There are times when you need to quickly get acquainted with a book, but there is no time to read. For such cases there is brief retelling(briefly). "The Captain's Daughter" is a story from school curriculum, which certainly deserves attention at least in a brief retelling.

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The main characters of "The Captain's Daughter"

Before you read the abridged story “The Captain's Daughter,” you need to get to know the main characters.

“The Captain's Daughter” tells the story of several months in the life of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, a hereditary nobleman. He's passing military service in the Belogorodskaya fortress during the times of peasant unrest led by Emelyan Pugachev. This story is told by Pyotr Grinev himself through entries in his diary.

Main characters

Minor characters

Chapter I

Peter Grinev's father, even before his birth, enrolled in the ranks of the sergeants of the Semenovsky regiment, since he himself was a retired officer.

At the age of five, he assigned his son a personal servant named Arkhip Savelich. His task was to raise him to be a real master. Arkhip Savelich taught little Peter a lot, for example, to understand the breeds of hunting dogs, Russian literacy and much more.

Four years later, his father sends sixteen-year-old Peter to serve with his good friend in Orenburg. Servant Savelich is traveling with Peter. In Simbirsk, Grinev meets a man named Zurin. He teaches Peter how to play billiards. After getting drunk, Grinev loses a hundred rubles to a military man.

Chapter II

Grinev and Savelich got lost on the way to their place of service, but a random passer-by showed them the way to the inn. There Peter examines the guide- he looks about forty years old, he has a black beard, a strong build, and in general he looks like a robber. Having entered into a conversation with the owner of the inn, they discussed something in a foreign language.

The guide is practically naked, and therefore Grinev decides to give him a hare sheepskin coat. The sheepskin coat was so small for him that it was literally bursting at the seams, but despite this, he was glad for the gift and promised never to forget this kind deed. A day later, young Peter, having arrived in Orenburg, introduces himself to the general, who sends him to the Belgorod fortress to serve under Captain Mironov. Not without the help of Father Peter, of course.

Chapter III

Grinev arrives at the Belgorod fortress, which is a village surrounded by a high wall and one cannon. Captain Mironov, under whose leadership Peter came to serve, was a gray-haired old man, and two officers and approximately a hundred soldiers served under his command. One of the officers is the one-eyed old lieutenant Ivan Ignatich, the second is called Alexey Shvabrin - he was exiled to this place as punishment for a duel.

Newly arrived Peter met Alexei Shvabrin that same evening. Shvabrin told about each of the captain’s family: his wife Vasilisa Egorovna and their daughter Masha. Vasilisa commands both her husband and the entire garrison. And my daughter Masha is a very cowardly girl. Later, Grinev himself meets Vasilisa and Masha, and also the constable Maksimych . He's very scared that the upcoming service will be boring and therefore very long.

Chapter IV

Grinev liked it in the fortress, despite Maksimych’s experiences. The soldiers here are treated without much severity, despite the fact that the captain at least occasionally organizes exercises, but they still cannot distinguish between “left” and “right.” In the house of Captain Mironov, Pyotr Grinev becomes almost a member of the family, and also falls in love with his daughter Masha.

In one of the outbursts of feelings, Grinev dedicates poems to Masha and reads them to the only one in the castle who understands poetry - Shvabrin. Shvabrin makes fun of his feelings in a very rude manner and says that the earrings are this is a more useful gift. Grinev is offended by this too harsh criticism in his direction, and he calls him a liar in response, and Alexey emotionally challenges him to a duel.

Excited Peter wants to call Ivan Ignatich as a second, but the old man believes that such a showdown is too much. After dinner, Peter tells Shvabrin that Ivan Ignatich did not agree to be a second. Shvabrin proposes to conduct a duel without seconds.

Having met early in the morning, they did not have time to sort things out in a duel, because they were immediately tied up and taken into custody by soldiers under the command of a lieutenant. Vasilisa Egorovna forces them to pretend that they have made peace, and after that they are released from custody. From Masha, Peter learns that the whole point is that Alexey had already received a refusal from her, which is why he behaved so aggressively.

This did not dampen their ardor, and they meet the next day by the river to complete the matter. Peter had almost defeated the officer in a fair fight, but was distracted by the call. It was Savelich. Turning towards a familiar voice, Grinev is wounded in the chest area.

Chapter V

The wound turned out to be so serious that Peter woke up only on the fourth day. Shvabrin decides to make peace with Peter, they apologize to each other. Taking advantage of the moment that Masha is caring for the sick Peter, he confesses his love to her and receives reciprocity in return.

Grinev, in love and inspired writes a letter home asking for blessings for the wedding. In response, a stern letter comes with a refusal and the sad news of the death of the mother. Peter thinks that his mother died when she found out about the duel, and suspects Savelich of the denunciation.

