Most German nouns have two numbers: singular and plural. However, there are also nouns that are used either only in the singular (for example, der Schnee, das Erdöl, der Zucker, die Liebe, die Kälte), or only in the plural (for example, die Ferien, die Geschwister, die Leute, die Eltern). The first group of words is called Singulariatantum, second - Pluraliatantum.
German and Russian nouns related to categories Pluraliatantum And Singulariatantum, rarely coincide. Compare:
watch< => die Uhr; glasses< => die Brille; smallpox< => die Pocken
There are several ways of education plural nouns. It’s not easy to remember them right away, and besides, German there are many exceptions. Therefore, the plural form, especially in doubtful cases, can be looked up in the dictionary and remembered.
In Russian, the plural of nouns is formed using endings. In German, we use to form the plural. suffixes, which remain unchanged in all cases.
To form the plural of nouns use:
a) plural suffixes -e, -(e)n, -er and in some words the suffix -s;
b) umlaut (only root vowels can take umlaut: A => ä
, O => ö
, u => ü
);
c) article die
Many plural nouns do not change, i.e. receive neither a suffix nor an umlaut. These are some masculine nouns and all neuter nouns ending in the singular in -er, -el, -en, as well as neuter nouns with suffixes -chen, -lein, with prefix ge- and suffix -e(For example, der Lehr er=> die Lehr er, das Fenst er=> die Fenst er, das Brot chen=> die Brot chen, das Ge bäud e=> die Ge bäud e). In such cases, only the article indicates the plural.
There are 5 ways to form the plural of nouns:
1) with suffix -e, with and without umlaut
2) with suffix -(e)n, always without umlaut
3) with suffix -er, always with umlaut
4) without a suffix, with and without an umlaut.
5) with suffix -s, without umlaut
Exercise 1. Study the table below of ways to form the plural of nouns, translate the words contained in it into Russian and form the plural form of the nouns from the “Beispiele” section according to the example.
| Singular | Plural | Beispiele | ||
| 1 a. | der Lehrer | die Lehrer | der Schüler, der Arbeiter, der Fehler, der Kugelschreiber, der Computer, der Onkel, der Sessel, der Löffel, der Wagen, das Fenster, das Zimmer, das Messer, das Rätsel, das Brötchen, das Mädchen, das Gebäude, das Gemälde | |
| 1 b. | der Vater | die Väter | der Bruder, der Apfel, der Vogel, der Mantel, der Garten, die Mutter, die Tochter | |
| 2 a. | der Tisch | die Tische | der Tag, der Abend, der Freund, der Bleistift, der Berg, das Heft, der Hund, das Beispiel, das Bein, das Jahr, das Wort ( word in connected speech) | |
| 2 b. | der Kopf | die Köpfe | der Arzt, der Hof, der Baum, der Sohn, der Stuhl, der Schrank, der Fuß, der Fluss, die Wand, die Hand, die Stadt, die Bank (bench), die Maus, die Nacht | |
| Behind. | das Kind | die Kinder | das Bild, das Kleid, das Lied, das Ei | |
| Z L. | das Buch | die Bücher | das Worth ( separate word) das Fach, das Haus, das Volk, das Land, der Mann, der Wald | |
| 4 a. | die Frau | die Frauen | die Tür, die Antwort, die Uhr, die Bank (bank), die Wohnung, die Zeitung, der Mensch, der Herr, der Staat, der Student, das Ohr, das Bett, das Hemd, das Herz | |
| 4 b. | die Frage | die Fragen | die Tante, die Klasse, die Lampe, die Hose, die Schule, die Katze, die Sprache, die Stunde, die Schwester, der Junge, der Name, der Russe, das Auge; die Regel, die Tafel, die Gabel, der Nachbar, der Vetter | |
| 5. | das Kino | die Kinos | das Cafe, das Taxi, das Auto, das Hotel, das Sofa, der Park, der Klub, der Chef, der Kuli, das Hobby, das Baby |
B plural formation is presented in a little more detail.
