Soviet students passed the GTO standards and then proudly wore the coveted badge on the lapels of their jackets. What physical education standards are taken in universities today? To find out, we went to the Belarusian State Technological University in pairs.
It's more expensive to grab yourself
There are several gyms here: in one, boys play volleyball, in another, girls have aerobics, in a third, a group of physical therapists do exercise classes. It is clear that students do not take classes in physics classes. At least on the eve of the session. After all, absenteeism, if there is a lot of it and without a good reason, must be worked off. Without passing the standards, you will not be given a test, and therefore will not be allowed to take the exams.Students engage in physical education for four courses, says the head of the department of physical education and sports, doctor pedagogical sciences, Professor Nikolai Filippov:
- At first school year– athletics, with the onset of cold weather – team sports and aerobics in the hall, from the second semester – ski training. Then back to the gym - for basketball and aerobics, and from April - to the stadium. The standards must also be met within a year. Students took long and short distance running at the stadium in the fall. In December, guys do pull-ups on the bar, and girls do body lifts from a lying position.
Girls are not afraid of the press
Future economist Olga Pekar is helped by classmate Yulia Tymchuk to pass the standard for lifting her torso from a supine position: she fixes her legs bent at the knees on the floor. For ten you need to do 65 times.“There is no time limit,” Olya notes, having caught her breath a little. – It’s not hard for me, I’ve trained for three years. And I loved physical education at school. For a girl at any age, it is important to keep herself in shape. And for a student this good way take a break from stress: we have hard studies, and sports give the brain a rest.
Diana Savelyeva pumps up her abs together with Maria Matylevich. The girls are confident that they will do an excellent job. However, assessments do not bother them:
– How many points you get for the standard is not so important, because they don’t give grades in physical education. And this does not affect the scholarship in any way, the main thing is to get the test. Those who constantly train and go to classes do not face any problems in physical training.
Diana and Maria had not heard about the GTO standards that Soviet students once took. But Olga Pekar saw gold badges from her parents:
“They often recalled how cool and honorable it was to receive them, and showed them to everyone with pride. I think I would also be able to pass the previous standards. I would at least try it with pleasure.
The army is ahead, so you have to be strong
On a high bar, Alexey Myakinko can easily do 20 pull-ups. To pass the standard, 17 is enough, but the future industrial engineer has a passion for sports - to do as much as possible:- In a healthy body healthy mind. If you study from childhood and don’t miss classes, the standards are not scary. Pull-ups are my strength, my weakness is long-distance running. But I can be better at this too: in the spring I’ll start running along the embankment. Moreover, from the second semester there is no physical education in the fourth year.
4th year student of the Faculty of Forestry Stas Golubenko hangs on the crossbar and immediately admits that he is not doing pull-ups very well. But nine times is enough for the test:
– Pull-ups are definitely not my thing. I prefer volleyball, football, basketball. I play for the faculty team. I think that physical science standards should be approached philosophically; if it works out, it’s good; if it doesn’t work out, that’s okay. Technical skills in team sports are important for a student. The ability to play in a team will be useful in life and work. But the fact that physical education is needed at a university is indisputable. There is still an army ahead, so any of us needs to be strong.
Physical education teacher Joseph Khadasevich has been teaching students for more than 30 years. He notes that earlier the guys were stronger and passed the standards better:
“Everyone was definitely catching up.” Now 60 percent fulfill the standard well and perfectly. I don’t know what this is connected with. Perhaps the nutrition and ecology were different.
Professor Nikolai Filippov disagrees:
– I don’t think that current students are weaker than their predecessors. It’s harder to get a ten now than it was back in the day to get a gold badge. In the Soviet Union, in order to develop GTO standards, large-scale Scientific research, tested young people, watched how they performed certain exercises, and only then set the bar. Modern control standards for the physical training of students is stricter compared to the standards that were in force in Soviet time, and are not justified by anything. For example, today a girl needs to lift her torso 65 times to get a ten, but for the golden GTO badge 50 lifts were enough. A young man needs to do 17 pull-ups perfectly. This is a lot, which is why no more than ten percent of students fulfill this standard. The Soviet GTO norm was limited to 13 pull-ups for those who wanted to receive a gold badge. For the silver guy, it was enough to do nine pull-ups. It’s the same with running and jumping. No one is saying that everyone should be an excellent student, but the standards must be made adequate to the capabilities of young people.
