One of the largest, most mysterious and dangerous abandoned Crimean sites is the many kilometers long Inkerman catacombs and adits. The exact time of the appearance of the adits in Inkerman is unknown, but in French photographs of 1856 the catacomb system already existed. In the Inkerman adits, where the vaults reached a height of 5 to 20 meters, and the thickness of the rock from the ceiling to the surface of the earth was 80-100 meters, a unique military city, factory workshops, all kinds of workshops, bases and warehouses were created. Here they created mines, mortars, grenades, repaired guns and tanks, made shovels for sappers, knives and other military equipment, sewed winter and summer uniforms, shoes, and underwear. There was also an underground hospital for 2000 people. In several huge halls there were workshops of a special plant created on the basis of a garment factory, shoe and clothing artels, a bakery, hospitals of the Primorsky Army and Black Sea Fleet, city Hospital. For 250 days and nights, despite the unprecedented density of German artillery fire, the besieged defenders of the city continued to provide the army and navy with everything they needed from underground. Dormitories were set up for civilians in the adits, and children could attend kindergartens and schools. From the memoirs of Alexander Hamadan: "..In the caves and adits of Inkerman there was a large underground city. Factory workshops, all kinds of workshops, bases and warehouses, kindergartens and telegraph offices. In small caves there are modest communal apartments. Light plywood walls divide the cave into a dining room, a bedroom, a children's room... the vaults here are high - you could even roll three-story houses into such a cave. From the ceiling to the surface of the ground - the thickness of the coating is 80 - 100 meters. Here they make mines, mortars, grenades, repair guns and tanks, make shovels for sappers, scissors and knives for scouts, anti-tank and anti-personnel mines, sew winter and summer uniforms, shoes, and underwear. Here soldiers and commanders rest and are treated... In a spacious cave flooded with electric light - kindergarten. The walls are decorated with panels and paintings; portraits of Lenin and Stalin. Kids sit at low tables... Thousands of electric light bulbs sparkle like fairy lights in the huge caves. Sewing machines hum melodiously, mountains of shirts, padded jackets, trousers grow... In front of you is a gigantic hall with a cleanly washed cement floor and a high ceiling. Bright electric light. The unevenness of the stone walls creates the impression of unusualness and originality. You see walls richly decorated with paintings, slogans, and posters. From here you can go to two superbly equipped operating rooms. cleanliness, flow of light, silence. You wander around this underground palace for a long time: a physiotherapy room, soluxes, a dental office, dressing rooms, shower facilities, running water (in caves!), isolation rooms that look like rooms in a first-class hotel. In the wards there are beds covered with snow-white sheets, tables; there are flowers and twigs at the head... Next to the workshops there were “residential areas”. The worker's family was allocated an area of ​​4-6 square meters. This was quite enough to put a bed, table, chairs. Each family erected homemade walls around their “apartment” from sheets, blankets, curtains, and the more efficient ones even built “main” walls from plywood. The result was quite cozy rooms where you could have a good rest after a hard day. The passages between the “apartments” were called “streets” or “avenues”, which were given one name or another. At first it was done as a joke, and then it became firmly established in everyday life. Perfect cleanliness reigned in the rooms. This was strictly monitored: dirt or even uncleanliness posed a serious danger in such overcrowding. In the following halls there were outpatient clinics, a nursery, a kindergarten, a canteen, a cinema, and a club. The premises for the school, which was also supposed to be opened here, were being finished. By the end of December 1941, the transfer of the city underground was completed. 27 adits were built and adapted for storing property. A champagne wine factory was located in 14 adits. At the beginning of the war, part of the reserves of the Massandra wine factory were evacuated to Sovetskaya Balka. The adits housed the technical equipment of the mine and torpedo department, the air force, and the gunpowder artillery depot. Eight adits were free. During the days of defense, in connection with enemy air raids, the task was set to remove all ammunition from open areas in Sukharnaya Balka to the Inkerman adits. Every day, in addition to the bulk of military personnel and workers, the warehouse was allocated 500-600 sailors from coastal units and training detachments and 50-60 cars. Work to remove ammunition was carried out around the clock.

