camouflage summer camouflage suit. At the end of the 70s, in terms of the development and implementation of special field uniforms, some changes occurred, which resulted in the appearance of summer and winter field suits of a hitherto unusual cut. 1.

In 1985, by Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 145-84, a new field uniform was introduced, the same for all categories of military personnel, which received the common name Afghanka. The first units and units located on the territory of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan received it. In 1988 In 1988, Order of the USSR Ministry of Defense 250 dated March 4, 1988 introduced the wearing of a dress uniform by soldiers, sergeants and cadets without a jacket in a green shirt. From left to right From left to right Summer parade of marshals and generals except the Air Force - for the formation. The winter parade of marshals and generals except the Air Force is out of order. Summer parade of marshals and generals of the Air Force - for and out of formation. Summer parade weekend of marshals and generals in the Air Force cap and trousers of blue color

. Summer casual for marshals and generals - out-of-order trousers. Summer field marshals and generals Official insignia of military personnel of the Red Army 1919-1921. With the coming of the Russian Communist Party to power in November 1917, the new leaders of the country, based on the thesis of K. Marx on the replacement regular army universal arming of the working people, led on liquidation imperial army Russia. In particular, on December 16, 1917, by the decrees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars on the elective principle and organization of power in the army and on the equal rights of all military personnel, all military ranks

Insignia of Red Army military personnel by rank, 1935-40. The period under consideration covers the time from September 1935 to November 1940. By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated September 22, 1935, personal military ranks were established for all military personnel, which strictly correlated with the positions held. Each position has a specific title. A serviceman may have a rank lower than that specified for a given position, or corresponding. But he can't get

Insignia and buttonholes of the Red Army 1924-1943. The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army is abbreviated as the RKKA, the term Soviet Army SA appeared later, the beginning of the Second World War, oddly enough, was met in a military uniform of the 1925 model. The People's Commissariat of Defense, by its order of December 3, 1935, introduced new uniforms and insignia. Old official ranks partially preserved for military-political, military-technical.

PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF MILITARY SERVANTS 1935-1945 PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF MILITARY SERVANTS OF THE GROUND AND NAVAL FORCES OF THE RKKA 1935-1940 Introduced by resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars 2590 for the ground and air forces of the Red Army and 2591 for the naval forces Red Army dated September 22, 1935. Declared by order of the People's Commissar of Defense 144 of September 26, 1935. Rank and command personnel Political composition

On January 6, 1943, shoulder straps were introduced in the USSR for personnel of the Soviet Army. Initially, shoulder straps had a practical meaning. With their help, the belt of the cartridge bag was held on. Therefore, at first there was only one shoulder strap, on the left shoulder, since the cartridge bag was worn on the right side. In most of the world's navies, shoulder straps were not used, and rank was indicated by stripes on the sleeve; sailors did not wear a cartridge bag. In Russia shoulder straps

Uniforms of the Red Army Headdresses of the Red Army Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia

This attribute of military equipment has earned its rightful place among others, thanks to its simplicity, unpretentiousness and, most importantly, complete irreplaceability. The name helmet itself comes from the French casque or from the Spanish casco skull, helmet. If you believe the encyclopedias, then this term refers to a leather or metal headdress used to protect the head by military and other categories of persons operating in dangerous conditions by miners,

Title From Bogatyrka to Frunzevka There is a version in journalism that Budenovka was developed back in the First world war In such helmets, the Russians were supposed to march in a victory parade through Berlin. However, no confirmed evidence of this has been found. But the documents clearly show the history of the competition for the development of uniforms for the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. The competition was announced on May 7, 1918, and on December 18, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic approved a sample of a winter headdress - a helmet,

June 3, 1946 in accordance with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, signed by J.V. Stalin, the Airborne Troops were withdrawn from the Air Force and subordinated directly to the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Paratroopers at the November 1951 parade in Moscow. The sleeve insignia on the right sleeve of those walking in the first rank is visible. The decree ordered the Chief of Logistics of the USSR Armed Forces together with commander of the Airborne Forces prepare proposals