The offended servant shows proof to Peter: a letter from his father, where he scolds and scolds him because he did not tell about the injury. After a while, suspicions lead Peter to the idea that Shvabrin did this in order to prevent his and Masha’s happiness and disrupt the wedding. Having learned that her parents do not give their blessing, Maria refuses the wedding.

Chapter VI

In October 1773 very quickly rumor spreads about the Pugachev rebellion, despite the fact that Mironov tried to keep it a secret. The captain decides to send Maksimych on reconnaissance. Maksimych returns two days later and reports that a huge disturbance is rising among the Cossacks.

At the same time, they report to Maksimych that he went over to Pugachev’s side and incited the Cossacks to start a riot. Maksimych is arrested, and in his place they put the man who reported on him - the baptized Kalmyk Yulay.

Further events pass very quickly: constable Maksimych escapes from custody, one of Pugachev’s men is captured, but he cannot be asked anything because he does not have a language. The neighboring fortress has been captured, and very soon the rebels will be under the walls of this fortress. Vasilisa and her daughter go to Orenburg.

Chapter VII

The next morning an armful reaches Grinev latest news: the Cossacks left the fortress, taking Yulay prisoner; Masha did not have time to get to Orenburg and the road was blocked. By order of the captain, the rebel patrolmen are shot from a cannon.

Soon Pugachev’s main army appears, led by Emelyan himself, smartly dressed in a red caftan and riding a white horse. Four traitorous Cossacks offer to surrender, recognizing Pugachev as ruler. They throw Yulay's head over the fence, which falls at Mironov's feet. Mironov gives the order to shoot, and one of the negotiators is killed, the rest manage to escape.

They begin to storm the fortress, and Mironov says goodbye to his family and gives Masha’s blessing. Vasilisa takes her terrified daughter away. The commandant fires the cannon once, gives the order to open the gate, and then rushes into battle.

The soldiers are in no hurry to run after the commander, and the attackers manage to break into the fortress. Grinev is taken prisoner. A large gallows is being built in the square. A crowd gathers around, many greet the rioters with joy. The impostor, sitting on a chair in the commandant's house, takes oaths from prisoners. Ignatyich and Mironov are hanged for refusing to take an oath.

The turn reaches Grinev, and he notices Shvabrin among the rebels. When Peter is escorted to the gallows to be executed, Savelich unexpectedly falls at Pugachev’s feet. Somehow he manages to beg for mercy for Grinev. When Vasilisa was taken out of the house, seeing her dead husband, she emotionally called Pugachev “an escaped convict.” She is immediately killed for this.

Chapter VIII

Peter began to look for Masha. The news was disappointing - she was lying unconscious with the priest’s wife, who told everyone that it was her seriously ill relative. Peter returns to the old looted apartment and learns from Savelich how he managed to persuade Pugachev to let Peter go.

Pugachev is the same random passer-by whom they met when they got lost and gave them a hare sheepskin coat. Pugachev invites Peter to the commandant’s house, and he eats there with the rebels at the same table.

During lunch, he manages to overhear how the military council is making plans to march on Orenburg. After lunch, Grinev and Pugachev have a conversation, where Pugachev again demands to take an oath. Peter again refuses him, arguing that he is an officer and the orders of his commanders are law for him. Pugachev likes such honesty, and he lets Peter go again.

Chapter IX

On the morning before Pugachev’s departure, Savelich approaches him and brings things that were taken from Grinev during his capture. At the very end of the list is a hare sheepskin coat. Pugachev gets angry and throws out the sheet of paper with this list. Leaving, he leaves Shvabrin as commandant.

Grinev rushes to the priest's wife to find out how Masha is, but very disappointing news awaits him - she is delirious and in a fever. He can't take her away, but he also can't stay. Therefore, he has to leave her temporarily.

Worried, Grinev and Savelich walk slowly to Orenburg. Suddenly, unexpectedly, the former constable Maksimych, who is riding a Bashkir horse, catches up with them. It turned out that it was Pugachev who said to give the officer a horse and a sheepskin coat. Peter gratefully accepts this gift.

Chapter X

Arriving in Orenburg, Peter reports to the general about everything that happened in the fortress. At the council they decide not to attack, but only to defend. After some time, the siege of Orenburg by Pugachev’s army begins. Thanks to a fast horse and luck, Grinev remains safe and sound.

In one of these forays he meets Maksimych. Maksimych gives him a letter from Masha, which says that Shvabrin kidnapped her and forcibly forces her to marry him. Grinev runs to the general and asks for a company of soldiers to liberate the Belgorod fortress, but the general refuses him.

Chapter XI

Grinev and Savelich decide to escape from Orenburg and without any problems go towards the Bermuda settlement, which was occupied by Pugachev’s people. Having waited until nightfall, they decide to drive around the settlement in the dark, but they are caught by a detachment of patrolmen. He miraculously manages to escape, but Savelich, unfortunately, does not.