On the morning of June 26, 1942, units of the 25th Infantry Division, 8th Brigade and 3rd Regiment Marine Corps repelled the attacks of the Germans trying to break into the Inkerman Valley. Ours had to retreat to the south. By evening they occupied the line: the bend of the Chernaya River - the Stone Pillar - the Inkerman Monastery - the southern bank of the Inkerman Valley at the mouth of the Chernaya River. At that time, there were over 30 thousand people in Champagne. From day to day they were supposed to join the millions of citizens living quietly in the “temporarily occupied” territories. Under no circumstances should this be allowed to happen! And then a meeting of the Military Council of the Black Sea Fleet took place. It was there that a decision was made on the fate of the Inkerman adits. They and everyone inside should have been blown up. This task was entrusted to the military technician of the engineering battalion Saenko. The head of the special department of the NKVD of the Black Sea Fleet ordered the senior intelligence officer, Captain Sergei Gusev, to accompany the technician and, in case of hesitation, shoot him and carry out the explosion himself. However, this was not required. The explosion was so powerful that it was heard even in Simferopol. This explosion is considered one of the strongest non-nuclear explosions in human history. In each of the adits, three or four boxes of black powder were installed, each with two heavy 200-gram bombs with a primer and a fuse cord. At 2 hours 30 minutes on June 30, 1942, a huge monolithic rock rose into the air, split and with a terrible roar settled down. For several days, the groans of people buried alive could be heard from under the rubble; streams of blood, champagne and wine flowed straight into the Chernaya River. Champagne turned into ruins. There is an assumption that during the explosion, the wounded, women, children and old people remained in the Inkerman adits - about 1,500 people in total.

