In recent years all over the planet observed increase in floods. The largest number of such disasters occurs in the countries of the Asian region. Of these, China ranks first, with 58 floods occurring over the four years analyzed. Asia is followed by the United States, which experienced 52 floods over the same period. In countries such as Russia, Mexico, Australia, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam, Korea, and the Philippines, more than ten floods were recorded in the same four years.

Where do floods most often occur?

Bangladesh, unfortunately, more than any other country in the world, suffers from natural floods. This state is located relatively low above sea level, has a mostly flat surface, many small and large rivers, such as the Ganges, Meghna and Brahmaputra. With such geographical conditions During a flood, the flooded area is 2/3 of the entire territory of the country.

Every year, the economic damage from increasingly frequent floods only increases. Climatologists and other scientists attribute this to overall climate warming, as well as unwise policies for the use of natural resources.

With this trend, floods will only become more frequent and worse throughout the world, and no country is immune from this.

Traceable dependence of floods on the time of year, greatest number observed in the spring and summer seasons, when there is increased melting of ice and river flooding. IN winter time years when most reservoirs and rivers are frozen and the general temperature is low, there are fewer floods.

Typically, floods last from 3 to 7 days. But in Lately duration natural Disasters increases. For example, in 1999, 20 floods lasting more than 30 days were recorded. This is also due to global warming and increased melting of ice at the poles. If this trend continues, floods lasting up to 1.5-2 months in most regions will become the norm. Moreover, even those regions that previously did not experience flooding at all will suffer from them.

Increasing number of floods is currently more acute than ever and requires increased attention and informed decisions.

The territory of Russia, in comparison with other states located in seismically active regions, is generally characterized by moderate seismicity. But in our country there are also places where there is strong shaking, and therefore it can be extremely dangerous to live.

Kuril Islands and Sakhalin

The Kuril Islands and Sakhalin are part of the volcanic Belt of Fire Pacific Ocean. In fact, the Kuril Islands are the tops of volcanoes rising above the surface of the ocean, and volcanoes played an important role in the formation of Sakhalin. Every day, seismic stations record tremors in this area.
On the night of May 28, 1995, the largest earthquake in Russia in the last hundred years occurred on Sakhalin. Neftegorsk was completely destroyed. Despite the fact that the intensity of the tremors barely exceeded 7 points on a 12-point scale, large-block earthquake-resistant houses collapsed. 2040 people were killed, more than 700 were injured. The real tragedy was that on this day the high school students had their graduation. The building where the school ball was held collapsed, burying the graduates.
As always during earthquakes, rescuers recorded miraculous rescues. For example, one man fell into the basement of a house, where he was able to eat leftover pickles for many days and survived.

Kamchatka

The peninsula is also part of the Pacific volcanic belt. There are 29 active volcanoes and dozens of “dormant” ones in Kamchatka. Small tremors associated with tectonic processes and volcanic activity are recorded every day. Fortunately, most earthquakes occur at sea and in sparsely populated areas.
An earthquake with a magnitude of 8.5 that occurred on November 4, 1952 in Avacha Bay was included in the 15 most powerful earthquakes of the 20th century and was called the “Great Kamchatka”. It caused a tsunami that washed away Severo-Kurilsk and reached Japan, Alaska, Hawaii and even Chile.
After this, a network of seismic stations was created in the Far East.

North Caucasus and Black Sea coast

For the danger of this region, residents should “thank” the Arabian Plate, which collides with the Eurasian Plate. Seismologists have a complex name for the region: Crimea-Caucasus-Kopet Dag zone Iran-Caucasus-Anatolian seismically active region. Earthquakes of magnitude 9 and higher often occur here. On the Russian side, the territories of Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetia and North Ossetia are considered dangerous.
The largest events are called the nine-magnitude earthquake in Chechnya in 1976 and the Chkhalta earthquake in 1963. Everyone who was born in the USSR remembers the Armenian Spitak, in which 25 thousand people died.
The Stavropol region is also uneasy. Tremors are felt in the cities of Anapa, Novorossiysk and Sochi. The great Crimean earthquake of 1927 is described in the famous novel “The Twelve Chairs”.