Therefore, Peter returns for him and is then captured. Pugachev finds out why he fled Orenburg. Peter informs him about Shvabrin’s tricks. Pugachev begins to get angry and threatens to hang him.

Pugachev's adviser does not believe Grinev's stories, claiming that Peter is a spy. Suddenly, a second adviser named Khlopusha begins to stand up for Peter. They almost start a fight, but the impostor calms them down. Pugachev decides to take the wedding of Peter and Masha into his own hands.

Chapter XII

When Pugachev arrived to the Belgorod fortress, he began to demand to see the girl who was kidnapped by Shvabrin. He leads Pugachev and Grinev into the room where Masha is sitting on the floor.

Pugachev, deciding to understand the situation, asks Masha why her husband beats her. Masha exclaims indignantly that she will never become his wife. Pugachev is very disappointed in Shvabrin and orders him to immediately let the young couple go.

Chapter XIII

Masha with Peter set off on the road. When they enter the town, where there should be a large detachment of Pugachevites, they see that the city has already been liberated. They want to arrest Grinev, he goes into the officer’s room and sees his old acquaintance Zurin at the head.

He remains in Zurin’s detachment, and sends Masha and Savelich to their parents. Soon the siege was lifted from Orenburg, and news of victory and the end of the war arrived, since the impostor was captured. While Peter was getting ready to go home, Zurin received an order for his arrest.

Chapter XIV

In court, Pyotr Grinev is accused of treason and espionage. Witness - Shvabrin. In order not to drag Masha into this matter, Peter does not justify himself in any way, and they want to hang him. Empress Catherine, taking pity on his elderly father, changes the execution to serving a life sentence in the Siberian settlement. Masha decides that she will lie at the feet of the empress, begging for mercy on him.

Having gone to St. Petersburg, she stops at an inn and finds out that the owner is the niece of the stove burner in the palace. She helps Masha enter the garden of Tsarskoye Selo, where she meets a lady who promises to help her. After some time, a carriage arrives from the palace for Masha. Entering Catherine's chambers, she is surprised to see the woman with whom she spoke in the garden. She announces to her that Grinev is acquitted. read our article.

Afterword

This was a short retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” is a rather interesting story from the school curriculum. Summary according to the chapters you need for.

Pyotr Grinev was born in the Simbirsk village (essay about him). His parents are Prime Major Andrei Petrovich Grinev and Avdotya Vasilievna Yu. Even before Peter was born, his father enrolled him in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant. The boy was on leave until the end of his studies, but it was conducted extremely poorly. The father hired Monsieur Beaupre to teach the young master French, German languages and other sciences. Instead, the man learned Russian with the help of Peter and then everyone began to do their own thing: the mentor - to drink and walk, and the child - to have fun. Later, the boy's father kicked Monsieur Beaupre out of the yard because he was pestering the maid. No new teachers were hired.

When Peter turned seventeen, his father decided that it was time for his son to enter the service. However, he was sent not to the St. Petersburg Semenovsky regiment, but to Orenburg, so that he could smell gunpowder and become a real man, instead of having fun in the capital. Stremyanny Savelich (his characterization), who was granted the uncle Peter when he was still a child, went with his ward. On the way we made a stop in Simbirsk to buy the necessary things. While the mentor was solving business issues and meeting with old friends, Peter met Ivan Zurin, the captain of the hussar regiment. The man began to teach the young man to be a military man: to drink and play billiards. After this, Peter returned to Savelich drunk, cursed the old man and greatly offended him. The next morning, the mentor began to lecture him and tried to persuade him not to give back the lost hundred rubles. However, Peter insisted on repaying the debt. Soon the two of them moved on.

Chapter 2: COUNSELOR

On the way to Orenburg, Pyotr Grinev was tormented by his conscience: he realized that he had behaved stupidly and rudely. The young man apologized to Savelich and promised that this would not happen again. The man replied that it was his own fault: he should not have left his ward alone. After Peter’s words, Savelich calmed down a little. Later, a snowstorm overtook the travelers and they lost their way. After some time we met a man who told us which way the village was. They drove off, and Grinev dozed off. He dreamed that he returned home, his mother said that his father was dying and wanted to say goodbye. However, when Peter came in to him, he saw that it was not his dad. Instead, there was a man with a black beard who looked at him cheerfully. Grinev was indignant, why on earth would he ask for a blessing from a stranger, but his mother ordered him to do so, saying that this was his imprisoned father. Peter did not agree, so the man jumped out of bed and waved his ax, demanding to accept the blessing. The room was filled with dead bodies. At that moment the young man woke up. Later, he connected many events of his life with this dream. After resting, Grinev decided to thank the guide and gave him his hare sheepskin coat against Savelich’s will.