The penultimate photo is of a man under a large aerial bomb. And here is the view of the opposing side. Of course, Soviet propaganda tried in every possible way to hide this crime, giving the explosion of the adits a different explanation and even glorifying its perpetrator Sayenko: supposedly he brought down a rock on a column of German troops, “several hundred fascists and several hundred tanks, guns, cars died, which were littered with a huge collapsed wall for more than three hundred meters” (from V. Karpov’s book “Commander”), and supposedly there were no more people in the adits. This and other Soviet interpretations are zealously defended by Red patriots, citing similar “facts” from Soviet books. From their point of view, the most truthful Soviet agitprop in the world should be trusted more than evidence ordinary people(like, “one woman said”, “I heard a ringing...”). Here we have to continue and clarify the description of this crime, including on the basis of Soviet publications. It must be said that the above materials are also not free from Soviet distortions. One of them says that only ammunition depots were allegedly blown up, and “the remaining 20 adits (they housed Special Plant No. 2, a champagne factory and a hospital) remained undamaged.” Even the quotation from the testimony of General Manstein is given in a distorted form. Let's turn to the emigrant author N.A. Dugas, a participant in the war, who, using the example of the mentioned Soviet book, shows how to falsify this tragedy. Here are excerpts from his article. "In 1982 in a magazine" New world"(Nos. 5 and 6) a documentary story by Vladimir Karpov “Commander” was published, dedicated to the life and work of General I.E. Petrov (Karpov V. Commander // New World. Moscow. 1982. No. 6. P. 133-141 ) Later the story was published in separate editions... A more or less sophisticated reader easily notices Karpov’s omissions of essential facts or their falsification, and in some places even outright lies. "] the article is not only about inaccuracies, but about the cover-up of the crime and the glorification of the murderers... In a broader scope, the case shows how little we know about the Nazi-Soviet war and the fact that some people are still forgets that in this war the people fought for their homeland, and the party fought for their salvation and for maintaining power over the people... Sayenko’s story [cited in Karpov’s book] is undoubtedly official version events, but compiled rather late and not always consistent with the memories of a number of commanders of the Primorsky Army. Characteristic of this “creativity” - not only “heroism” is praised, but also “high humanism”, careful attitude to a person... I ask the reader to pay attention to three points that break Manstein’s story in Karpov’s book. Behind them lies the essence of both Sayenko’s “heroic feat” and “caring for people.” Let us cite this passage from the field marshal’s memoirs in full, highlighting in italics the passages discarded by Military Publishing House: “A tragedy occurred here that showed with what fanaticism the Bolsheviks fought. High above Inkerman there hung a sheer cliff stretching to the south. Inside there were huge chambers that served as cellars for Crimean champagne. Along with champagne warehouses, the Bolsheviks stored spoiled ammunition. Now they were using the cells to house thousands of wounded and refugees. Just when our troops were entering Inkerman, the entire rock was behind locality trembled from the monstrous force of the explosion and the 30-meter wall collapsed over a distance of 300 meters, burying thousands of people under it. Although this is the act of a few fanatical commissars, it serves as a measure of disregard for human life, which has become the principle of this Asian power "... (ErichvonManstein.VerloreneSiege. Bonn, Atheneum-Verlag, 1955). As we see, in the Soviet edition this quote acquired the opposite meaning : condemnation of the terrible crime of the “Asian power” turned into admiration for the field marshal for the fanatical defense of the homeland by the Bolsheviks... This lie, repeated by Karpov, dominates the entire story of Saenko, who now acquires a special cynicism. It is not true that Saenko supplied the front with shells. being interested in the explosion, he implied a heroic act: Petrov knew the actual state of affairs. From Manstein’s words, it follows that in the Inkerman adits there was a warehouse of spoiled ammunition, a large hospital for the wounded and refugees. Contrary to Sayenko’s statement, Manstein does not say anything about the losses of his troops in people. technology: they couldn’t have happened, because the explosion occurred at a time when German troops they just entered Inkerman from the side opposite from the adits... It’s not true, it’s not true, it’s not true everywhere and all around. Someone may be wondering who to believe: Sayenko or Manstein? The field marshal's version looks more plausible for the very reason that his words about the explosion of the hospital are not refuted, but simply thrown out of the military publishing book. But it was possible, without mutilating the author’s text, to call the inconvenient words “the vile invention of a bankrupt fascist” or something like that - as is usually customary in the Soviet press. Apparently, it was not easy to refute these words. But let's not blindly believe Manstein either. Let's try to get to the truth using messages from Soviet military leaders aware of the events last days defense of Sevastopol. Dugas' article goes on to cite published testimony from four Soviet military leaders and historians. They write that several hospitals were located in the Inkerman quarries, but there was no information about their evacuation. And the head of the operational department of the Primorsky Army, Major A.N. Kovtun writes frankly: “On June twenty-eighth the situation became tragic. There is no way to hide this anymore. The Germans, having captured the shore of Severnaya, are shelling the city across the bay... Medical battalions in the Inkerman adits are under fire. They are reliably protected from fire by the thickness of the Inkerman stone, but the enemy is too close. Where should the wounded be taken? Nowhere... On the night of June 29, the Germans transported troops across the Northern Bay in the Inkerman area... The Germans at the Champanstroy adits. The headquarters of the Chapaevites left there, the medical battalions remained, and not all the wounded were able to be taken to the city. At night there was a big explosion...” (Kovtun A. Sevastopol Diaries // New World. Moscow. 