Exercise 2. Form the plural form of the following nouns ending in -er, -el, -en. Please pay Special attention to the gender of nouns.
der Onkel, der Vogel, der Wagen, die Schwester, der Arbeiter, das Zimmer, der Löffel, die Gabel, das Messer, der Fehler, der Vetter, das Hotel, die Tafel, die Tochter, die Mutter, der Bruder, der Onkel , der Mantel, der Lehrer, der Schüler, das Fenster, der Apfel, der Sessel, der Garten, die Regel
Exercise 3. Translate into German.
questions, answers, errors, examples, riddles, pictures, watches (plural measuring instrument), watches (units of time), days, nights, sons, daughters, mothers, fathers, uncles, aunts, friends, knives, spoons , forks, rivers, mountains, trees, songs, children, benches, banks (financial institutions), parks, hotels, houses, apartments, walls, doors, windows, people, women, men, gentlemen, bosses, cars, shirts, trousers (plural), books, notebooks, cats, dogs, ears, eyes, hearts, languages, names, states, words (two options)
The table of formation of plural forms of nouns was compiled by student Alexandra Arzamastseva
In German, as well as in Russian, a noun has a singular (Singular) and a plural (Plural).
To form the plural in German, the following means are used:
1. Suffixes –e, –(e)n, -er, -s:
der Tisch – die Tische (table-tables)
die Zeitung – die Zeitungen (newspapers)
das Bild - die Bilder (picture-paintings)
der Klub - die Klubs (club-clubs)
2. Umlaut of the root vowel “a, o, u”:
der Sohn - die Söhne (son-sons)
der Vater – die Väter (father-fathers)
3. Plural article:
der Orden - die Orden (order-order)
der Wagen – die Wagen (car-cars)
In most cases, these means are combined, for example: das Kind - die Kinder (child - children); das Buch- die Bücher (book- books).
There are five types of plural formation in German, depending on the plural suffixes.
Each type of plural formation includes nouns of one kind or another.
I type of plural formation
A characteristic feature of type I is the suffix -e in the plural and in some cases the umlaut of the root vowel “o, u, a”. This type forms the plural:
1) Most nouns are masculine:
a) der Berg (mountain) - die Berge
der Pilz (mushroom) - die Pilze
der Preis (price) - die Preise
der Pelz (fur coat) - die Pelze
der Ring (ring) - die Ringe
der Krieg (war) - die Kriege
der Tisch (table) – die Tische
der Hof (yard) - die Höfe
der Kopf (head) - die Köpfe
der Kampf (struggle) - die Kämpfe
der Raum (room) – die Räume
der Stuhl (chair) – die Stühle, etc.
b) der General (general) – die Generale
der Offizier (officer) – die Offziere
der Ingenieur (engineer) – die Ingenieure
der Pionier (pioneer) - die Pioniere, etc.
2) some neuter nouns:
a) das Beispiele (example) – die Beispiele
das Heft (notebook) – die Hefte
das Bein (leg) – die Beine
das Ereignis(event)- die Ereignisse
b) das Diktat (dictation) – die Diktate
das Dokument (document) – die Dokumente
das Lineal (ruler) –die Lineale
das Objekt (addition) – die Objekte
das Resultat (result) – die Resultate
das Substantiv (noun) - die Substantive
3) some monosyllabic feminine nouns:
die Bank (bench) - die Bänke
die Frucht (fruit) - die Früchte
die Gans (goose) - die Gänse
die Kraft (strength) – die Krafte
die Kuh (cow) - die Kühe
die Macht (strength) – die Mächte
die Maus (mouse) - die Mäuse
die Nuss (walnut) – die Nüsse
die Stadt (city) – die Städte
die Wand (wall) – die Wände, etc.
