Main professional educational programs

07.05.2020

1. Educational programs determine the content of education. The content of education should promote mutual understanding and cooperation between people, nations, regardless of racial, national, ethnic, religious and social affiliation, take into account the diversity of worldview approaches, promote the realization of the right of students to freely choose opinions and beliefs, ensure the development of the abilities of each person, the formation and development of his personality in accordance with the spiritual, moral and socio-cultural values accepted in the family and society. Content vocational education And vocational training must provide qualifications.

2. In Russian Federation on the levels of general and vocational education, on vocational training, the main educational programs, By additional education- additional educational programs.

3. The main educational programs include:

1) basic general education programs - educational programs preschool education, educational programs of primary general education, educational programs of basic general education, educational programs of secondary general education;

2) basic professional educational programs:

a) educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, training programs for mid-level specialists;

b) educational programs higher education- Bachelor's programs, specialist's programs, master's programs, programs for the preparation of scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate (adjuncture) studies, residency programs, assistant-internship programs;

3) basic vocational training programs - programs vocational training on professions of workers, positions of employees, retraining programs for workers, employees, advanced training programs for workers, employees.

4. Additional educational programs include:

1) additional general education programs - additional general developmental programs, additional pre-professional programs;

2) additional professional programs - advanced training programs, professional retraining programs.

5. Educational programs are independently developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

6. Educational programs for preschool education are developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities in accordance with the federal state educational standard for preschool education and taking into account the relevant exemplary educational programs for preschool education.

7. Organizations carrying out educational activities in accordance with state-accredited educational programs (with the exception of educational programs of higher education implemented on the basis of educational standards approved by educational institutions of higher education independently), develop educational programs in accordance with federal state educational standards and taking into account the relevant exemplary main educational programs.

8. Educational organizations of higher education, which, in accordance with this Federal Law, have the right to independently develop and approve educational standards, develop appropriate educational programs of higher education based on such educational standards.

9. Exemplary basic educational programs are developed taking into account their level and focus on the basis of federal state educational standards, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

10. Exemplary basic educational programs are included, based on the results of the examination, in the register of exemplary basic educational programs, which is the state information system. The information contained in the register of exemplary basic educational programs is publicly available.

11. The procedure for developing exemplary basic educational programs, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of exemplary basic educational programs, features of the development, examination and inclusion in such a register of exemplary basic professional educational programs containing information constituting state secret, and exemplary basic professional educational programs in the field of information security, as well as organizations that are granted the right to maintain a register of exemplary basic educational programs, are established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.

12. Authorized bodies are involved in the examination of exemplary basic general educational programs, taking into account their level and focus (in terms of taking into account regional, national and ethno-cultural characteristics). state power subjects of the Russian Federation.

13. The development of exemplary programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate studies is provided by the federal executive authorities and federal state bodies in which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for military or other service equivalent to it, service in the internal affairs bodies, service in the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, exemplary postgraduate internship programs - the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of culture, exemplary residency programs - the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare.

14. In the cases established by this Federal Law, authorized federal state bodies develop and approve exemplary additional professional programs or standard additional professional programs, in accordance with which organizations engaged in educational activities develop appropriate additional professional programs.

15. In the cases established by this Federal Law and other federal laws, the authorized federal state bodies develop and approve exemplary vocational training programs or standard vocational training programs, in accordance with which organizations engaged in educational activities develop appropriate vocational training programs.

1. Educational programs determine the content of education. The content of education should promote mutual understanding and cooperation between people, nations, regardless of racial, national, ethnic, religious and social affiliation, take into account the diversity of worldview approaches, promote the realization of the right of students to freely choose opinions and beliefs, ensure the development of the abilities of each person, the formation and development of his personality in accordance with the spiritual, moral and socio-cultural values accepted in the family and society. The content of vocational education and vocational training should ensure the acquisition of qualifications.

2. In the Russian Federation, basic educational programs are implemented in terms of the levels of general and vocational education, in terms of vocational training, and additional educational programs in terms of additional education.

3. The main educational programs include:

1) basic general education programs - educational programs of preschool education, educational programs of primary general education, educational programs of basic general education, educational programs of secondary general education;

2) basic professional educational programs:

a) educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, training programs for mid-level specialists;

b) educational programs of higher education - bachelor's degree programs, specialist's degree programs, master's programs, programs for the preparation of scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school (adjuncture), residency programs, assistantship-internship programs;

3) basic vocational training programs - vocational training programs for the professions of workers, positions of employees, retraining programs for workers, employees, advanced training programs for workers, employees.

4. Additional educational programs include:

1) additional general education programs - additional general developmental programs, additional pre-professional programs;

2) additional professional programs - advanced training programs, professional retraining programs.