1963. Ns 8. P. 152). Kovtun is a very colorful personality (from the old Cossack family of Kovtunov-Stankevich). Direct, brave man. According to old accounts, Kovtun did not have much love for the “organs”. It is very likely that if it were not for Khrushchev’s “thaw” and the editor A. Tvardovsky, his diaries would not have seen the light of day. Kovtun twice talks about medical battalions left in adits. Once on June 28 and a second time, reporting big bang on the night of July 29 in the Inkerman area, where medical battalions remained that were not evacuated. True, Kovtun’s published notes do not explain what was blown up. Only by comparing his words with the memories of other people can one discern the terrible reality... Morgunov’s book (Morgunov P. Heroic Sevastopol. Moscow. 1979) is informative, although a lot of effort is made in it to obscure the course and meaning of events. Only by putting together all the evidence in the book can we establish that in the Inkerman adits at the end of June there were: naval hospital No. 41 and medical battalion No. 47. Probably, PPG-268 and naval hospital No. 40 were also there. In a day or two Naval Hospital No. 41 was evacuated before the explosion. All other medical institutions remained and, therefore, - which Morgunov does not say - the wounded lying in them died in the explosion... It is easy to notice that in the books of memoirs (either this is the insurance of the authors, or the editors and censorship) a direct indication of co-location of a hospital and an explosives warehouse. If we are talking about a warehouse, then the hospital is not mentioned, and vice versa. This is done clearly in order not to lead the reader to think about the criminal location of an explosives warehouse next to the hospital and the subsequent simultaneous explosion of these two objects. Summarizing the above, we can conclude: in the Inkerman adits nearby there were: large hospitals, warehouses of damaged explosives, a reserve artillery arsenal, some other objects and an unknown number of refugees. On June 28, Sayenko “and his comrades” blew up the arsenal. The monolithic “Sayenko rock” collapsed, burying under it adits with the wounded and refugees... The main milestones of the crime are beyond doubt, but the details are also of interest, making it possible to form a more complete picture. First of all, one should keep in mind that Zayats and Sayenko belong to Beria’s department. The difficult and execution-oriented position of chief of the rear is not entrusted to a person not associated with the NKVD. The same should be said about the commandant of the ammunition depot, the closest employee of the Hare. Further. The explosion of the hospital, located next to the ammunition depot, was foreseen in advance by the “authorities” in the event of abandonment of Sevastopol. There were no plans to evacuate hospitals. And if it was planned by the heads of medical services or the headquarters of the Primorsky Army, it was stopped by the ranks of the NKVD. For Ermolaev, Zayats and their henchmen, the explosives warehouse could only be a convenient pretext for carrying out Stalin’s order No. 270, which was based on the fear that captured soldiers and officers might join forces with the Germans against the party. .. Wherever the decision to blow up a hospital was made - in the local or central administration of the NKVD - the thought that became standard in such situations could not help but arise: blame everything on the Germans... In 1946, Nuremberg trials The USSR Prosecutor's Office presented a document (USSR 63/5, T. VII. 423. "DerProzeß"), which stated that in Inkerman, in the basement of one of the houses, there was a field hospital for medical battalion No. 17. Some of the wounded, who could not be evacuated, ended up into the hands of the Germans. The Germans, having drunk wine (the infirmary was in a wine warehouse!), burned the infirmary along with the wounded. Apparently this early version of No. 1 was created for foreign use. It is still quite modest, the number of deaths is not even indicated... The situation is different with the relatively recent version, let's call it fiction No. 3 (considering Saenkov's story to be fiction No. 2). In the propaganda brochure S.T. Kuzmin’s “Not Subject to Statute of Limitations”, published in a huge edition of 300,000 copies, says: “During the defense of Sevastopol in Inkerman, in the adits of the champagne wine factory there was a military hospital and medical battalion No. 47. After the retreat Soviet army left there a large number of wounded soldiers and commanders who did not have time to evacuate. Among them were city residents who had hidden from the bombing. The Nazis, having captured the plant, set fire to the adits. Witnesses of this tragedy, being close, heard heartbreaking screams, crying and cries for help. In total, 3 thousand civilians (men, women, children), as well as wounded soldiers and officers of the Soviet Army and Navy, died in the adits” (Kuzmin S. Not subject to the statute of limitations. Moscow. Politizdat. 1985- P. 95). This third fiction he proposed almost corresponds to actual events, only the killing of the wounded is redirected to the Germans. The stay in the adits of medical battalion No. 47 and refugees is correctly indicated. The location of the hospital (No. 40), mentioned above, has also been confirmed. But there is a difference: the inhabitants of the adits are destroyed by fire, instead of the adits exploding. (It’s hard to imagine how you can set fire to adits!) Why wasn’t this version “discovered” earlier by that same commission and didn’t appear in the trials of Nazi criminals? The answer should probably be seen in the fact that many witnesses to the events, both Germans and Russians, were still alive. The defense at the trial could even demand an inspection of the adits... So, Karpov in 1982 claims that the Inkerman adits, which served as a warehouse for explosives, were blown up by Sayenko without a single living soul. In 1985, Kuzmin contradicted him: there was no explosion, the same Inkerman adits remained intact and, with thousands of wounded and refugees in them, were burned by the Germans... This is not the place to condemn Kuzmin. I will only say that the fault of him and others like him is that they were not at all interested in solving the many actual Nazi crimes. Their interest was focused on the propaganda side of the matter, for which it was important to use not only real, but also fictitious “crimes” of the Germans. This practice was born in wartime; it was based both on newspaper reports from the front, which were uncontrollably false, and on the inspiration of the “authorities.” The goal was to instill in the soldier and officer a “sacred” hatred of the Germans, greater than it was for the Kremlin rulers. Kuzmin writes frankly about the propaganda orientation of the commission’s “documents”: “One cannot help but note the value of the documents of the Emergency state commission as propaganda material that increased hatred of the enemies of our Motherland, increased the labor enthusiasm of the Soviet people in the rear, and contributed to the offensive impulse of the Soviet troops" (ibid. P. 30).