Lake Baikal is located in the middle of a huge rift zone - a fault in the earth's crust. Up to 5-6 thousand tremors are recorded here per year. On the rift line going into Mongolia, there is also its own “valley of dormant volcanoes” on the Oka Plateau in Buryatia.
The most famous earthquake on Lake Baikal, the Tsagan earthquake, occurred on January 12, 1863. Then, on the southeastern shore of Baikal, an entire valley went under water, and Proval Bay was formed.
The last strong earthquake occurred on August 27, 2008. The epicenter was located in the southern waters of Lake Baikal, the strength was 10. In Irkutsk there were 6-7 points. People panicked, ran out into the street, and cellular communications collapsed. In Baikalsk, where the temperature reached 9 points, the work of the pulp and paper mill was interrupted.
Fortunately, most strong earthquakes in this region do not cause casualties, since the area is sparsely populated and multi-story buildings are designed to withstand tremors.

Altai and Tyva

In both Altai and Tuva, complex processes lead to earthquakes. On the one hand, the region is influenced by the huge Hindustan plate, due to the movement of which to the north the Himalayas were formed, and on the other hand, by the Baikal Fault. Seismic activity in the region is increasing.
A 10-magnitude earthquake that occurred on September 27, 2003 caused a lot of noise in Altai. It reached Novosibirsk, Kuzbass and Krasnoyarsk. Six districts of the republic were damaged, the village of Beltir was destroyed, 110 families were left homeless. Buildings in the villages of Kosh-Agach and Aktash were destroyed.
In Tuva, the local population was frightened by the earthquake that occurred on the evening of December 27, 2011. In the villages of the republic, houses cracked and collapsed. Chandeliers swayed in the homes of residents of Abakan and Novokuznetsk. What added to the fear was that it was bitterly cold outside. Seismic activity continued almost throughout the winter. So, in February 2012, seismologists counted more than 700 tremors.

In the vast area of ​​Yakutia, there are two seismic zones. The northern one goes from the Lena delta to the Sea of ​​Okhotsk along the Chersky ridge, the southern one - Baikal-Stanovoi - stretches from Lake Baikal to the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Every day there are two or three tremors here. The strongest earthquake is called the nine-magnitude Oymyakon earthquake of 1971. The tremors were felt over an area of ​​one million square kilometers and reached Magadan. And in April 1989, between the valleys of the Lena and Amur rivers, an 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred over an area of ​​one and a half million square kilometers! The Yakuts themselves claim that the republic accounts for almost a third of all seismic activity in Russia.

Over 300 years, 42 earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 3 to 6.5 were recorded in the Urals.
Recent studies indicate that tremors of up to 7 magnitude are possible here. True, this happens once every 110-120 years. Now there is an increase in seismic activity.
The last strong earthquake occurred on March 30, 2010, near Kachkanar. At the epicenter, the force of the tremors was 5 points. Windows in houses shook, car alarms went off.

Of course, for those who live in the central regions, what is happening on the outskirts of Russia will seem distant, but it turns out that there are events that affect the entire country. So, on May 24, 2013, at the bottom of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, at a depth of 620 kilometers, an 8.0 magnitude shock occurred. The earthquake became unique: it swept across the country and, becoming the fourth in Western Russia over the past 76 years.
This earthquake brought a lot of thrills to the inhabitants of the capital's skyscrapers. Some offices evacuated workers.

At 11:45 a question was received in the Unified State Exam (school) section, which caused difficulties for the student.

Question that caused difficulties

Answer prepared by Uchis.Ru experts

In order to give a complete answer, a specialist was brought in who is well versed in the required topic of “Unified State Examination (school)”. Your question was as follows: “In which areas of our country are floods most common? Name the main reasons.”

After a meeting with other specialists of our service, we are inclined to believe that the correct answer to the question you asked will be as follows:

Floods caused by floods or floods predominate in Russia. Almost all regions of Russia suffer from rain floods: Far East, Western and Eastern Siberia, European part of Russia. The most frequent floods are in the basins of the Amur, Yenisei, Transbaikalia, Middle and Southern Urals, Lower Volga, North Caucasus. Causes of flooding; In most areas, flooding is caused by prolonged rainfall. Floods on rivers are caused by rapid snow melting and ice jams. IN coastal areas During strong winds, surge floods are common. Floods on mountain rivers are caused by active melting of glaciers and snow high in the mountains.