After some time, the travelers arrived in Orenburg. Grinev immediately went to General Andrei Karlovich, who turned out to be tall, but already hunched over with old age. He had long white hair and a German accent. Peter gave him a letter, then they had lunch together, and the next day Grinev, by order, went to his place of service - to the Belogorsk fortress. The young man was still not happy that his father had sent him to such a wilderness.

Chapter 3: FORTRESS

Pyotr Grinev and Savelich arrived at the Belogorsk fortress, which did not inspire a warlike appearance. It was a frail village where disabled people and old people served. Peter met the inhabitants of the fortress: captain Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, his wife Vasilisa Egorovna, their daughter Masha and Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin (his image is described), transferred to this wilderness for murder in a duel with a lieutenant. The guilty soldier first came to Grinev - he wanted to see a new human face. At the same time, Shvabrin told Peter about the local inhabitants.

Grinev was invited to dinner with the Mironovs. They asked the young man about his family, talked about how they themselves came to the Belogorsk fortress, and Vasilisa Egorovna was afraid of the Bashkirs and Kyrgyzs. Masha (her detailed description) had been shuddering from gun shots until then, and when her father decided to fire a cannon on her mother’s name day, she almost died of fear. The girl was of marriageable age, but her dowry included only a comb, a broom, an altyn of money and bath accessories. Vasilisa Egorovna ( female images described) was worried that her daughter would remain an old maid, because no one would want to marry a poor woman. Grinev was prejudiced towards Masha, because before that Shvabrin had described her as a fool.

Chapter 4: DUEHL

Soon Pyotr Grinev got used to the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress, and he even liked life there. Ivan Kuzmich, who became an officer from the children of soldiers, was simple and uneducated, but honest and kind. His wife ran the fortress as well as her own home. Marya Ivanovna turned out to be not a fool at all, but a prudent and sensitive girl. The crooked garrison lieutenant Ivan Ignatyich did not at all enter into a criminal relationship with Vasilisa Yegorovna, as Shvabrin had said before. Because of such nasty things, communication with Alexei Ivanovich became less and less pleasant for Peter. The service did not burden Grinev. There were no inspections, no exercises, no guards in the fortress.

Over time, Peter liked Masha. He composed for her love poem and let Shvabrina evaluate it. He strongly criticized the essay and the girl herself. He even slandered Masha, hinting that she visited him at night. Grinev was indignant, accused Alexei of lying, and the latter challenged him to a duel. At first the competition did not take place, because Ivan Ignatich reported the intentions of the young people to Vasilisa Yegorovna. Masha admitted to Grinev that Alexey was wooing her, but she refused. Later, Peter and Alexei fought a duel again. Because of Savelich’s sudden appearance, Grinev looked back, and Shvabrin stabbed him in the chest with a sword.

Chapter 5: LOVE

On the fifth day after the accident, Grinev woke up. Savelich and Masha were nearby all the time. Peter immediately confessed his feelings to the girl. At first she did not answer him, citing the fact that he was ill, but later gave her consent. Grinev immediately sent his parents a request for a blessing, but his father responded with a rude and decisive refusal. In his opinion, Peter had gone crazy. Grinev Sr. was also indignant about his son’s duel. He wrote that, having learned about this, his mother fell ill. The father said that he would ask Ivan Kuzmich to immediately transfer the young man to another place.

The letter horrified Peter. Masha refused to marry him without the blessing of his parents, saying that then the young man would not be happy. Grinev was also angry with Savelich for interfering with the duel and reporting it to his father. The man was offended and said that he ran to Peter to shield Shvabrin from his sword, but old age got in the way, and he did not have time, and did not inform his father. Savelich showed his ward a letter from Grinev Sr., where he cursed because the servant did not report the duel. After this, Peter realized that he was mistaken and began to suspect Shvabrin of the denunciation. It was beneficial for him that Grinev be transferred from the Belogorsk fortress.

Chapter 6: PUGACHEVSHCHINA

At the end of 1773, Captain Mironov received a message about the Don Cossack Emelyan Pugachev (here is his name), who was posing as the late emperor Peter III. The criminal gathered a gang and destroyed several fortresses. There was a possibility of an attack on Belogorskaya, so its inhabitants immediately began to prepare: to clean the cannon. After some time, they seized a Bashkir with outrageous sheets that foreshadowed an imminent attack. Torture did not work because his tongue was torn out.

When the robbers took the Nizhneozernaya fortress, capturing all the soldiers and hanging the officers, it became clear that the enemies would soon arrive at Mironov. For the sake of safety, my parents decided to send Masha to Orenburg. Vasilisa Egorovna refused to leave her husband. Peter said goodbye to his beloved, saying that his last prayer would be for her.