Sevastopol resisted for 255 days Hitler's troops in 1941-1942 This feat became possible due to the fact that all this time there existed an underground “city within a city”, where factories, a hospital, schools and even cinemas operated. The Inkerman adits became a shelter for thousands of townspeople, and for most of them they turned out to be a place of final peace.

Where are the Inkerman adits?

They represent a system of galleries in the mountain range in the area. No one knows exactly their layout and overall length. These catacombs are the most unknown. Their closest neighbors are the Monastery of St. Sophia and the port on it. A little further - in the east - you can see.

Catacombs on the map of Crimea

Open map

Appearance and tragic history

The passages arose as a result of the extraction of a special type of limestone - Inkerman white stone. Historians do not know the exact time of their appearance: it is assumed that it could have been early Middle Ages. In any case, Byzantine buildings made from such building materials are known. During the period, the French marked adits on their maps of the surrounding area, fearing possible sabotage. But they didn’t go there themselves, and they did the right thing - the sketches were, to put it mildly, inaccurate. Before the Great Patriotic War, a champagne storage facility was built underground in several rooms, after which part of the Inkerman quarries received the name “Champagne” or “Champagne”. But the wine did not have time to age - the Second World War came.

Dungeon Heroes

The period of the “Second Defense of Sevastopol” is associated with heroic and tragic story Inkerman adits, which made them famous. The military used the scale of underground spaces (some had ceilings of 20 m and went 100 m into the depths of the mountains) to create arsenals protected from shelling, arranging shelters for the wounded and townspeople.

The hospital in the quarries was designed for 3,000 beds, but it also accepted a much larger number of victims. According to various sources, at certain moments there could be up to 10,000 Sevastopol residents there; there was an ammunition production plant, repair shops, and a clothing factory (they sewed shoes, uniforms, and warm clothes). Entire residential “streets” and “avenues” were set up for the locals, where each family, as best they could, fenced off small corners for themselves and set up rooms. The sanitary condition was ideal - it was monitored by both the soldiers' doctors and the residents themselves, therefore, despite the overcrowding and the huge number of wounded, there were no epidemics.

Children went to schools and kindergartens; Teenagers, like adults, worked 16 hours a day in production and in the hospital. Films were shown and concerts were held in the dungeons. The huge policy underground lived a full life and worked tirelessly for defense. But Soviet troops couldn't hold him. To prevent the enemy from getting the huge reserves of ammunition concentrated in the local arsenals, the adits were blown up.
Attempts were made to evacuate the victims and civilians, but the Soviet leadership was unable to complete the evacuation.

In June 1942 there was a huge explosion. An entire mountain flew into the air, a battery of large-caliber German guns overturned, and many enemy soldiers were killed. But at this time there were still thousands of people here. After the explosion, according to eyewitnesses, the Germans threw gas bombs into the catacombs and burned alive the wounded trapped there. Exact amount the number of deaths is unknown; at least 1,500 people are believed to have died.

Of course, not the entire population of the underground city perished. A significant part of the people managed to get out from under the rubble or were located at a distance from the epicenter of the explosion, where the damage was insignificant. Their destinies turned out differently. Some died at the hands of the conquerors. But there were also those who lived to see the Victory and to this day and told a lot about the everyday life and death of the Sevastopol defense line.

A short excursion to the Inkerman quarries

The Inkerman adits in Sevastopol today are not a tourist attraction - you can legally see them only from the outside. Only adventurers penetrate inside, and often for unseemly purposes - obtaining weapons. The fact is that the explosion did not destroy all the ammunition. Then, after the war, the catacombs were used as a weapons depot by military units stationed in Inkerman. There were rumors that there were several Hiroshimas lying here, that is, there was a warehouse for atomic weapons (this is complete nonsense!).

After 1961, the warehouses were no longer used, but some things still remained.
Due to the secrecy of military facilities, the dungeons were not studied; photos began to be published only in last years. In 2006, the Ukrainian leadership started talking about the need to neutralize the remaining ammunition underground. But either they didn’t find the money, or they didn’t get around to it. In general, this inheritance went to Russia, and the leadership of Sevastopol notes that today a lot of dangerous goods come from the adits - it’s time to do something about it.