II type of plural formation
A characteristic feature of type II is the suffix –(e)n in the plural. This type forms the plural:
1. all polysyllabic and most monosyllabic nouns are feminine:
a) die Tafel (board) – die Tafeln
die Klasse (class) – die Klassen
die Tür (door) – die Türen
die Lehrerin (teacher) – die Lehrerinnen
b) die Fakultät (faculty) – die Fakultäten
die Revolution (revolution) – die Revolutionen, etc.
2. Some masculine nouns:
a) ending in –e:
der Junge (boy) – die Jungen
der Russe (Russian) - die Russen
der Name (name) – die Namen
der Buchstabe (letter) – die Buchstaben
b) the following words:
der Held (hero) - die Helden
der Mensch (person) – die Menschen, etc.,
der Nachbar (neighbor) – die Nachbarn
der Staat (state) – die Staaten
der Vetter (cousin) – die Vettern
c) words with foreign suffixes –at, -ant, –et, – ent, -ist, etc. (with emphasis on the suffix, usually denoting male persons)
der Soldat (soldier) – die Soldaten
der Aspirant (graduate student) – die Aspiranten
der Prolet (proletarian) – die Proleten
der Student (student) –die Studenten
der Kommunist (communist) – die Kommunisten
3. Group of neuter nouns:
das Auge (eye) – die Augen
das Ohr (ear) – die Ohren
das Bett (bed) – die Betten
das Ende (end) – die Enden
das Hemd (end) – die Hemden
das Interesse (interest) – die Interessen
das Herz (heart) - die Herzen
das Insekt (insect) – die Insekten
III type of plural formation
A characteristic feature of type III is the suffix –er in the plural and in some cases the umlaut of the root vowel “o, u, a”. This type forms the plural:
1. Most nouns are neuter:
das Bild (picture) - die Bilder
das Brett (board) – die Bretter
das Kleid (dress) – die Kleider
das Lied (song) - die Lieder and others.
das Buch (book)– die Bücher
das Fach (item)- die Fächer
das Dach (roof) - die Dächer
das Haus (house) – die Häuser
das Volk (people) - die Völker and others.
2. A small group of masculine nouns:
der Mann (man) – die Männer
der Rand (edge) – die Ränder
der Wald (forest) – die Wälder
der Mund (mouth) - die Münder, etc.
IV type of plural formation
A characteristic feature is the absence of a suffix, without an umlaut and with an umlaut of the root vowel. This type forms the plural:
1. All masculine nouns ending in –er, -el, en:
der Lehrer (teacher)-die Lehrer
der Schüler (student) - die Schüler
der Onkel (uncle) – die Onkel
der Bruder (brother) – die Brüder
der Mantel (coat) - die Mäntel
der Garten (garden) - die Gärten
der Hafen (harbour) – die Häfen, etc.
2. All nouns are neuter:
a) on – er, -el, -en:
das Banner (banner) – die Banner
das Fenster (window) – die Fenster
das Messer (knife) – die Messer
das Zeichen (sign) - die Zeichen, etc.
b) with suffixes – chen, – lein:
das Stühlchen (high chair) – die Stühlchen
das Tischlein (table) – die Tischlein, etc.
c) with the prefix -Ge and suffix –e:
das Gebäude (building) – die Gebäude
das Gebirge (mountains) – die Gebirge, etc.
2. two feminine nouns:
die Mutter (mother) – die Mütter
die Tochter (daughter) – die Tochter
V type of plural formation
A characteristic feature of type V is the ending –s. This type forms the plural:
1. masculine and neuter nouns, borrowed mainly from English and French:
male
der Klub (club)– die Klubs
der Chef (chief, chief) – die Chefs
neuter
das Auto (car) – die Autos
das Café (cafe) – die Cafés
das Hotel (hotel) – die Hotels
das Kino (cinema) – die Kinos
das Sofa (sofa) – die Sofas
2. suffix is added to compound words:
der VEB (people's enterprise) – die VEBs
die LPG (agricultural production cooperative) – die LPGs
3. personal names when they indicate a title the whole family or several persons bearing the same first or last name:
die Millers (Miller family)
Special cases of forming the plural of nouns:
Masculine:
der Bus (bus) – die Busse
der Typ (type) – die Typen
der Kursus (course) – die Kurse
Neuter gender:
das Museum (museum) – die Museen
das Prinzip (principle) – die Prinzipien
das Thema (theme) – die Themen
das Stadion (stadium) – die Stadien
das Drama (drama) – die Dramen
das Datum(date) – die Daten
das Verb (verb) – die Verben
das Auditorium (audience) – die Auditotorien
das Laborarium (laboratory) – die Laboratorien
das Studium (lesson) – die Studien
Expressing the plural using word-formation devices:
der Seemann – die Seeleute
der Bergmann – die Bergleute
der Kaufmann – die Kaufleute, etc.