Chapter 7: ATTACK

In the morning the Belogorsk fortress was surrounded. Several traitors sided with Pugachev, and Marya Mironova did not have time to leave for Orenburg. The father said goodbye to his daughter, blessing her for marriage with the person who would be worthy. After the capture of the fortress, Pugachev hanged the commandant and, under the guise of Peter III, began to demand an oath. Those who refused suffered the same fate.

Peter saw Shvabrin among the traitors. Alexey said something to Pugachev, and he decided to hang Grinev without an offer to take the oath. When a noose was put around the young man's neck, Savelich convinced the robber to change his mind - a ransom could be obtained from the master's child. The mentor offered to hang himself instead of Peter. Pugachev spared both. Vasilisa Egorovna, seeing her husband in the noose, started screaming, and she was also killed, hit on the head with a saber.

Chapter 8: UNINVITED GUEST

Pugachev and his comrades celebrated the capture of another fortress. Marya Ivanovna survived. Popadya Akulina Pamfilovna hid her at home and passed her off as her niece. The impostor believed. Having learned this, Peter calmed down a little. Savelich told him that Pugachev was the drunkard who met him on the way to his place of service. Grinev was saved by the fact that he then gave the robber his sheepskin coat. Peter was lost in thought: duty required him to go to a new place of service, where he could be useful to the Fatherland, but love tied him to the Belogorsk fortress.

Later, Pugachev called Peter to his place and once again offered to enter his service. Grinev refused, saying that he had sworn allegiance to Catherine II and could not take his words back. The impostor liked the honesty and courage of the young man, and he let him go on all four sides.

Chapter 9: SEPARATION

In the morning, Pyotr Grinev woke up to the beat of drums and went out to the square. Cossacks gathered near the gallows. Pugachev released Peter to Orenburg and told him to warn about the imminent attack on the city. Alexey Shvabrin was appointed the new head of the fortress. Grinev was horrified to hear this, because Marya Ivanovna was now in danger. Savelich decided to make a claim to Pugachev and demand compensation for damage. The impostor was extremely indignant, but did not punish him.

Before leaving, Peter went to say goodbye to Marya Ivanovna. From the stress she suffered, she developed a fever, and the girl lay delirious, not recognizing the young man. Grinev was worried about her and decided that the only way he could help was to quickly reach Orenburg and help liberate the fortress. When Peter and Savelich were walking along the road to the city, a Cossack caught up with them. He was on a horse and holding the second one in the reins. The man said that Pugachev gave Grinev a horse, a fur coat from his shoulder and a yard of money, but he lost the latter on the way. The young man accepted the gifts, and advised the man to find the lost funds and take them for vodka.

Chapter 10: SIEGE OF THE CITY

Pyotr Grinev arrived in Orenburg and reported to the general the military situation. A council was immediately convened, but everyone except the young man was in favor of not attacking, but waiting for an attack. The general agreed with Grinev, but stated that he could not risk the people entrusted to him. Then Peter remained waiting in the city, occasionally making forays beyond the walls against Pugachev’s people. The robbers were much better armed than the warriors of the legitimate government.

During one of his forays, Grinev met sergeant Maksimych from the Belogorsk fortress. He gave the young man a letter from Marya Mironova, who reported that Alexei Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him, otherwise he would reveal to Pugachev the secret that she was the captain’s daughter and not the niece of Akulina Pamfilovna. Grinev was horrified by Marya’s words and immediately went to the general with a repeated request to march on the Belogorsk fortress, but was again refused.

Chapter 11: REBEL SLOBODA

Finding no help from the legitimate authorities, Pyotr Grinev left Orenburg to personally teach Alexei Shvabrin a lesson. Savelich refused to leave his ward and went with him. On the way, the young man and the old man were caught by Pugachev’s people, and they took Peter to their “father.” The leader of the robbers lived in a Russian hut, which was called a palace. The only difference from ordinary houses was that it was covered with gold paper. Pugachev always kept two advisers with him, whom he called enarals. One of them is the fugitive corporal Beloborodov, and the second is an exiled criminal Sokolov, nicknamed Khlopushka.

Pugachev became angry with Shvabrin when he learned that he was hurting the orphan. The man decided to help Peter and was even happy to learn that Marya was his fiancée. The next day they went together to the Belogorsk fortress. Faithful Savelich again refused to leave the master's child.

Chapter 12: ORPHAN

Arriving at the Belogorsk fortress, the travelers met Shvabrin. He called Marya his wife, which seriously angered Grinev, but the girl denied this. Pugachev was angry with Alexei, but pardoned him, threatening to remember this offense if he committed another one. Shvabrin looked pathetic, kneeling. Nevertheless, he had the courage to reveal Marya’s secret. Pugachev’s face darkened, but he realized that he had been deceived in order to save an innocent child, so he forgave and released the lovers.

Pugachev left. Marya Ivanovna said goodbye to the graves of her parents, packed her things and went to Orenburg along with Peter, Palasha and Savelich. Shvabrin's face expressed gloomy anger.