Why not?

This is the main reason why tourists are not allowed to visit the Inkerman adits. Photos can only be taken from the outside and look at the mouths of man-made caves from the outside. Unfortunately, the bans do not apply to many people. Out of curiosity or for easy money, people constantly enter here, not thinking that this requires serious speleological training and reliable equipment. The adventurers have none of this, and post-war statistics speak of 10 adventurers going missing here every year.

How to get (get there) from Sevastopol?

The question of how to get to the Inkerman adits still periodically arises for many. So, you can get here by public transport from different Sevastopol districts; you will need to get off at the bus stop. "Railroad crossing". For example, from Uchkuevka there is minibus No. 60, from the 5th km of the Balaklava highway - No. 103, No. 103a and No. 121, from Nakhimov Square - No. 117, and from

Even the old-timers of Sevastopol do not know the history of this tragic place. The reason is still the same: a thick veil of silence hanging over the secret object. What can we say about the new generation... Several years ago, “The Glory of Sevastopol” told its readers the history of the Inkerman adits.

Since ancient times, here, in the rocks of the Kamenolomennoe ravine ("Sovetskaya Balka"), people built their homes and mined building stone, from which Sevastopol was built. In ancient times, this stone was even sent for the construction of temples in Byzantium, then mosques in Turkey. There is a lot of historical evidence that excellent material was mined here, from which palaces and quarters of Naples, Rome, Athens, and Constantinople were built.

And if we delve into history at all, it is worth remembering that St. was exiled to the Inkerman quarries. Clement, third Pope. The cave he carved can be visited in the St. Clement Monastery, on the other side of the valley. And on the eastern slope of the Kamenolomennoe ravine a tunnel has been preserved; it was cut already in the 18th century during the laying of a water pipeline from the Black River to the Lazarevsky Admiralty.

When you drive along the old winding mountain road leading from the Dergacheva farm to Inkerman, on the right you will notice a picturesque ravine with steep rocks and half-closed secret entrances inside them. Part of the evenly, almost slope-sloping rock ends with bizarre outlines, but what is even more striking is the chaos of huge stone piles. Huge blocks of stone that rolled down the mountain almost to the road, weighing up to 50 tons. These are fragments of Mount Champagne. All these are traces of an explosion of unprecedented force.

Before the war, the adits belonged to a champagne wine factory. With the beginning of the defense of Sevastopol, hospitals, underground schools for children and simply shelters for civilians, as well as Special Plant No. 2 for the production and storage of ammunition, were located here.

From the memoirs of Alexander Hamadan:

“..In the caves and adits of Inkerman there is a large underground city. Factory workshops, all kinds of workshops, bases and warehouses, kindergartens and telegraph offices. In small caves there are modest communal apartments. Light plywood walls divide the cave into a dining room, a bedroom, a children's room... The vaults here are high - 80-100 meters. Here they make mines, mortars, grenades, repair guns and tanks, make shovels for sappers, scissors and knives for scouts, anti-tank and anti-personnel mines, sew winter and summer uniforms, shoes, and underwear. Soldiers and commanders rest and receive treatment here... In a spacious cave, flooded with electric light, there is a kindergarten. The walls are decorated with panels and paintings; portraits of Lenin and Stalin. The kids are sitting at low tables... The unevenness of the stone walls creates the impression of unusualness and originality. You see walls richly decorated with paintings, slogans, and posters. From here you can access two superbly equipped operating rooms. Absolute purity, flow of light, silence. You wander around this underground palace for a long time: a physiotherapy room, soluxes, a dental office, dressing rooms, shower facilities, running water (in caves!), isolation rooms that look like rooms in a first-class hotel. In the wards there are beds covered with snow-white sheets, tables; There are flowers and twigs at the head..."

On the morning of June 26, 1942, units of the 25th Infantry Division, 8th Brigade and 3rd Marine Regiment repelled attacks by Germans trying to break into the Inkerman Valley. By evening we had to retreat to the south and occupied the line: the bend of the Chernaya River - the Stone Pillar - the Inkerman Monastery - the southern bank of the Inkerman Valley at the mouth of the Chernaya River. The question arose about the fate of the Inkerman adits.