Emblem Airborne troops- in the form of a parachute surrounded by two planes - is known to everyone. It became the basis for the subsequent development of all symbols of airborne units and formations. This sign is not only an expression of the serviceman’s belonging to the winged infantry, but also a kind of symbol of the spiritual unity of all paratroopers. But few people know the name of the author of the emblem. And this was the work of Zinaida Ivanovna Bocharova, a beautiful, intelligent, hardworking girl who worked as a leading draftsman at the headquarters of the Airborne Forces

Backpack of a Red Army soldier 1. BACK MARKING EQUIPMENT OF A FIGHTER - INFANTRY RIFLE Marching equipment Fig. 5-9 of a fighter - infantry arrow is divided into a full traveling equipment, when all the equipment is taken with you, including a backpack with a layout, and b Assault, when a backpack It is not taken into account when laying out portable supplies. ASSEMBLY AND FITTING ASSAULT EQUIPMENT Put the following items on the waist belt in order of sequence:

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLY AND SAVING UNIFIED MARKING EQUIPMENT OF THE RKKA MANAGEMENT STAFF order of the USSR RVS 183 1932 1. General provisions 1. The uniform equipment of the command personnel of the ground and air forces of the Red Army is supplied for supply in one size, designed for the greatest growth of the command personnel and wear on top overcoats and warm workwear, leather uniforms, fur clothing with waist and shoulder belts in three sizes 1 size, namely 1 Equipment

From buttonholes to shoulder straps P. Lipatov Uniforms and insignia of the ground forces of the Red Army, internal troops of the NKVD and border troops during the Great Patriotic War Patriotic War The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in a 1935-style uniform. Around the same time, the Wehrmacht soldiers acquired their familiar appearance. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army

The Soviet system of insignia is unique. This practice cannot be found in the armies of other countries of the world, and it was, perhaps, the only innovation of the communist government; the rest of the order was copied from the rules of the army insignia of Tsarist Russia. The insignia of the first two decades of the existence of the Red Army were buttonholes, which were later replaced by shoulder straps. The rank was determined by the shape of the figures: triangles, squares, rhombuses under a star,

They do not emit a warlike roar, they do not sparkle with a polished surface, they are not decorated with embossed coats of arms and plumes, and quite often they are generally hidden under jackets. However, today, without this armor, unsightly in appearance, it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the safety of VIPs. Body armor is clothing that prevents bullets from penetrating the body and, therefore, protects a person from shots. It is made from materials that dissipate

In the last century, during the Soviet Union, there was highest rank Generalissimo. However, during the entire existence of the Soviet Union, not a single person was awarded this title except Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. The proletarian people themselves asked for this man to be awarded the highest military rank for all his services to the Motherland. This happened after the unconditional surrender fascist Germany

We will have to start the story about the introduction of insignia in the Soviet army with some general questions. In addition, a short excursion into the history of the Russian state will be useful so as not to formulate empty references to the past. The shoulder straps themselves represent a kind of product that is worn on the shoulders to indicate a position or rank, as well as the type of military service and service affiliation. This is done in several ways: attaching strips, sprockets, making gaps, chevrons.

The era, a couple of decades long, which begins after the Bolsheviks came to power, was marked by numerous changes in the life of the once former Empire. The reorganization of almost all structures of peaceful and military activities turned out to be a rather lengthy and controversial process. In addition, from the course of history we know that immediately after the revolution, Russia was overwhelmed by a bloody civil war, which was not without intervention. It is difficult to imagine that initially the ranks

Even during World War II, squads of Marines struck terror into German soldiers. Since then, the latter have been given a second name: black death or black devils, indicating inevitable reprisals against those who encroach on the integrity of the state. Perhaps this nickname has something to do with the fact that the infantryman wore a black peacoat. Only one thing is known for certain: if the enemy is afraid, then this is already the lion’s share of victory, and, as you know, the motto is considered a symbol of the Marine Corps

Considering all stages of the creation of the Russian armed forces, it is necessary to dive deeply into history, and although in the times of the principalities we are not talking about Russian Empire and even more so about the regular army, the emergence of such a concept as defense capability begins precisely from this era. In the 13th century, Rus' was represented by separate principalities. Although their military squads were armed with swords, axes, spears, sabers and bows, they could not serve as reliable protection against outside attacks.