Chapter 13: ARREST

The travelers stopped in a city not far from Orenburg. There Grinev met an old acquaintance Zurin, to whom he once lost a hundred rubles. The man advised Peter not to marry at all, because love is a whim. Grinev did not agree with Zurin, but understood that he had to serve the empress, so he sent Marya to her parents as a bride, accompanied by Savelich, and he himself decided to remain in the army.

After saying goodbye to the girl, Peter had fun with Zurin, and then they set out on a hike. At the sight of the troops of the legitimate government, the rebellious villages came into obedience. Soon, under the Tatishcheva fortress, Prince Golitsyn defeated Pugachev and liberated Orenburg, but the impostor gathered a new gang, took Kazan and marched on Moscow. Still, after some time, Pugachev was caught. War is over. Peter received leave and was going to go home to his family and Marya. However, on the day of departure, Zurin received a letter with an order to detain Grinev and send him on guard to Kazan for the commission of inquiry into the Pugachev case. I had to obey.

Chapter 14: COURT

Pyotr Grinev was sure that he would not face serious punishment, and decided to tell everything as it is. However, the young man did not mention Marya Ivanovna’s name, so as not to involve her in this vile matter. The commission did not believe the young man and considered his father to be an unworthy son. During the investigation, it became known that the informer was Shvabrin.

Andrei Petrovich Grinev was horrified by the thought that his son was a traitor. The boy's mother was upset. Peter, only out of respect for his father, was spared execution and sentenced to exile in Siberia. Marya Ivanovna, whom the young man’s parents had fallen in love with, went to St. Petersburg. There, while walking, she met a noble lady, who, having learned that the girl was going to ask for favor from the Empress, listened to the story and said that she could help. Later it turned out that it was Catherine II herself. She pardoned Pyotr Grinev. Soon the young man and Marya Mironova got married, they had children, and Pugachev nodded to the young man before hanging in a noose.

MISSING CHAPTER

This chapter was not included in the final edition. Here Grinev is called Bulanin, and Zurin is called Grinev.

Peter pursued the Pugachevites, being in Zurin’s detachment. The troops found themselves near the banks of the Volga and not far from the Grinev estate. Peter decided to meet with his parents and Marya Ivanovna, so he went to them alone.

It turned out that the village was in a riot, and the young man’s family was in captivity. When Grinev entered the barn, the peasants locked him in with them. Savelich went to report this to Zurin. Meanwhile, Shvabrin arrived in the village and ordered the barn to be set on fire. Peter's father wounded Alexei, and the family was able to get out of the burning barn. At that moment, Zurin arrived and saved them from Shvabrin, the Pugachevites and the rebellious peasants. Alexei was sent to Kazan for trial, the peasants were pardoned, and Grinev Jr. went to suppress the remnants of the rebellion.

Pushkin, having written this work, undoubtedly created a masterpiece that is successful even today. The story of valiant warriors defending the honor of the Motherland, despite all the twists of fate, always inspires respect.

You can fully experience the customs that reigned in Imperial Rus', having read Pushkin’s complete work or a short retelling of it. “The Captain's Daughter,” retold chapter by chapter, is an opportunity to significantly reduce the time that needs to be spent on reading. In addition, the reader gets to know the work without losing the original meaning of the story, which is an extremely important detail.

Chapter I - Sergeant of the Guard

About the most significant events from which it originates this story, you can find out by reading his summary. “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 1) begins with a story about how the life of the parents of the main character, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, turned out. It all started with the fact that Andrei Petrovich Grinev (the father of the main character), having retired as a prime major, went to his Siberian village, where he married a poor noblewoman, Avdotya Vasilievna. Despite the fact that 9 children were born in the family, all of them, except for the main character of the book, Pyotr Andreevich, died in infancy.

While still in his mother's womb, the child was enrolled by his father in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant, thanks to the goodwill of one influential relative who was a major in the prince's guard. The father hoped that if a girl was born, he would simply announce the death of the sergeant who did not show up for duty, and the issue would be resolved.

From the age of 5, Peter was given to be raised by the eager Savelich, who was granted his uncle for his sobriety. By the age of 12, the boy not only knew Russian literacy, but also learned to understand the dignity of greyhounds. Considering his son old enough to further master the sciences, his father assigned him a French teacher from Moscow, Monsieur Beaupre, who was kind, but had a weakness for women and wine. As a result of this, several girls complained about him to the mistress, and he was expelled in disgrace.

One day, the father of the main character of the book, re-reading the Court Calendar, which he wrote out annually, saw that his subordinates had risen to high ranks, and decided that Peter needed to be sent to serve. Despite the fact that his son was initially enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment in St. Petersburg, his father decided to send him to the army as an ordinary soldier in order to protect him from a wild life. Having written a covering letter to Peter, he sent him, accompanied by Savelich, to his friend Andrei Karlovich in Orenburg.