To keep yourself in good shape and improve your physical capabilities, it is not enough just to do exercises. The help of a specialist is required who will draw up a training program taking into account individual characteristics and health status. Physical education specialists will also show you how to perform exercises correctly and monitor safety during exercise. If necessary, trainers will provide first aid. The specialty “physical culture” trains trainers and instructors in different types sports To become successful specialists, students study human anatomy and physiology, sports psychology, sports management, teaching methods for major sports, biomechanics and biochemistry, etc. Specialists know how to work with people different ages(from children to pensioners). A separate specialization is therapeutic and restorative physical education, the purpose of which is the prevention of disorders, rehabilitation after illnesses and injuries. *
* Kit academic disciplines and learning bias
The physical education teacher and his lessons are different from other school subjects. After all, physical education should contain both benefits and entertainment at the same time.
The teaching profession in Russia is not rare. It is chosen by both women and men. Despite this, in the labor market the demand for specialists in this field does not decrease; according to surveys, physical education teachers are quite in demand.
To work as a teacher physical culture» a school graduate who has completed grades 9 or 11 should enroll in teacher training college or a pedagogical university for a relevant specialty, for example, “ Teacher Education in the profile “Physical Education”, “pedagogical education in the profile “Life Safety and Physical Education”, etc. Although, if you graduate from a pedagogical college, you will receive a secondary education professional education and decide to connect your life with school, then only students will trust you primary classes and the maximum is the middle link. Therefore, most likely, you will still have to graduate from an additional university to obtain higher education in the same specialty.
Who will be accepted as a physical teacher?
The profession of a physical education teacher should be chosen by physically healthy and strong young men or women, since the teacher must have physical training at the highest level. Often boys and girls who have been interested in and involved in sports since childhood become physical education teachers.
The responsibilities of a physical education teacher include conducting lessons, maintaining documentation (filling out a class register, paper and electronic), participating in the final certification, advanced training in relevant courses at least once every 5 years, replacing temporarily absent physical education teachers, etc.
This profession has opportunities career growth. A physical education teacher can always conduct classes in paid clubs and sections. There is an opportunity to even go and work at a children’s and youth sports school.
A physical education teacher must have team-building skills, because his class must turn into a team or two. In addition, a heightened sense of responsibility, because his subject has high level injuries, therefore compliance with safety precautions in physical education is a paramount task.
The Blagoveshchensk College of Physical Culture accepts documents until August 25. Moreover, in order to enroll, it is not necessary to have a sports rank - you can learn your chosen sport directly at the educational institution
She told us about how to learn the profession of a physical education teacher and how to become a professional athlete. And. O. Director of the technical school Irina Gromoglazova.
Admission conditions
- Irina Grigorievna, who can enroll in your technical school?
At our technical school we now only provide training in full-time. Children who come after 9th grade study for 3 years 10 months; in one year they complete the general education program and begin to study special disciplines. Those who come to us after 11th grade study for 2 years 10 months.
- What are the conditions for admission to your technical school? What exams are taken?
Entrance tests require proficiency in the chosen sport in which the future student will study, the so-called specialization. If, for example, a student enrolls in athletics, he tests jumping, running, etc., if he enrolls in basketball or volleyball, he tests ball handling techniques. But this does not mean that those guys who know sports only at the level school curriculum those who did not engage in professional sports before college will not be able to enroll with us. If boys or girls want to learn any sport, they can come to us to learn without any preparation. By the end of their education they will be able to receive a rank.
Educational process
- What specializations are there in your college?
We open specializations, as they say, according to market demand. Previously, we had such areas as athletics, sports games (volleyball, basketball, handball, football, table tennis). Students were engaged in freestyle wrestling, martial arts, boxing, and kettlebell lifting. Wushu, jiu-jitsu, aikido and sports dancing were also taught. And in 2012 we opened new specializations. For example, we launched kickboxing at the request of the regional kickboxing federation. She needed trainers to train her, so we opened this direction to prepare personnel for work. Now these guys have entered their third year. So, if there is a need for specialists, we open new specializations.