der Rat – die Ratschläge
der Mord – die Mordtaten
der Regen – die Regenfälle
In German, as in Russian, a noun (noun) has 2 numbers (numerals): singular num. (der Singular) and plural (plural) numbers. (der Plural).
For the education of many number The following means are used in German:
1. Suffixes –e, –en, -er, -s:
der Tisch – die Tische (table-tables)
die Zeitung – die Zeitungen (newspapers)
das Bild- die Bilder (picture-paintings)
der Klub- die Klubs (club-clubs)
2. Umlaut:
der Sohn- die Söhne (son-sons)
der Vater – die Väter (father-fathers)
3. Article:
der Orden - die Orden (order-order)
der Wagen – die Wagen (car-cars)
In most cases, these means are combined, for example: das Kind- die Kinder (child - children); das Buch- die Bücher (book- books).
There are five types of plural formation in the German language. number depending on plural suffixes.
For each type of education there are many. number include nouns. of one kind or another.
I type of plural formation
A characteristic feature of type I is the suffix -e. According to this type they form plural. number:
1) Most names are nouns. male:
a)der Berg(mountain)- die Berge
der Pilz (mushroom) - die Pilze
der Preis (price) - die Preise
der Pelz (fur coat) - die Pelze
der Ring (ring) - die Ringe
der Krieg (war) - die Kriege
der Tisch (table) – die Tische
der Hof(yard)- die Höfe
der Kopf (head) - die Köpfe
der Kampf (struggle) - die Kämpfe
der Raum (room) – die Räume
der Stuhl (chair) – die Stühle, etc.
b) der General (general) – die Generale
der Offizier (officer) – die Offziere
der Ingenieur (engineer) – die Ingenieure
der Pionier (pioneer) - die Pioniere, etc.
2) some nouns. neuter:
a) das Beispiele (example) – die Beispiele
das Heft (notebook) – die Hefte
das Bein (leg) – die Beine
das Ereignis(event)- die Ereignisse
b)das Diktat (dictation) – die Diktate
das Dokument (document) – die Dokumente
das Lineal (ruler) –die Lineale
das Objekt (addition) – die Objekte
das Resultat (result) – die Resultate
das Substantiv (noun) – die Substantive
3) a group of monosyllabic nouns. female:
die Bank (bench) - die Bänke
die Frucht (fruit) - die Früchte
die Gans (goose) - die Gänse
die Kraft (strength) – die Krafte
die Kuh (cow) - die Kühe
die Macht (strength) – die Mächte
die Maus (mouse) - die Mäuse
die Nuss (walnut) – die Nüsse
die Stadt (city) – die Städte
die Wand (wall) – die Wände, etc.
II type of plural formation
A characteristic feature of type II is the suffix –(e)n. According to this type they form plural. number:
1. all polysyllabic and most monosyllabic nouns. female:
a)die Tafel (board) – die Tafeln
die Klasse (class) – die Klassen
die Tür (door) – die Türen
die Lehrerin (teacher) – die Lehrerinnen
b) die Fakultät (faculty) – die Fakultäten
die Revolution (revolution) – die Revolutionen, etc.