The works that I prepare for students are always rated excellent by teachers. I am already writing student papers. more than 4 years. During this time, I still never returned work completed for revision! If you would like to order help from me, leave a request at

Large floods in Russia are rare, and yet every year the southeastern regions of the country suffer natural disasters in the form of rain and floods. Every year, thousands of people in one of the most influential countries in the world are forced to leave their homes and wait for help from the state, which is usually meager and does not cover all the costs associated with the disaster.

The most destructive floods in Russia

Statistics on floods and natural disasters in Russia are becoming more significant every year. It's all to blame global warming And maximum amount precipitation that usually falls over several days in some regions of the country. The largest floods in Russia took the lives of hundreds of people and deprived thousands of citizens of the country of their property.

In 2001, there was a flood in Yakutia. Eight people died, 43 thousand citizens were injured, 5 thousand houses were destroyed. The flood occurred due to an unprecedented ice jam on the Lena River.

In 2002, there was a flood in the south of the country, the Stavropol Territory was especially affected. This flood claimed the lives of 170 people. One hundred thousand people suffered material damage to one degree or another, and 44 thousand houses were flooded.

In 2004, there was a flood in the Kemerovo region due to the overflow of the local rivers Tom and Kondoma. Five people died, 10 thousand people were injured, 6 thousand houses were destroyed to one degree or another.

In 2010, 30 settlements were flooded in the Krasnodar Territory due to the overflow of mountain rivers. 17 people died. The state suffered damage of 2 billion rubles.

In 2012, one of the worst floods in Kuban occurred. As a result of heavy downpours, five months' worth of precipitation fell in just a few days. 171 people died, more than 30 thousand citizens were injured. The damage to the state amounted to 20 billion rubles.

Causes of the disaster

The total flood in Russia in 2015 prompted attempts to understand the situation. The fact that public utilities, police and city leaders, frankly speaking, come to a standstill after such cataclysms is understandable. After all, an emergency is a complex process that requires complete consolidation and coherence of the work of all city government bodies.

After the “epidemic” of floods, the deputy head of Hydromet commented on the situation and tried to justify his colleagues. Indeed, for the territory of Russia, a flood in summer period- this is the norm, and weather forecasters “predict” the weather very approximately. The cause of the current disaster was a cyclone that brought heavy rains and strong winds - the “successor” of Typhoon Goti. No one has said why storm sewers are not ready in many Russian cities.

Floods in Russia in 2015

According to forecasters from the domestic hydrometeorological center, precipitation for Russian latitudes is more a pattern than a rarity. It is quite difficult to predict summer showers and, as a result, floods due to the heterogeneous structure of clouds. It's nearly impossible to predict the position of every cloud, which is why meteorologists often use the term "spots" when reporting weather forecasts. A cloud can live from five minutes to several hours, and it is not possible to predict the state of each of them.

A similar situation occurred in the summer of 2015. Meteorologists outlined the flood areas in Russia with their inherent blurred boundaries, but no one predicted that a catastrophe would hit both capitals of the country.

This summer's downpours have flooded Krasnodar region, Moscow, Voronezh, Chelyabinsk, Sochi, St. Petersburg, Lipetsk, Kursk.

Flood in Sochi

One of the most catastrophic floods of this year in Russia occurred in the Olympic Sochi. On June 25, 2015, due to heavy rains and, as a result, increased water levels in nearby rivers, most areas of the city were flooded. Floods occur in Sochi every year, but the townspeople did not expect that after the construction of the Olympic storm drains, the city would be flooded on the same scale.

Another major financial adventure came to light in the midst of a natural disaster. On June 26, a state of emergency was declared. The city was paralyzed for several days. City transport did not function. In the airport building there was water at a level of 80 cm from the ground. Thanks to volunteers, utility workers and townspeople, casualties among the population were avoided.

Disaster in major cities of Russia

Flooding in Russia this summer in the country's megacities has caused major disputes between the state leadership and public utilities. This is not surprising, no matter how much the hydrometeorological center warns about the impending bad weather, no one is going to take any steps before the disaster. This happened at the end of June, when “Sochi” downpours hit several regions of the country, heavily watering the capital.

From June 26 to June 28, half of the monthly rainfall fell in Moscow. Utility workers were coping with the accumulation of water on city roads. Several metro stations were flooded.