In total, there were over 30 thousand wounded, women, children, and old people in Champagne. Any day now, in view of the German advance, they were expected to come out and join the millions of citizens in the “temporarily occupied” territories. Under no circumstances should this be allowed to happen!

And then a meeting of the Military Council of the Black Sea Fleet took place. It was decided that the adits with all the people inside should be blown up. This task was entrusted to a military technician of the engineer battalion, whose name is still unknown. The head of the special department of the NKVD of the Black Sea Fleet ordered the senior intelligence officer, Captain Sergei Gusev, to accompany the technician, in case of hesitation, shoot him and carry out the explosion himself. However, this was not required. The explosion was so powerful that it was heard even in Simferopol...

From the book of the German Field Marshal E. Manstein “Lost Victories”: “On June 29, a general offensive on the inner part of the fortress was supposed to begin... When our troops broke into the village of Inkerman, the entire rock behind the village trembled from the monstrous force of the explosion. A wall 30 meters high collapsed over a length of 300 m... A tragedy occurred here that showed the fanaticism with which the Bolsheviks fought...”

It would be more accurate to call this not just fanaticism, but one of the clear examples of the attitude of the Bolshevik Party towards its own people. In the adits there were not “traitors” or prisoners - “enemies of the people”, who, during the retreat, were mercilessly and extrajudicially shot in prisons everywhere. In the Inkerman quarries there were the city’s own wounded soldiers and civilian defenders, who worked day and night for its defense. There were small children. But their lives meant nothing to the “wise” Soviet leadership.

Yes, Hitler's Nazi policy was criminal and it was necessary to protect the country from the invasion of an external enemy. But was the internal enemy who occupied Russia in 1917 less dangerous? Its destruction and casualties greatly exceed the damage caused by the German invasion (see “Three Figures”). It is still not even known how many Soviet people died from the Germans during the war, and how many from “our own people”, taking into account internal repressions against “enemies of the people”, “barrier detachments”, “penal battalions”, politically dictated orders “not to surrender” the city (unless Are only the Germans to blame for so many victims of the siege of Leningrad?) or should we definitely take it by storm for the next Soviet holiday? In particular, was it necessary, at the very end of the war, the outcome of which was obvious, to thank your army for this victory with new hundreds of thousands of killed soldiers in a hasty frontal assault on well-defended Berlin (instead of a systematic siege and gradual tightening of the ring)? Those captured by Germans were declared “traitors to the Motherland” and millions of them were doomed to starvation without the protection of the International Red Cross, and at the end of the war they dealt with the survivors, sending them to camps, and then “thanked” the war invalids by removing “war cripples” from all cities “to die in “special boarding schools” so as not to spoil the happy Soviet reality with their appearance...

In all this, as in the destruction of the Inkerman quarries, is the entire moral essence of the Soviet “victory over fascism”, from which both the communist and the current post-Soviet authorities falsely cultivate only the “ceremonial” part that this power needs, cynically betraying the memory of the dead and speculating on it in their new power-selfish goals.

M.V. Nazarov
Materials used.

Hi all!

Today I want to talk about one more thing interesting place in Crimea. These are beautiful and at the same time terrible Inkerman adits (quarries).

This place is not very popular among tourists, but nevertheless there are even excursions to the adits. Perhaps the cloudy weather also had an effect, but there were few people.

There are three interesting locations in this place:

• Adits
• Cave St. Clement Monastery

On the rock you can see fragments of the Kalamita Fortress.

Photo is closer.

Cave Monastery of St. Clement.

Where is?

The adits are located in the suburbs of Sevastopol, on the outskirts of Inkerman.

How to get there?

• If you by car, Enter 48 Kariernaya Street into your navigator. On the spot it will become clear where to go next.
• Almost any on the bus, next to Inkerman (agree in advance with the driver so that he stops closer). But you still have to go a long way.
• With excursion

I rarely recommend taking tours because they rarely give you a good look at the place. But in this case, you won’t really lose anything if you take an excursion. Because there are no excursions into the adits themselves (inside). The only way to get there is illegally.

The excursions do not go down to the lake and river, and do not go through the tunnel, but you can learn a lot of interesting things about the adits themselves. Plus you will also visit the Kalamita Fortress and the Cave Monastery of St. Clement.