2. Some nouns. male:
a) ending in –e:
der Junge (boy) – die Jungen
der Russe (Russian) - die Russen
der Name (name) – die Namen
der Buchstabe (letter) – die Buchstaben
b) the following words:
der Held (hero) - die Helden
der Mensch (person) – die Menschen, etc.,
der Nachbar (neighbor) – die Nachbarn
der Staat (state) – die Staaten
der Vetter (cousin) – die Vettern
c) words with foreign suffixes –at, -ant, –et, – ent, -ist, etc. (with emphasis on the suffix, usually denoting male persons)
der Soldat (soldier) – die Soldaten
der Aspirant (graduate student) – die Aspiranten
der Prolet (proletarian) – die Proleten
der Student (student) –die Studenten
der Kommunist (communist) – die Kommunisten, etc.
3. Group of nouns. neuter:
das Auge (eye) – die Augen
das Ohr (ear) – die Ohren
das Bett (bed) – die Betten
das Ende (end) – die Enden
das Hemd (end) – die Hemden
das Interesse (interest) – die Interessen
das Herz (heart) – die Herzen
das Insekt (insect) – die Insekten
III type of plural formation
A characteristic feature of type III is the suffix –er. According to this type they form plural. number:
1. Most names are nouns. neuter:
das Bild (picture) – die Bilder
das Brett (board) – die Bretter
das Kleid (dress) – die Kleider
das Lied (song) - die Lieder and others.
das Buch (book)– die Bücher
das Fach (item)- die Fächer
das Dach (roof) - die Dächer
das Haus (house) – die Häuser
das Volk (people) - die Völker and others.
2. Small group of nouns. male:
der Mann (man) – die Männer
der Rand (edge) – die Ränder
der Wald (forest) – die Wälder
der Mund (mouth) - die Münder, etc.
IV type of plural formation
Characteristic sign: no suffix, no umlaut and with umlaut of the root vowel. According to this type they form plural. number:
1. All names are nouns. masculine in –er, -el, en:
der Lehrer (teacher)-die Lehrer
der Schüler (student) - die Schüler
der Onkel (uncle) – die Onkel
der Bruder (brother) – die Brüder
der Mantel (coat) - die Mäntel
der Garten (garden) - die Gärten
der Hafen (harbour) – die Häfen, etc.
2. All names are nouns. neuter:
a) on – er, -el, -en:
das Banner (banner) – die Banner
das Fenster (window) – die Fenster
das Messer (knife) – die Messer
das Zeichen (sign) - die Zeichen, etc.
b) with suffixes – chen, – lein:
das Stühlchen (high chair) – die Stühlchen
das Tischlein (table) – die Tischlein, etc.
c) with the prefix -Ge and suffix –e:
das Gebäude (building) – die Gebäude
das Gebirge (mountains) – die Gebirge, etc.
2. two nouns. female:
die Mutter (mother) – die Mütter
die Tochter (daughter) – die Tochter
V type of plural formation
A characteristic feature of type V is the ending –s. According to this type they form plural. number:
1. nouns masculine and neuter, borrowed mainly from English and French:
male
der Klub (club)– die Klubs
der Chef (chief, chief) – die Chefs
neuter
das Auto (car) – die Autos
das Café (cafe) – die Cafés
das Hotel (hotel) – die Hotels
das Kino (cinema) – die Kinos
das Sofa (sofa) – die Sofas
2. suffix is added to compound words:
der VEB (people's enterprise) – die VEBs
die LPG (agricultural production cooperative) – die LPGs
3. personal names, when they denote the name of an entire family or several persons bearing the same first or last name:
die Millers (Miller family)
Special cases of plural formation. number noun names:
Masculine:
der Bus (bus) – die Busse
der Typ (type) – die Typen
der Kursus (course) – die Kurse
Neuter gender:
das Museum (museum) – die Museen
das Prinzip (principle) – die Prinzipien
das Thema (theme) – die Themen
das Stadion (stadium) – die Stadien
das Drama (drama) – die Dramen
das Datum(date) – die Daten
das Verb (verb) – die Verben
das Auditorium (audience) – die Auditotorien
das Laborarium (laboratory) – die Laboratorien
das Studium (lesson) – die Studien
Plural expression number using word-forming means:
der Seemann – die Seeleute
der Bergmann – die Bergleute
der Kaufmann – die Kaufleute, etc.