United Army

Bodies and Internal Troops of the NKVD 1935-1937.

Let me remind you that over the years of its existence the Internal Troops have undergone numerous reorganizations, renamings, etc.

With the creation immediately after the October 1917 coup of the Council of People's Commissars, the Council of People's Commissars was immediately created as one of the thirteen people's commissariats, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Russian Republic of the NKVD. Then it became known as the NKVD of the RSFSR. Then, as the union republics were formed, they added

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in a 1935-style uniform. Around the same time, the Wehrmacht soldiers acquired their familiar appearance.

In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army. The previous official ranks by category were abolished, personal ranks were established for commanders, while the old ones were partially retained for military-political, military-technical,

As a result of the adoption of two decrees on December 15, 1917, the Council of People's Commissars abolished all ranks and military ranks in the Russian army remaining from the previous regime.

The period of formation of the Red Army. The first insignia. Thus, all soldiers of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, organized as a result of the order of January 15, 1918, no longer had any uniform military uniform, as well as special insignia. Nevertheless, in the same year, a badge was introduced for soldiers of the Red Army Red Army insignia, 1917-24.

1. Infantry sleeve badge, 1920-24. 2. Armband of the Red Guard 1917. 3. Sleeve patch of the Kalmyk cavalry units of the South-Eastern Front, 1919-20. 4. Badge of the Red Army, 1918-22.

5. Sleeve insignia of the convoy guards of the Republic, 1922-23. 6. Sleeve insignia of the internal troops of the OGPU, 1923-24. 7. Sleeve insignia of armored parts

Eastern front , 1918-19 8. Commander's sleeve patch Based on accepted norms, detailed regulations were prepared in secret on the supply of clothing to the army fighting fighting

In the first days. Following the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks began to form armed detachments from manual labor proletarians, sailors of the Tsarist Navy and deserters of the Imperial Russian army. These units became known as the Red Guard. The official date of the creation of the Red Army is considered to be February 23, 1918. Until 1946, the armed forces were officially called the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Red Army, since 1946 Soviet Army.

Commanders Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov Born on February 12, 1900 in Serebryanye Prudy, near Venev, Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov was the son of a peasant. From the age of 12 he worked as a saddler's apprentice, and when he turned 18 he joined the Red Army. In 1918, during civil war, he participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn later - Stalingrad, and in 1919 he joined the CPSU b and was appointed regiment commander. In 1925, Chuikov graduated from the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze, then participated

Nowadays, few people remember that shoulder straps in the Soviet Army were different color: red armored ones were for motorized riflemen (infantry), burgundy for the VV (internal troops), black for tankers, artillery, etc., green for border guards, blue for airborne forces and aviation, etc.

Have you ever wondered why you almost never saw discharges with red shoulder straps in civilian life? Only the airborne forces, border guards and sailors differed and were distinguished by a different form. All the others had black shoulder straps, and only the badges on the buttonholes were different?

And this was explained very simply. Almost all demobilizers from combined arms units, which spent their entire service wearing red SA shoulder straps, went to demobilization with black ones. Neither commanders nor political workers prevented them from doing this, and even, on the contrary, they made sure that everyone quit “in the dark.”

In another case, the demobilizer’s chances of getting home safely were rapidly decreasing. Our country is large, and most often a soldier had to travel several days to get home, during which, if he had red shoulder straps on his shoulders, he could almost be guaranteed to get a knife in the side in some dirty vestibule or in the back streets of a station for toilet. The whole point is that the burgundy shoulder straps of BB (a person with art education I would even say that it’s more like a “kraplak”) differed only slightly in color from the red SA, and in a country where the majority of the population had the opportunity to come into contact with the prison system, the fierce hatred of bearers of the letters BB on red shoulder straps significantly outpaced the speed of reading letters, if at all it came to this...

I can’t say that it was like this absolutely everywhere, but in most parts it was like that. Maybe somewhere in major cities in crowded places and during daylight hours, it was possible to appear “in red” without taking much risk, but the majority of the population of the USSR does not live “in the center”, but where God is high, power is far away, and the bear is the boss in the forest...