Already at the first stop in Simbirsk, when the guide went shopping, Peter, bored, went to the billiard room, where he met Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, who served with the rank of captain. After it turned out that the young man did not know how to play billiards, Zurin, promising to teach him, declared at the end of the game that Peter had lost and now owed him 100 rubles. Since Savelich had all the money, Zurin agreed to wait for the debt and took his new acquaintance to entertainment venues, getting him thoroughly drunk.

In the morning, Peter was visited by a messenger boy with a letter in which Zurin demanded his money. Frightened by this behavior of his ward, Savelich decided that he needed to be taken away from the tavern as quickly as possible. As soon as the horses were supplied, Peter set off towards Orenburg, without even saying goodbye to his “teacher”.

Chapter II - Counselor

It is noteworthy that even a short retelling fully conveys the essence of the work written by Pushkin. “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 2) begins from the moment when Peter realizes the stupidity and recklessness of his behavior. He decides to make peace with Savelich, promising not to spend another penny without his knowledge.

We had to get to Orenburg through a snow-covered desert. After our heroes had covered most of the path, the coachman suggested turning the horses to their previous stop, as a snowstorm was approaching. Considering his fears unnecessary, Peter decided to continue the journey, just speeding up the horses in order to quickly get to the next stop. However, the storm began much earlier than they managed to get there.

Making their way through the snow drifts, they saw a road man in the snow who showed them the way to the nearest village. While they were driving, Peter fell asleep and had a terrible dream, as if, having arrived home, he found out that his father was dying. However, approaching the bed, instead of his father, he found a scary man there. Mother persuaded Peter to kiss his hand and receive a blessing, but he refused. Then the terrible man got out of bed, holding an ax in his hand, and the whole room was filled with corpses and blood. He was unable to see the dream through to the end, as he was awakened by Savelich, who reported that they had already arrived at the inn.

Having rested, Peter ordered to give them to yesterday's guide half a ruble, but after Savelich resisted, he did not dare to break the promise given to him and decided to give the guide his new hare sheepskin coat, despite all the dissatisfaction of his senior comrade.

Arriving in Orenburg, the young man went straight to the general, who looked like a real old man. Peter gave him a covering letter and his passport and was assigned to the Belgorod fortress under the command of Captain Mironov, who was supposed to teach him all the wisdom of war.

Analysis of the initial part of the story

Many will agree that one of the best creations that Pushkin created is “The Captain's Daughter”. A brief retelling of the work allows you to fully familiarize yourself with the story. At the same time, you will spend reading it minimal amount time.

What does the short retelling tell next? “The Captain’s Daughter” (Chapters 1 and 2) tells about how the gentleman’s son spent his comfortable childhood and youth, who begins to gradually comprehend the world through his own trial and error. Despite the fact that he does not yet have the proper life experience, the young man began to communicate with by different people, recognizing their character traits, which are not always positive.

A brief retelling of the story “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 1) allows us to judge how much influence the parents had on their offspring, whose decisions were unquestioning and not subject to discussion. The second chapter shows the reader that the attitude towards people returns a hundredfold, because an ordinary sheepskin coat given to a poor man will in the future have a great influence on the fate of the main character.

Chapter III - Fortress

A brief retelling of the story “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 3) continues. Pyotr Grinev finally arrived at the Belgorod fortress, in which, however, he was greatly disappointed due to the lack of large-scale buildings. He saw only a small village, in the middle of which a cannon was installed. Since no one came out to meet him, he decided to ask the nearest old woman about where he needed to go, who, upon closer acquaintance, turned out to be the captain’s wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna. She kindly received Peter and, calling the constable, ordered to give him a good room. The hut in which he was to live was located on a high bank of the river. He lived in it together with Semyon Kuzov, who occupied the other half.

Getting up in the morning, Peter was struck by the uniformity of existence in the place where he was to spend many days. However, at this time a young man knocked on his door, who turned out to be officer Shvabrin, discharged from the guard for a duel. The young people quickly became friends and decided to pay a visit to Captain Ivan Kuzmich, who was caught training soldiers. He invited the young people to stay for lunch and invited them to go to his house. There they were kindly met by Vasilisa Egorovna, who introduced them to her daughter Maria Ivanovna, about whom Peter had a negative first impression. You can get a full sense of how these young people's relationship began to form by reading just a short recap.

“The Captain's Daughter” - a chapter-by-chapter retelling of the work - allows you to significantly speed up the time you need to spend reading. Pyotr Grinev immediately became a good candidate for a husband for Maria’s parents, and they in every possible way encouraged the development of such relationships, which at the initial stage did not develop very smoothly.