der Rat – die Ratschläge
der Mord – die Mordtaten
The plural is formed in different ways in German. It is better to learn the plural right away, at the same time as you learn the word. Yes! This is such a difficult task: you need to learn not only the German word itself, but also its article, as well as its plural form! Three in one - we can only dream of peace) This is not English with the endings -s and -es and only five exception words. It's German!!!
But there are, of course, rules according to which the plural is formed, and now I’ll tell you about it...
Plurals in German: ways of formation
1 way
Using a suffix -e:sometimes a word gets umlaut at the root.
This method of forming the plural is mainly obtained by single-syllable words, neuter words - which begin with Ge-, masculine words - ending with -ling.
A. With umlaut.
die Stadt - die Stä dte
die Laus - die Lä use (lice)
die Nacht - die Nä chte
Umlat receives mainly words of the feminine gender, but sometimes men also take on this habit:
der Ball - die Bälle
B. Without umlaut
das Fest - die Feste
das Tor - die Tore
der Ruf - die Rufe
der Tag — die Tage
Attention! Words that end with - nis-is, -as, -os, -us - double the letter -s. It turns out that the suffix is added to them - se:
das Geheimnis - die Geheimnisse
das As - die Asse (aces)
Method 2
Using a suffix — n
In this type of plural formation there is never an umlaut. This method is used to form the plural of most feminine words.
die Nadel — die Nadeln
die Stunde - die Stunden
And also some words ending in - el, -er.
die Ampel — die Ampeln
die Feder — die Federn (feathers)
And also masculine words that end in -e.
der Lotse -die Lotsen (pilots)
der Junge - die Jungen
The brother of this suffix is the suffix-en. This method is suitable for words ending in -ung, -au, -heit, -keit, -ei:
die Möglichkeit — die Möglichkeiten
die Übung - die Übungen
die Frau - die Frauen
This method also “likes” masculine words with foreign suffixes: -ant, -ent, -at, -ist, -ot, -or, -graph.
der Student — die Studenten
Attention: if the word ends with -in, then it also forms the plural in this way, but the consonant -n is doubled:
die Freundin — die Freundinnen
3 way
Using a suffix -er.
Umlaut takes place. This method is chosen by one-syllable neuter nouns and some masculine nouns.
das Buch - die Bücher
das Kind - die Kinder
der Mann - die Mä nner
Feminine nouns do not form their plurals with this suffix.
4 way
Null suffix: the word remains the same. Either nothing in it changes - it remains the same as it was in the singular, or the vowel radically acquires an umlaut in the plural.
This type is used to form the plural of neuter nouns ending in - chen, - lein:
das Mädchen — die Mädchen
And also most nouns that end in - el, - en, - er, -en:
das Leben - die Leben
der Mantel - die Mä ntel
Two feminine nouns also form the plural using this type. And this:
die Mutter - die Mütter
die Tochter - die Tochter
5 way:
-s
When forming the plural, some words are similar to English ones - they receive the suffix - s. In German, many words of foreign origin have this habit. As well as shortened words and words that end in -a, -i, -o.
das Foto - die Fotos
das Auto - die Autos
das Hotel - die Hotels
And further:
Words that come from Greek and Latin may have a completely different way of forming the plural:
das Museum - die Museen
das Lexikon - die Lexika
In German, nouns can be divided into 3 types:
Nouns having only singular number. These include real names And many abstract and collective (die Milch, das Fleisch, der Schnee; die Kälte, die Geduld)
Nouns having plural only(die Leute, die Geschwister, die Eltern)
Nouns , having the only thing And plural. Theirmajority. (der Tisch - die Tische, das Kind - die Kinder, die Frau - die Frauen).