- When guys become students, how does it go? educational process? What subjects do they study?
The main subject is the methods of teaching techniques of all sports, such as gymnastics, athletics, sports games, etc. All students, without exception, of any faculty, study each of them, because teachers and physical education teachers must master the methods of teaching any sport . We try to train every student so that he can master the techniques correctly. In physical education lessons at school, the teacher relies on the program. If it is necessary to show children possession of the ball, for example in football or volleyball, he can easily do this. Sometimes our students come to schools and even train physical education teachers in various sports. And at all sporting events in the city, our students participate in refereeing as volunteers.
There are many training specializations at the technical school, for example, martial arts.
Scientific work and additional training
- How it is conducted scientific work students?
According to the new standards, our students will have to defend term papers. This year we had a whole event dedicated to protecting projects on physical education and sports. Second and third year students, 18 people, took part. We dedicated the whole day to this. Students presented work on organizing sporting events and career guidance work, to remodel the technical school areas for competitions, etc.
- Do the guys have additional training?
This is called “improving sportsmanship in a chosen sport.” The actual entrance examination, in which an applicant tests proficiency in any sport, is the first step towards improving his skills. And during the entire training, students go to training according to a schedule and gain experience. These hours are included in the course load. During this time, the guys achieve good results, many become candidates for master of sports.
Practice and exams
- Do students do internships at school?
The first practice is educational. Methodists introduce students to all sports facilities in the city. It is designed for eight hours; on an introductory basis, students attend various sporting events and attend sections. After the second year, the guys pass industrial practice in schools, they teach physical education, and get directly acquainted with the work. An agreement has been concluded with eight schools through the Ministry of Education. According to the new standards, there will now be a third practice - pre-graduation, its students will go to the place of assignment, where they are expected to work in the future. But in Lately We are gradually starting to move towards the fact that students themselves are looking for a place of practice. This is very inconvenient, because the employer does not know what kind of person will come to him, what knowledge he has. Another thing - target direction, when the student knows where he will work next, and the employer is confident in future personnel.
- How are the final exams going?
Students defend their diploma and also defend their professional competencies. What it is? Starting from the first year, the student maintains a portfolio where he collects all his certificates from competitions, Thanksgiving letters. This includes participation and organization of sporting events, refereeing. The portfolio defense takes place before a commission that decides whether the graduate is ready for independent pedagogical activity or not. State exams are taken in two stages - theory and practice. In theory - questions on pedagogy, physiology, anatomy, hygiene, etc. In practice, a ticket is drawn out, which indicates the method of teaching any element from various sports. For example, a method of teaching long-distance running or a method of overhead straight serve. final grade- this is the sum of points for two exams.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RF
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF THE MOSCOW REGION
MOSCOW STATE REGIONAL UNIVERSITY
PROGRAM
ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS
TO THE FACULTY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Moscow 2013
“PROGRAM OF ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS FOR THE FACULTY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION.” M.: Publishing house MGOU, 2013, - 13 p.
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor,
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor
Ph.D. assistant professor
Moscow State Regional
university, 2013
Publishing house MGOU, 2013
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
For admission to the Faculty of Physical Education, a motor training exam is required.
The motor training exam includes a set of six control tests to identify the level of development of basic physical qualities and motor skills. Attendance at all types of tests is required.
By decision of the examination committee, the applicant may be given an additional attempt in each test (if available objective reason, which interfered with the main attempt).
Applicants with specialized secondary and higher education upon admission to extramural undergo the following tests:
Russian language test;
Biology – testing;
Motor preparation – testing.
The motor training exam is scored on a 100-point scale.
PROGRAM
MOTOR PREPARATION EXAM
The exam (testing) has the goal of identifying basic practical preparedness, the level and potential of physical conditions necessary for a future specialist to successfully master and perform professional teaching activities in the field of physical education and sports.
Test 1. Swimming fitness.
I.P.- start from the water. Cover a distance of 100 meters using one of the known methods swimming on water, according to the rules of the competition. One attempt. In the event that an applicant does not swim the entire distance, the attempt is not counted and is not evaluated.