5. Educational programs are independently developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

9. Exemplary basic educational programs are developed taking into account their level and focus on the basis of federal state educational standards, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

11. The procedure for developing exemplary basic educational programs, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of exemplary basic educational programs, features of the development, examination and inclusion in such a register of exemplary basic professional educational programs containing information constituting a state secret, and exemplary basic professional educational programs in areas of information security, as well as organizations that are granted the right to maintain a register of exemplary basic educational programs, are established by the federal executive body responsible for developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

12. Authorized state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are involved in the examination of exemplary basic general educational programs, taking into account their level and focus (in terms of taking into account regional, national and ethno-cultural characteristics).

13. The development of exemplary programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate studies is provided by the federal executive authorities, in which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for military or other service equivalent to it, service in the internal affairs bodies, service in the bodies for controlling the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances , exemplary postgraduate internship programs - the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of culture, exemplary residency programs - the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare .

1. Educational programs determine the content of education. The content of education should promote mutual understanding and cooperation between people, nations, regardless of racial, national, ethnic, religious and social affiliation, take into account the diversity of worldview approaches, promote the realization of the right of students to freely choose opinions and beliefs, ensure the development of the abilities of each person, the formation and development of his personality in accordance with the spiritual, moral and socio-cultural values accepted in the family and society. The content of vocational education and vocational training should ensure the acquisition of qualifications.

3. The main educational programs include:

2) basic professional educational programs:

a) educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, training programs for mid-level specialists;

4. Additional educational programs include:

1) additional general education programs - additional general developmental programs, additional pre-professional programs;

2) additional professional programs - advanced training programs, professional retraining programs.

5. Educational programs are independently developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

9. Exemplary basic educational programs are developed taking into account their level and focus on the basis of federal state educational standards, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

11. The procedure for developing exemplary basic educational programs, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of exemplary basic educational programs, features of the development, examination and inclusion in such a register of exemplary basic professional educational programs containing information constituting a state secret, and exemplary basic professional educational programs in areas of information security, as well as organizations that are granted the right to maintain a register of exemplary basic educational programs, are established by the federal executive body responsible for developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

Educational programs determine the content of education.

Educational program, developed on the basis of the federal educational standard (educational standard), is a complex of the main characteristics of education (volume, content, planned results), organizational and pedagogical conditions and forms of certification. The complex of the above characteristics is presented in the form of a curriculum, a calendar study schedule, work programs subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and teaching materials(Art. 2 p. 9 of the commented Law).

In Art. 3 of the commented Law, among the basic principles of state policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education, the humanistic nature of education is fixed. In accordance with this principle, the legislator in part 1 of the commented article established that the content of education should promote “mutual understanding and cooperation between people, nations, regardless of racial, national, ethnic, religious and social affiliation, take into account the diversity of worldview approaches, promote the realization of the right of students to free choice of opinions and beliefs, ensure the development of the abilities of each person, the formation and development of his personality in accordance with the spiritual, moral and socio-cultural values accepted in the family and society”

As for the content of vocational education and vocational training, it should provide a qualification - the level of knowledge, skills, abilities and competence that characterizes readiness to perform a certain type of professional activity.

Legislation divides educational programs into basic and additional, depending on the level of education at which these programs are implemented.

Main educational programs (GEP) are implemented by the levels of general and vocational education, as well as by vocational training.

Additional educational programs implemented through additional education.

The system of educational programs can be represented as follows.

Educational programs in the Russian Federation

1. Basic educational programs

1.1. Main general education programs :

1.1.1. educational programs of preschool education;

1.1.2. educational programs of primary general education;

1.1.3. educational programs of basic general education;

1.1.4. educational programs of secondary general education.

1.2. Main professional educational programs:

1.2.1. educational programs of secondary vocational education

1.2.1.a. training programs for skilled workers and employees;

1.2.1.b. training programs for mid-level specialists;

1.2.2. educational programs of higher education:

1.2.2.a. undergraduate programs;

1.2.2.b. specialist's programs;

1.2.2.c. master's programs;

1.2.2.y. programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school (adjuncture);

1.2.2.d. residency programs;

1.2.2.f. apprenticeship programs.

1. 3. Basic programs of professional learning:

1.3.1. professional training programs for the professions of workers, positions of employees;

1.3.2. retraining programs for workers and employees;

1.3.3. advanced training programs for workers and employees.

2. Additional educational programs

2.1. Additional general education programs:

2.1.1. additional general developmental programs;

2.1.2. additional pre-professional programs.

2.2. Additional professional programs:

2.2.1. professional development programs;

2.2.2. professional retraining programs.

As a general rule, an organization carrying out educational activities independently develops and approves its educational programs.