On June 26, the same cyclone flooded the streets and buildings of Chelyabinsk, Voronezh, Lipetsk and Kursk. There were no casualties in the regions, but significant losses for the country's budget. Many government institutions and public utility construction sites were flooded. The cyclone flooded several streets of the Northern capital.

Latest flood in Russia

In early September 2015, a major flood occurred in Russia, and the Ussuri region suffered. The cause was Typhoon Goni, which had previously raged across Japan. It rained for several days, and two months' worth of precipitation fell. 10 thousand local residents were left without electricity. Eight districts of Ussuriysk were flooded, 300 people had to be evacuated. There were no reports of casualties among the population; volunteers and social services responded promptly, but the Ussuri Zoo lost 27 of its animals.

the site studied various ratings of cities and regions of Russia and found out what the pros and cons of living in Omsk are, judging by the statistics. Let's say right away: we had to look for the advantages under a microscope, and Omsk residents themselves gave the worst ratings to their city in comparison with residents of other regions.

Salary level. 47th place out of 85

At the end of the year, Rosstat calculated the salary rating. Among all 85 regions, the Omsk region was below the average, in only 47th place. The average salary in our region is slightly higher than 32 thousand, which is 10 thousand less than the average for the country as a whole.

Salaries in the Omsk region are 4 thousand less than in the neighboring Novosibirsk region, which is located in 34th place. But the Tyumen region, with a salary of 61 thousand, broke into the top ten. The Magadan region leads the ranking. Eastern region became the only one where the average salary exceeded 100 thousand. Interestingly, only 2.5% of workers in our region receive a salary of more than 100 thousand.

Middle class. 43rd out of 85

In all developed countries the middle class is considered the basis of the state. In our country, the middle class means a family that can afford to buy a car on credit, take out a mortgage on an apartment, and after monthly payments, each family member should still have more than two subsistence minimums left. This is such a complex scheme.

In Omsk, Rosstat counted only 11.5% of such families, which is 3% less than the national average. The last places in the ranking are occupied by the republics of the Caucasus, and the regions of the Far North are in the lead, where the size of the middle class reaches 45%. Moscow and St. Petersburg, with just over 25%, are in 7th and 8th place in the ranking, respectively.

With alcohol consumption in our region, everything is relatively normal. The Sober Russia Society has been compiling the “Regional Sobriety Rating” for five years now. Every year the republics of the North Caucasus take the lead. And the regions of the Far North and Primorye close the ranking. The most non-drinkers after regions with a predominance of Muslims were Tyumen residents, who took 6th place this year.

Omsk is in 34th place. Surprisingly, despite the dominance of alcohol stores, statistics show that people in our region drink less than the national average. Among our neighbors, the most alcohol is consumed in the Kurgan region, which is among the ten most drinking regions of Russia.

But we have a real problem with the construction sector. It is not surprising that it would seem so simple task how the renovation of facades resulted in large-scale problems for the city and repeated postponements of the completion of work.

The Omsk region was in the bottom twenty in terms of the number of square meters put into operation per capita. Our neighbors in the rating were the Kurgan and Tomsk regions, located in 68 and 70 places, respectively. In our and neighboring regions, they build a little more than a quarter of a square meter per person per year, which is two times less than the national average.

Leading by a large margin are Moscow and Leningrad region, where more than a square meter of housing is built per person. But in third place are our neighbors from Tyumen, where they are building 0.9 square meters per person. It is not surprising that in 10 years Tyumen has grown by a third and in the coming years plans to become a million-plus city. Novosibirsk region also ranked at the top of the ranking, in 16th place.

Debt burden of the population. 41st out of 85

Rosstat also calculated the amount of loans Russians took out. In this ranking, the Omsk region was in the middle of the list, in 41st place. On average, each resident of our region has a debt of almost two hundred thousand rubles, which is more than half of the amount that the average Omsk resident will earn this year. However, our neighbors are doing even worse with loans. Thus, residents of the Novosibirsk and Tyumen regions are in 75th and 78th places in the ranking, respectively. They took out loans for two-thirds of their annual salary. And the Kurgan region is among the three most heavily indebted regions. People there, if they decide to pay off all their loans in one year, will have just over a quarter of their income left.

Kalmykia is in last place in the ranking, where the amount of loans is close to annual income. But in Ingushetia, Crimea, Dagestan and Chechnya they hardly take out loans. There, people must give banks less than one-fifth of their annual income.