Therefore, now, when the press has begun a campaign to protect the fighters of the Russian National Guard and police officers and members of their families, who are allegedly threatened with death through social media for harshness towards citizens who are detained at mass events, this is hardly a surprise for our country...

First, they created a structure, subordinated it to virtually the same former Internal Troops, as a result of which many military officers refused to serve in it, because for them the very idea of being subordinate to the “guards” and using force against their own citizens turned out to be wild. Then they showed how “guardsmen”, eight to ten people per person, loaded girls, students and random passers-by into paddy wagons. Then they began to imprison for significant periods those who “touched the body armor with their hands and caused pain and suffering to the guardsmen.” Now they are surprised that the guards, to put it mildly, do not attract the love of the population.

Caught between orders from their superiors (often “oral” and not always legal) and people who do not always break the law, “law enforcement officers” are increasingly “jumping off the handle” for minor reasons, as in two cases yesterday...

Where are we going and what are we doing? Maybe, before it’s too late, not knowing what to do, we will begin to act according to the LAW, which will be the same for everyone?

P.S. This article unexpectedly received a lot of responses on social networks and online media. Thanks to EVERYONE who did not remain indifferent and contributed their part to this story.
I collected the most interesting comments here:

Vit Adams And so it was. “Black shoulder straps mean a clear conscience.”

Dmitry Shevtsov Good article. She is 99% correct about history... about explosives and the dislike of troops among ordinary people.

Bryansk Lukhari resort
I confirm the author. In 1982, my brother was demobilized from the Urals from the VV, and came home wearing a demobilization parade, but with black shoulder straps of the SA and combined arms chevrons. He said that many from afar did not make it safely, they were caught at train stations and on trains and beaten half to death, their uniforms were torn, and their money and documents were taken away.

Galley foreman
A good article, informative, with an excursion into history for comparison with the present. I fully support the premise, and I completely share the author’s point of view on this issue. Law enforcement officers must act strictly within the law when carrying out their work, especially when we are not talking about criminals, but about ordinary citizens, whose civil rights they have no right to suppress. Even with the permission of their superiors, otherwise they themselves turn into criminals. The protection of a certain group of persons (the untouchable) should not be carried out to the detriment of everyone else. That is why there is a law, and as the author correctly noted, everyone should be equal before it. Otherwise, law enforcement officers, by not observing the law themselves, encourage others to disobey it. And this is the great responsibility of the authorities.

current
He served in the 80s, in the navy. I remember these stories about VVshnikov, it happened, they changed clothes, but not everything is so terrible! It was more likely that such horror stories influenced 20-year-old soldiers than that in reality everything was so sad. But this is my private, subjective opinion.

AlexV
In the early 80s, former soldiers who served in Far East and in Siberia, they went to demobilization mainly by trains along the Trans-Siberian Railway. (At that time, there was no asphalt on the Moscow-Vladivostok road in some places at all, and this railway, built under the Tsar, carried a huge amount of cargo. Lying on the second shelf of the car, sometimes it swayed and it threw so much that some drunks, and even sober ones, fell down to the floor. It was in such carriages that the “Red Pogonnik” rode home. They were distinguished by their shoulder straps and even without them - by their well-fed face and sleek hands. It was not entirely pleasant for them. .He also said that here and there, near the railway embankment, bodies were discovered that had “fallen” from the carriages. That’s why almost everyone went home, dressed in “civilian clothes”, and did not remember about their “red-shouldered” service for the protection of prisoners and camps. Unless he was drunk, as a result of which there was a chance of getting hit in the side. The author of these lines at that time was also a soldier and wore black shoulder straps. Sometimes the train with the equipment went separately, and we went to a new place on the Trans-Siberian Express. We had our hands. in sores and abscesses (climate, diesel fuel, lack of TB) and carried backpacks, overcoats and machine guns with them. The people on the train treated us well, many even offered us a drink and a snack, and we felt that the country around us was ours, common to everyone. And then one day it all ended, because we were sent to fulfill our “international duty.”

Alexander L
They were called Vovans.