When the adits appeared, one can only guess, because there are mentions of them back in the 19th century. The famous Inkerman white stone was mined there for the construction of cities and palaces. Chersonesos, Byzantium, Venice, Genoa, Yalta, Bakhchisarai, Simferopol and other cities in Crimea were built from it. As well as the famous Livadia, Massandra, Vorontsov Palace and Swallow's Nest.

The adits stretch for about 30 km. So, everything you see in the photo is just a small part. You can walk for a very long time looking at rocks, passages and windows.

During the war, the adits became a refuge. The rocks were reliably protected from bombing. An entire underground city was built there. In the adits there were entire streets with houses, schools, repair shops, ammunition depots and a hospital.

Look closely and you can see many windows and ventilation holes in the rocks on different heights. There are rooms and passages inside.

You can also see traces of the bombing...

Why did I call this place terrible?

The adits were discovered by the Nazis...

For a long time, the Russian army repelled the attack, but realizing that their forces were running out, they blew up the adits, because they did not want all the ammunition to go to the enemies. There was nowhere to evacuate people, so most simply died...

A quarry has formed below. It has clear water and a lot of fish.

And the Black River flows. It was given its name not because of its color, but in the quarry it really appears black.

Just imagine how much effort and labor was invested to make such tunnels! But a lot of things were still done by hand, without technology.

The sizes are impressive!

Even a car will pass!

Inside the tunnel.

Ceiling.

After the war, research was carried out, and as it turned out, most of the shells did not detonate, and many weapons remained. Those who wanted to carry trophies from here began to get blown up by shells, so they had to fill up and concrete some of the passages. For some time the adits were even guarded, but now all security has been removed.

Only conditional barriers. So anyone can climb in...

Here is a photo of the adits through the window.

But you shouldn't do this! Inside, the adits are long, intricate corridors with many rooms, passages and levels. It is very easy to get lost in them, so every year people constantly go missing there, despite warnings. Just imagine 30 km. moves at different levels! No one will even really search here!

Hi all. Do you see these alluring tunnels of the Inkerman adits? What's inside today you'll find out.

This tunnel is through, even cars drive through it.


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Well, let's go take a look at what's on the left.


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Who said that you need to have special shoes and overalls for climbing? I personally climbed in shorts and flip-flops and I didn’t give a fuck! Right on the thorn. The 100 ruble flip flops held up naturally and I ended up inside. To be honest, I thought that the object was abandoned, but then I noticed a vicious sobaken egg clack-clack. I had to scramble. The barking could be heard throughout the entire adit. Along the way, I started taking pictures anyway.


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In a good way, I should have gotten out of there, but curiosity and excitement forced me to move on... and so, quietly passing the place where the wolfhound was supposed to be based and jumping onto a poop, I ran into the dark underground distance... here is such a device. Honestly, it was boring to turn on the flashlight, so I went by touch, but still illuminated my photos, turning it on for 5 seconds, afraid that the evil dog would return.


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The second exit... but it was completely closed. And there was another dog there, but it seemed tied. I wonder how all these cars got here.


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There was a light ahead. Point press-press. A kind mechanic or someone more interesting should have jumped out at any moment, but there was no one.


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Two mixed feelings, on the one hand - an irresistible excitement to find out what's next, on the other - the desire to get out of here before they accept it. Adrenalin!


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Ship door. A little effort and it opened...


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Incomprehensible modern Art. Installation.


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What is this transcendental image of the world spirit in the physics of the palace of Tsar Berendey from Russian folk tale about Ivan Tsarevich and the gray adit)))) Of course, I saw a lot of funny things in the caves, the diggers are funny and artists, but this amazed me. For what?


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A bunch of old Soviet boards? Where!


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Bendero-niva. Bendery saboteurs arrived on it to take Crimea from Russia)))


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A machine for making homemade weapons.


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Truck. Apparently he brought explosives))))XDDD


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Bridge.


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And from here you can see the same tunnel that was at the beginning of the post. Here you can hear strange sounds of incomprehensible work, as if a bunch of machines are chiseling the thickness of the rock, extracting rock from there. But how to get there? There is a small door, but from there I could hear the barking of dogs and I had to retreat victoriously, having packed my camera, I flew over the barbed wire, almost meeting the local dog-dog. I regret that I didn’t take a picture of the dog, I don’t know why I walked without turning around...


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Well, in the next post I’ll tell you about one more thing cave city...


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