Nouns of the 1st and 2nd types do not always correspond to similar words in the Russian language.
For education plural in German there are 3 grammatical means :
Article, which, in the absence of other grammatical means, is the only sign of the plural of nouns: das Zimmer - die Zimmer, der Arbeiter - die Arbeiter
Umlautrootvowels: der Wald - die Wälder, die Hand - die Hände, der Viertel - die Viertel
Suffixes: — e, — en, — er, — s, as well as the zero suffix: der Tisch - die Tisch e, die Frau - die Frau en, das Kind - die Kind er das Handy - die Handy s, der Arbeiter - die Arbeiter ( 0 )
Based on these suffixes in German they stand out 5 ways education plural nouns:
Using a suffix -e(with or without umlaut)
Using a suffix -en(without umlaut)
Using a suffix -er(with umlaut)
Using a suffix -s(with or without umlaut)
Without suffix (with or without umlaut)
1. With suffix -e
most nouns male ( derTag — dieTage, derHund — dieHunde). The root vowels of this group of nouns are often taken in the plural umlaut ( der Gast - die G ä st e, der Stuhl - die St ü hl e)
many nouns neuter (do not accept umlaut). In this group: monosyllabic nouns (das Jahr - die Jahr e),With nouns with suffix-nis, which is subsequently doubled (das Ergebnis-die Ergeb nisse),internationalisms on-ent, -at, -phon, -ut, -um, -et, -em ( das Probl em- die Problem e)
small group of nouns female (accept umlaut) ( die Hand - die H ä nd e, die Bank - die B ä nk e)
2. With a suffix -(e) n in German they form the plural:
most nouns female. In this group: polysyllabic nouns (Zeitung - die Zeitungen), as well as nouns with suffixes-e, -el, -er( die Bloom e-die Bloom en, die Schwest er- die Schwester n), some monosyllabic nouns (die Frau - die Frau en die Form - die Form en), And Internationalisms with suffixes-ie, — (t)ät, -tion, -ik, -ur, -anz, -enz, -age, -a
all nouns male weak declination (der Mensch - die Mensch en, der Herr - die Herr en)
some nouns masculine strong declension, including nouns ending in - or(der Motor - die Motor en der Doktor - die Doktor en )
some nouns neuter , including internationalisms with suffixes -um, -ion, -a ( das Muse um—die Muse en das Them a— die Them en). At the same time, borrowed words with the suffix -um,when forming the plural, they lose this suffix.
-(e)n,Umlaut is not accepted.
3. With suffix -e r in German they form the plural:
most monosyllabic nouns neuter (das Kind - die Kinder, das Lied - die Lieder, das Buch - die Bü ch er)
small group of nouns male (der Mann - die Männer, derWald - dieWä lder )
Nouns that are pluralized using a suffix -er, acceptumlaut.
4. With a suffix - s in German they form the plural:
a small group of loanwords male And neuter (der Klub - die Klub s, das Auto - die Auto s)
5. Without a suffix in German they form the plural:
nouns male And neuter , ending in — el, -er, -en( der Vater - die Vater, das Ufer- die Uf er das Mitt el- die Mitt el). In masculine nouns of this group of words, the root vowels can take the plural umlaut. Neuter nouns do not accept umlaut.
nounsneuter with diminutive suffixes-chen, -lein( das Mäd chen—die Mäd chen das Frau lein—die Frau lein)
nounsneuter with attachment -ge and suffix -e( das Gemüse - die Gemüse)
two feminine nouns (die Mutter - die Mü tt er, die Tochter - die T ö cht er)
Some nouns that have two meanings have two plural forms:
- die Bank (bench) – die Bänke (bench)
- die Bank (bank) – die Banken (banks)
- der Rat - council (authority) - die Räte - advice
- der Rat - advice (instruction) - die Ratschläge - advice (instruction)
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