Educational programs for preschool education are developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool education and taking into account the relevant exemplary educational programs for preschool education (part 6 of the commented article).

Organizations carrying out educational activities according to state-accredited educational programs develop educational programs in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards and taking into account the relevant exemplary basic educational programs (part 7 of the commented article).

An exception is legislatively fixed from this rule, provided for educational institutions of higher education that have the right to independently develop and approve educational standards. Such organizations develop educational programs of higher education independently on the basis of their own educational standards.

The list of educational organizations endowed with such a right is established by Part 10 of Art. 11 of the commented law. It includes:

Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov and St. Petersburg State University;

Educational organizations of higher education, in respect of which the category "federal university" is established;

Educational organizations of higher education, in respect of which the category "national research university" is established;

Federal state educational organizations of higher education, the list of which is approved by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 9, 2008 No. 1332 “On approval of the list of federal state educational organizations of higher education that have the right to develop and approve independently educational standards for all levels of higher education”) .

As already noted, educational organization forms its educational program on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard and taking into account the relevant exemplary basic educational programs.

Under exemplary core curriculum is understood as educational and methodological documentation that determines the recommended volume and content of education of a certain level and (or) a certain focus, the planned results of mastering the educational program, approximate conditions for educational activities, including approximate calculations of the standard costs of providing public services for the implementation of the educational program.

The composition of such educational and methodological documentation includes:

sample curriculum,

Approximate calendar study schedule,

Exemplary work programs of educational subjects, courses, disciplines (modules).

Exemplary programs are developed according to:

basic general education programs:

Educational programs of preschool education;

Educational programs of primary general education;

Educational programs of basic general education;

Educational programs of secondary general education;

main professional educational programs:

- educational programs of secondary vocational education (training programs for skilled workers, employees, training programs for mid-level specialists);

Educational programs of higher education (bachelor's degree programs, specialist's programs, master's programs, programs for the preparation of scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school (adjuncture), residency programs, assistant-internship programs);

Basic educational programs in terms of subjects, courses, disciplines (modules).

The procedure for developing exemplary basic educational programs, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of exemplary basic educational programs is approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated May 28, 2014 No. 594 “On approval of the Procedure for developing exemplary basic educational programs, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of basic educational programs").

Projects of exemplary basic general education programs are developed by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. They are sent by the developers to organize an examination to the federal educational and methodological association for general education (UMO for general education), created by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. If the federal educational institution is the developer of the draft of the exemplary basic general education program, then it independently organizes the examination of the draft of the exemplary basic general education program.

Authorized state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are involved in the examination of exemplary basic general educational programs, taking into account their level and focus (in terms of taking into account regional, national and ethno-cultural characteristics).

Exemplary programs in terms of subjects, courses, disciplines (modules) aimed at obtaining knowledge by students about the fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of the Russian Federation, about moral principles, about the historical and cultural traditions of the world religion (world religions), are subject to examination in a centralized religious organizations for compliance of their content with the dogma, historical and cultural traditions of this organization in accordance with its internal regulations.

Projects of exemplary main professional programs sent by the developers to organize the examination in educational and methodological associations in the system of vocational education.

The development of exemplary programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate studies is provided by the federal executive authorities, in which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for military or other service equivalent to it, service in the internal affairs bodies, service in the bodies for controlling the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Such federal executive bodies include the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, the Federal Drug Control Service of the Russian Federation, etc. In accordance with the Federal Law of June 4, 2014 No. amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on issues military service in the bodies of the military prosecutor's office and military investigative bodies of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation "the number of such bodies will include investigative committee RF.

The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation provides for the development of exemplary internship programs, and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation is responsible for the development of exemplary residency programs.

In accordance with part 10 of the commented article, exemplary basic educational programs are included, based on the results of the examination, in the register of exemplary basic educational programs, which is the state information system. The information contained in this register is publicly available.

Organizations that are granted the right to maintain a register are established by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

The register is maintained by the operator by:

Entering in the register the details of the decision to approve the exemplary program, the details of the decision to transfer the exemplary program to the section of the archive for which such a decision was made;

Technical support for the functioning of the registry;

Automated processing of information contained in the registry;

Providing access to sample programs contained in the registry;

Ensuring the safety of information contained in the registry;

Ensuring the protection of information contained in the registry.

An exemplary program, after approval, is sent by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation or an educational and methodological association in the vocational education system to the operator, who places the program in the register.

Types of educational programs

General education programs(main and additional) are aimed at solving the problems of forming a general culture of the individual, adapting the individual to life in society, creating the basis for a conscious choice and development of professional educational programs. These include programs:

1) preschool education;

2) primary general education;

3) basic general education;

4) secondary (complete) general education.