Mortgage. 34th out of 85

Rosstat also calculated what percentage of Russians pay their mortgage. In our region, every fifth able-bodied person bought a home with a mortgage, which corresponds to the national average. Approximately the same indicators are observed throughout the Siberian region. Only the Novosibirsk region stands out, located in 11th place, where about a quarter of the population pays for a mortgage, and the Tyumen region with 28%, which is among the top three in the ranking.

Comfort and accessibility of the urban environment combined with the cost of living. 84th out of 100

This year, the Institute of Territorial Planning "Urbanica" studied the convenience and cost of living in a hundred largest cities Russia. The affordability of housing, purchasing power, traffic jams, the level of amenities, including the illumination of the city, the environmental situation and some other factors were taken into account.

Our city ended up in 16th place, but only from the end. Even neighboring Kurgan, which is inferior to Omsk in almost all rankings, was twelve places higher, to say nothing of Tyumen, which almost made it into the top three best cities, eventually finishing in fourth place.

The leaders were sunny Krasnodar, Surgut and St. Petersburg, but Moscow was in 52nd place. Sevastopol, Biysk and Ussuriysk completed the list.

Quality of the urban environment. 15th out of 15

The Russian Ministry of Construction also rated cities this year based on the quality of their urban environment. When compiling the rating, six parameters were taken into account: housing, street, public, business and social and leisure infrastructure, green and water spaces, as well as citywide space.

A total of 1,114 settlements in the country were assessed. And in its category of million-plus cities, Omsk took last place. Interestingly, according to the urban environment index, Omsk, with its 104 total points, was even ahead of other settlements in the region. Thus, Kalachinsk scored 151 points, Isilkul - 147 points, Tara - 145 points, Tyukalinsk - 137 points, Nazyvaevsk - 123 points.

No one locality our region did not score 180 points required to recognize the city as comfortable. The leaders in comfort among Siberian cities were Krasnoyarsk and Tyumen, scoring 189 and 212 points, respectively.

Quality of life (according to residents themselves). 78th of 78

The Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation conducted a study among residents of cities with a population of over 250 thousand people.

Citizens were asked to evaluate six parameters: roads and transport, the development of education and culture, the state of the housing stock and improvement of the city, the work of local authorities, the quality of medical care, general position affairs in the city.

Despite the fact that Omsk residents highly rated the condition of roads, medicine and culture separately, the overall assessment of the quality of life turned out to be the lowest among all the cities studied.

Our neighbors from Tyumen and Novosibirsk also rated their overall quality of life lower than individual indicators. The Tyumen team was in 26th place, and the Novosibirsk team was in 63rd place. Although, according to the total rating of all six categories, these cities took 3rd and 12th places, respectively. Kazan and Grozny topped the rating.

Tourism development. 11th out of 63

Based on the results of the All-Russian tourism award “Route of the Year” in 2019, a rating of regions most actively involved in tourism development was compiled. In total, more than 500 projects from 63 regions of the country were submitted for participation in the award this year.

The first three places were taken by a large margin Nizhny Novgorod Region, Moscow and Udmurtia. Omsk also appeared at the top of the ranking, taking 11th place. Beyond the Urals, more attention is paid to the development of tourism only in Buryatia. But Tyumen, which does not have a rich history, closed the list, gaining only one point. Novosibirsk did not submit a single tourism development project for the award and was not included in the rating at all.

Population migration. 10th out of 10

According to Novosibirskstat, in the past year the Omsk region was last in the Siberian federal district by the ratio of residents who arrived and left. Over the nine months of this year, more than 45 thousand people left our region, and less than 37 thousand arrived. Thus, the absolute population decline amounted to 8.5 thousand people, which is 2.5 thousand more than the average for the Siberian Federal District.

But people, on the contrary, go to neighboring Novosibirsk. In the first 9 months of the outgoing year, 7 thousand more people settled there than left.

Resettlement of compatriots. 1st of 10

But in terms of the number of compatriots who arrived from abroad, our region confidently leads in Siberia and ranks overall 7th among all regions of Russia. Over the past ten years, more than 35 thousand people from near and far abroad have moved to our region. This year alone, more than 2 thousand compatriots who previously lived in other countries moved to us.