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The presentation was made by a student of grade 11 "A" of the State Educational Institution Secondary School No. 186 of St. Petersburg Estrina Maria *

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Human ecology is the science of the relationship of a person with the environment in various aspects (economic, technical, physical-technical, socio-psychological) and is designed to determine the optimal conditions for human existence, including the permissible limits of its impact on the environment. The relationship with the environment of a person, as an organism, is studied by autecology, the ecology of human communities - synecology. F. Bacon

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chemical pollution of the atmosphere and human health; biological pollution and human diseases; the effect of sounds on a person; weather and human health; human nutrition and health; landscape as a health factor; problems of human adaptation to the environment; bibliography.

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Chemical pollution of the atmosphere industry domestic boilers transport The main source of pyrogenic pollution: thermal power plants, metallurgical and chemical enterprises, boiler plants, The main harmful impurities of pyrogenic origin: carbon monoxide sulfur dioxide and sulfuric anhydride nitrogen oxides hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide compounds of fluorine compounds of chlorine

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Human exposure to carbon monoxide Concentration Mg/m3 Duration of exposure Symptoms of poisoning 6 20 min Decrease in color and light sensitivity of the eyes, decrease in the accuracy of visual perception of space and night vision 80-111 3.5 hours Decrease in the speed of visual perception, deterioration in the performance of psychological and psychomotor tests, coordination of small precise movements and analytical thinking 460 4-5 hours Severe headache, weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting, collapse. Headache, general muscle weakness, nausea. 1760 20 min Loss of consciousness, collapse 3500 5-10 min Headache, dizziness, vomiting, loss of consciousness 3400 20-30 min Weak pulse, slowing and stopping breathing. Death 14000 1-3 min Unconsciousness, vomiting, death

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Human exposure to sulfurous and sulfuric anhydride Symptoms of poisoning: runny nose, cough, hoarseness, sore throat. When inhaled in high concentrations - suffocation, speech disorder, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, acute pulmonary edema is possible. Human exposure to nitrogen oxides Number of symptoms Small amounts of dullness pain sensitivity. Small amounts of feeling intoxicated. Inhalation of pure gas causes narcotic state and suffocation

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Human exposure to hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide Concentration Mg/l exposure time Symptoms of poisoning 0.006 4 hours headache, lacrimation, photophobia, runny nose, pain in the eyes, decreased air and bone sound conduction. 0.2-0.28 4 hours Burning in the eyes, photophobia, lacrimation, conjunctival plethora, irritation in the nose, metallic taste in the mouth, fatigue, headaches, chest tightness, nausea. 0.7 15-30 min Painful irritation of the conjunctiva, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, colic, sometimes diarrhea, pain when urinating, shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, palpitations, headache, feeling of constriction of the head, weakness, dizziness, sometimes fainting or agitation with clouding of consciousness. 1.0 and above convulsions and loss of consciousness end in rapid death from respiratory arrest, and sometimes from heart paralysis.

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Human exposure to fluorine compounds Leads to the development of chronic poisoning (fluorosis), Symptoms: weight loss, anemia, weakness, joint stiffness, brittle bones, discoloration. The person loses consciousness. Death occurs within 5-25 minutes. medium form Reflex cessation of breathing is short, burning and pain in the eyes, lacrimation, pain behind the sternum, bouts of excruciating dry cough, after 2-4 hours toxic pulmonary edema develops. mild form of signs of irritation of the upper respiratory tract, which persist for several days.

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Biological pollution of the environment - pollution by pathogenic organisms The main sources of wastewater from industrial production Agriculture public utilities of cities and towns household and industrial dumps cemeteries, etc. Biological pollution and human diseases

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Causative agents of tetanus, botulism, gas gangrene, some fungal diseases. They can enter the human body if the skin is damaged, with unwashed food, if the rules of hygiene are violated. Polluted water sources have caused epidemics of cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery. infection occurs through the respiratory tract when air is inhaled. Diseases: influenza, whooping cough, mumps, diphtheria, measles and others. Pathogens get into the air when coughing, sneezing, and even when sick people talk. Soil Water: rivers, lakes, ponds. Air

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The influence of sounds on a person Sound - mechanical vibrations external environment, which are perceived by the human hearing aid (from 16 to 20,000 vibrations per second). Noise - loud sounds that have merged into a discordant sound. Noise level dB Influence 20-30 practically harmless to a person 80 permissible limit 130 causes pain in a person 150 becomes unbearable for him

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weather and human well-being Biorhythm - a set of rhythmic processes in the body (rhythms of the heart, breathing, bioelectrical activity of the brain). Daily rhythms and biorhythms The study of changes in circadian rhythms makes it possible to identify the occurrence of certain diseases at the earliest stages Climate and health XVII century - the foundations of a scientific direction in medicine about the influence of climatic factors on human health were born 1725 - the beginning of studying the influence of climate, seasons and weather on a person in Russia

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nutrition and human health Doctors say that a full-fledged balanced diet - important condition maintaining the health and high performance of adults, and for children also a necessary condition for growth and development. Many food products have bactericidal effects, inhibiting the growth and development of various microorganisms. 16 slide

Problems of human adaptation to the environment Types of human adaptation: Sprinter Stayer high resistance to short-term extreme factors and poor tolerance to long-term loads. Reverse type (in northern regions countries among the population dominated by people of the "stayer" type) Adaptation is a dynamic process due to which the mobile systems of living organisms, despite the variability of conditions, maintain the stability necessary for existence, development and procreation.

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Adapting to adverse environmental conditions, the human body experiences a state of tension, fatigue. Any violation of the "man-environment" balance is a source of anxiety. Anxiety, referred to as a feeling of vague threat; a feeling of diffuse apprehension and anxious expectation; indefinite anxiety is the most powerful mechanism of mental stress. The main features of mental stress: 1) stress - the state of the body, its occurrence involves the interaction between the body and the environment; 2) stress - a more tense state than the usual motivational one; it requires the perception of a threat in order to occur; 3) stress phenomena occur when the normal adaptive response is insufficient.

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References http://ru.wikipedia.org/ http://www.5ka.ru/ http://revolution.allbest.ru/ http://www.ecologyplanet.ru/ http://www.ecosystema. ru/ http://www.chromdet.com/ http://otvety.mail.ru/ http://base.safework.ru/ http://www.ecostandard.ru/ http://www.chemport. ru/ http://www.medkursor.ru/ http://www.rian.ru/ http://otherreferats.allbest.ru/ http://www.100let.net/ http://www.biogweb. ru/ http://www.psylive.ru/