Professional educational programs are aimed at solving the problems of consistent improvement of professional and general educational levels, training of specialists of appropriate qualifications. Professional programs include:

1) initial vocational education;

2) secondary vocational education;

3) higher professional education;

4) postgraduate professional education.

The mandatory minimum content of each basic general education program or the main professional education program (for a specific profession, specialty) is established, as already noted, by the relevant state educational standard. As for the normative terms for the development of basic educational programs in state and municipal educational institutions, they are determined by the basic laws of the formations and (or) model regulations on educational institutions of the corresponding types and types or by the relevant state educational standard.

All educational programs, as can be seen from the list of their types, are divided into main And additional. The main difference between them is that additional educational programs are not based on educational standards. Their task is usually to more fully satisfy the various educational needs of the individual. It is appropriate to note that it is additional programs that are directly and closely related to educational services, which will be discussed in more detail in subsequent chapters.

According to the considered main types of educational programs in the Russian education system, there are many other varieties. Thus, the content of the activities of an educational institution is mainly determined by the educational institution itself, its management, collegiate bodies (pedagogical council, academic council), pedagogical workers, taking into account exemplary curricula and programs recommended by state educational authorities, as well as copyright programs approved by the pedagogical or methodological council of the institution.

The emergence of innovative and alternative schools, the recognition by the state of the right to experiment in education have become serious factors in supporting pedagogical creativity. All teachers have the right to the author's program. Teachers have the right to independently choose the topic, content, volume of such a program, they can use exemplary educational programs for their activities. different levels and directions of general or vocational education, can develop a new program, in accordance with their professional interests and creative abilities. This may be a subject curriculum of one thematic focus or a comprehensive integrated program that combines different thematic areas, educational areas or areas of activity. The author's programs are characterized by the features of the course construction logic, the depth of the issues and theories raised in them, the nature of their coverage by the author of the program. These programs are most often used in the teaching of special courses at the choice of students, electives or a deeper study of certain topics of traditional training courses. Such programs are approved in the established educational institution okay.

Widespread today modified educational programs in which the main parameters of the content of subject programs are preserved, but the means, methods, methods, forms of achieving the goal and objectives are changed, which does not require a lot of creative effort from the teacher.

Currently in Russian schools, for example, two types of curricula are widely used: standard and working learning programs. In some cases, personal-individual author's programs are practiced, which are compiled and applied by innovative teachers, masters of pedagogical work.

Typical (exemplary) programs outline only the most generalized, basic circle of general educational knowledge, skills, abilities and a system of leading scientific worldview ideas, as well as the most general recommendations of a methodological nature, listing the necessary and sufficient means and methods of teaching specific to a particular academic subject. Model programs are developed by the relevant executive authority, serve as the basis for the preparation of working school and individual curricula and are advisory in nature.

On the basis of typical study (work) programs, which usually reflect the content of the national-regional component of the corresponding SES, as well as the local (school, university) component, take into account the possibilities of the methodological potential of teaching, as well as information, technical support and, of course, the level of preparedness of students. Typically, the curriculum is structurally composed of three main components:

explanatory note or introduction, which determines the target areas for the study of this particular academic subject in the system of academic disciplines taught within the framework of a general education school or the corresponding specialty in institutions of professional or postgraduate education;

guidelines on the issues of determining the ways of implementing the program, methods, organizational forms, teaching aids, assessing the knowledge, skills and abilities acquired by students in the process of studying this academic subject. Particular attention in the programs in recent years has been justifiably paid to interdisciplinary connections, which are summarized at the end of the content of the main sections. This allows the teacher to show a creative approach to the development of a work program, to lesson planning and the implementation of interdisciplinary connections in real pedagogical reality;

educational and methodological support of the program- a list of educational, scientific, vocabulary and reference literature (basic and additional), legal sources, visual and technical teaching aids, etc., used in the educational process, without which the effectiveness of the classroom and independent work, not to mention distance education, will be reduced to zero.

Questions for self-examination and reflection, practical tasks

1. What, in your opinion, is the expediency and/or necessity of state educational standards? To what extent is the quality of modern education related to the introduction of this educational institution?

2. Expand the political, legal and managerial nature of educational standards.

3. What, in your opinion, is the reason for the diversity of meanings of the concept of "educational program"? How does this concept relate to the concept of "curriculum"?

4. What types of educational and training programs are there? What features are based on their classification?

5. What is the place of SES and educational programs in the mechanism of legal regulation of the education system?

6. Based on the analysis of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and federal law“On higher and postgraduate professional education”, define: a) the principles on which the development of SES and educational programs is based, b) the subjects of the development, adoption, implementation of SES and educational programs and control over their observance.

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