In connection with the change in the uniform of officers by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 70, the everyday shoulder straps of officers and generals became green with a pattern similar to the pattern on gold shoulder straps. The stars on the casual uniform remain golden and silver in color.

In 1963, the insignia of the rank of Petty Officer was changed. The former, called “sergeant’s hammer” in soldier’s jargon, is replaced by a wide stripe running along the shoulder strap. Petty officers have a red patch on their khaki field uniform.

Since January 1973, two letters “SA” were introduced on the shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants (metal on ceremonial uniforms and plastic on overcoats and everyday uniforms) to distinguish soldiers and sergeants of the army from sailors, sergeants and foremen of the fleet, the letter “F” was introduced in the fleet or for the fleets “SF”, “TF”, “BF”, “Black Sea Fleet”, as well as military personnel of the internal troops, border troops and KGB units - letters “VV”, “PV”, “GB”. Somewhat later, the letter “K” was introduced on the shoulder straps of military school cadets (order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 81-73). The shoulder straps and buttonholes on the dress and everyday uniforms of soldiers and sergeants became colored with yellow (golden) stripes. Khaki shoulder straps with red stripes remained only on field soldiers' and sergeants' uniforms. Cadets have the same shoulder straps on all types of uniforms.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated November 18, 1971, from 1972, a new category was added to the scale of ranks of the USSR Armed Forces, standing between sergeants and officers, “Warrant Officers and Midshipmen.” In the army in this category there is one rank, “Ensign,” and in the navy, “Midshipman.” The ceremonial shoulder straps of ensigns have a checkerboard color pattern depending on the type of military service. Everyday and field shoulder straps of warrant officers have the same pattern and green color. Two stars and golden emblems on ceremonial and everyday shoulder straps and green on field shoulder straps.

In 1980, a new rank of “Senior Warrant Officer” was added to the category “Warrant Officers and Midshipmen” and in the navy “Senior Warrant Officer”. He wore three stars in a vertical row.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated November 1, 1974, the insignia of the rank “Army General” was changed. Instead of four general stars, one large star is introduced for them in one vertical row, like the marshals of the military branches. In place of the emblems of the military branches of the army generals, a sewn combined arms emblem is placed. In addition to changing the shoulder straps, the army generals were given a marshal's star on their tie, which previously only marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals and chief marshals of the military branches had.

Everyday shoulder straps

Colors of shoulder straps for soldiers, sergeants, cadets and warrant officers:

combined arms and infantry (motorized rifles) - scarlet;
aviation and airborne forces - blue;
all other branches of the military are black.

Colors of gaps and edges for junior, senior and senior officers:

aviation and airborne forces - blue;
all other types of troops are scarlet.

Field shoulder straps

Since December 1956, the field shoulder straps of officers have lost their colored edgings, and the gaps on the field shoulder straps, instead of the color of burgundy (command personnel) and brown (all others), have become the same for all categories of officers, but the color is based on the type of troops:

motorized rifles and combined arms - crimson;
artillery, armored forces - red;
aviation - blue;
all technical troops are black.

Ranks and insignia

Soldiers			Sergeants					Ensigns
Shoulder straps to everyday uniform
Rank	Private	Corporal	Jr. sergeant	Sergeant	Art. sergeant	Sergeant Major (until 1963)	Sergeant Major (since 1963)	Ensign (since 1971)	Art. ensign (since 1981)
Sailors			Petty Officers					Midshipmen
Shoulder straps to everyday uniform
Rank	Sailor	Art. sailor	Sergeant Major 2 articles	Sergeant Major 1 articles	Main foreman	Midshipman (until 1963)	Midshipman (1963−1971) Ch. ship's foreman (since 1971)	Midshipman (since 1971)	Art. midshipman (since 1981)

Junior officers					Senior officers			Senior officers
Shoulder straps to everyday uniform
Rank	Jr. lieutenant	Lieutenant	Art. lieutenant	Captain	Major	Lieutenant colonel	Colonel	Major General	Lieutenant General	Colonel General	Army General (until 1974)	Army General (since 1974)
Junior Navy officers					Senior Navy officers			Senior Navy officers
Shoulder straps to everyday uniform

samarapedsovet.ru