Test 2. 100 meter run.
Start of running from behind the starting line upon command (“To the start”, “Attention”, “March”). You can use high and low starts, with or without pads. An attempt is considered completed when the distance is covered without any violation of the competition rules.
Test 3. Running a distance of 1000 meters.
This test is carried out in a stadium or on the ground.
I.P. – high start. Cover the distance according to the competition rules. One attempt.
Test 4. Medicine ball throw.
(Men – 3 kg, women – 1 kg.). The ball is thrown with both hands from behind the head.
IP - legs on the same line (parallel) or one in front, the other behind.
You cannot lift your feet from the support before the throw is completed, step on or cross the starting line of throwing, or touch the surface behind the starting line after throwing with any part of the body.
One attempt: three throws in a row. The best result is evaluated.
Test 5. Acrobatics. Contents of the exercises and their assessment.
The applicant performs an acrobatic complex of his choice.
Men.
Complex 1.
I.P.: half squat, arms back (swimmer’s start);
1. Somersault forward; - 1.0
2. Somersault forward while crouching; - 0.5
3. Headstand and handstand – hold; - 3.5
4. Lowering into a crouching position; - 0.5
5. Stand on one leg, the other forward, arms up; - o.5
6. Turn to the side into a standing position with legs apart, arms to the sides; - 3.5
7. Put your foot down, arms down - basic stance
Complex 2.
I.P.: main stand.
1. Left foot forward,
hands up - flip to the left with a turn to the left into a stance on the right,
left forward on the toe, arms up
2. With a push with the left and a stroke with the right handstand – mark - 3.5
3. Somersault forward while crouching - 1.0
4. Half squat, arms back (“swimmer’s start”),
long forward somersault - 1.5
5. Jump, bending, arms to the side - somersault - 0.5
(the exercise can be performed in the other direction completely)
Women.
Complex 1.
I.P. main rack
1. Crouching emphasis - forward somersault - 1.0
2. Forward somersault – lie on your back, arms up - 1.0
3. “Bridge” - 3.5
4. Turn left (right) point blank while crouching - 2.0
5. Back somersault - 1.5
6. Jump, bending, arms to the side - up - 1.0
Complex 2.
I.P. main rack
1. Crouching emphasis – crouching somersault - 1.0
2. Backward roll stand on the shoulder blades - 2.5
3. Somersault back over the shoulder at close range, standing on one knee,
other leg back - 2.5
4. With one swing, crouching - stand up, arms up - 0.5
5. Turn to the side - main stance - 3.5
The test is scored according to the rules of artistic gymnastics competitions on a ten-point scale. The resulting grade is converted into credit points (see table).
Test 6. Strength test:
Men.
I.P. – hanging on a high crossbar. By force, bending your arms, perform an inversion lift and lower forward into a hanging position. The position of the stop and the hang is fixed. The result is evaluated by the number of times. One attempt.
Women .
Climbing a rope using your feet.
Standards and assessments
physical fitness for applicants
Faculty of Physical Culture
1. Swimming 100m.
Freestyle
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2. 100m run
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2. Run 1000 m
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3. Medicine ball throw
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4. Acrobatics
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5. Strength test
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The final grade is based on the results of all five tests.
Score in points
An applicant who scores less than 40 points is considered to have failed the exam.
Rules for conducting entrance tests.
During the entrance examinations, a calm and friendly environment should be ensured, and applicants should be given the opportunity to fully demonstrate the level of their knowledge and skills.
During the entrance examinations, participants in these events and persons involved in their conduct are prohibited from carrying and using communications and electronic computing equipment (including calculators), except in cases established by regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
It is prohibited to count final exams at preparatory departments, courses (schools) at universities as entrance examinations, additional entrance examinations.
Applicants take entrance and certification tests in Russian.
If the procedure for conducting entrance examinations conducted by the university independently is not followed, members admissions committee those conducting the entrance test have the right to remove the applicant from the venue entrance test with drawing up a deletion act. If an applicant is removed from the entrance test, the university returns the accepted documents to the applicant.