Chapter IV - Duel

A brief retelling of Chapter 4 of “The Captain’s Daughter” begins from the moment Peter began to settle into the fortress and received officer rank. In the captain's house he was now accepted as family, and with Marya Ivanovna he began strong friendly relations, strengthening every day against the background of mutual sympathy.

Peter begins to become increasingly irritated by Shvabrin, however, since there was no other suitable interlocutor in the fortress, he continued to see him every day. One day, having heard a song composed by Peter, Shvabrin starts a squabble, as a result of which he imagines Maria as a fallen girl and challenges Peter to a duel. The young people decided to invite Lieutenant Ivan Kuzmich as a second. However, he not only refused, but also threatened to tell everything to the captain. Peter had difficulty in promising him to keep the future duel a secret. Despite this, on the day when the battle was supposed to take place, the young people were waylaid by Vasilisa Yegorovna, who, having taken away their swords, ordered them to make peace.

However, as it turned out, the skirmish did not end there. Maria Ivanovna told Peter that Shvabrin proposed to her several months before his arrival, and she refused him. That is why he tells unpleasant things about her person. The essence of this person can be examined in detail by reading a short retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” is a story in which people show, first of all, their true essence, which in normal times is hidden under the mask of visible goodwill.

Pyotr Grinev, not wanting to put up with this state of affairs, decides to punish the impudent man at all costs. The very next day after the conversation described above, a fight occurs between former friends on the river bank, as a result of which main character receives a blow with a sword in the chest, slightly below the shoulder.

Chapter V - Love

In this chapter, the reader can get acquainted with the love story, as far as a brief retelling allows. “The Captain's Daughter” is a work in which the main characters are not so much revolutionaries striving for power, but two young people who are sincerely in love with each other.

The fifth chapter begins from the moment Pyotr Grinev comes to his senses after being wounded just at the moment when the barber was bandaging him. Marya Ivanovna and Savelich did not leave his side until his health returned to normal. On one of these days, left alone with Peter, Mary dared to kiss him on the cheek. Peter, who had not previously hidden his feelings, proposed to her. Maria agreed, but they decided to wait and not tell their parents until the young man’s wound had completely healed.

Peter immediately wrote a letter to his parents in which he asked them to give him a blessing. Meanwhile, the wound began to heal, and the young man moved from the commandant’s house to his own apartment. Peter made peace with Shvabrin in the very first days, asking the kind commandant to release him from prison. Shvabrin, when released, admitted he was wrong and apologized.

Peter and Mary had already begun to make plans for their life together. They had no doubt that the girl’s parents would agree to the marriage, but the letter received from Peter’s father completely ruined their plans. He was categorically against this marriage, and Marya Ivanovna was against marriage without a blessing.

Staying in the commandant’s house after this news became a burden for Pyotr Grinev. The fact that Maria diligently avoided him drove the young man into despair. Sometimes he even thought that Savelich had told his father everything, which caused his displeasure, but the old servant refuted his assumptions by showing him an angry letter in which Andrei Petrovich Grinev threatened to subject him to the hardest work for not reporting what had happened on time. The good-natured old man tried to soften the anger of Andrei Petrovich Grinev, describing in his response letter not only the seriousness of Peter’s injury, but also the fact that he did not report it only because he was afraid to disturb the hostess, who fell ill after receiving this news.

Reading analysis

Having read the above text, the reader can be convinced that the entire meaning inherent in the work by Pushkin has been absorbed in this brief retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 1-5) completely reveals the world to the reader Russian Empire. For most people at that time, the concepts of honor and courage were inseparable, and Pyotr Andreevich Grinev mastered them to the fullest.

Despite the outbreak of love, the young people did not dare to disobey the will of their parents and tried, if possible, to stop communicating. It is safe to say that if it were not for the rebellion raised by Pugachev, their fate could have turned out completely differently.

Chapter VI - Pugachevism

The political and military situation in the Orenburg province was very unstable. After Ivan Kuzmich received a state letter informing about the escape of the Don Cossack Pugachev, the guards in the fortress became stricter. Rumors began to spread among the Cossacks, which could prompt them to revolt. That is why Ivan Kuzmich began to send scouts to them, informing him about the mood in their ranks.

After a very short period of time, Pugachev’s army began to gain strength, he even wrote a message to Ivan Kuzmich, in which he said that he would soon come to capture his fortress and invited everyone to come over to his side. The unrest was also intensified by the fact that the neighboring Nizhneozersk fortress was taken by Pugachev, and all the commandants who did not submit to him were hanged.

After this message, Ivan Kuzmich insisted that Maria be sent to her godmother in Orenburg under the protection of stone walls and cannons while the remaining people defended the fortress. The girl, who learned about her father’s decision, was extremely upset, and Peter, who saw this, returned after everyone had left to say goodbye to his beloved, promising never to forget her.

Chapter VII - Attack

The events discussed in this chapter are fully described by a brief retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” is a story that shows all the mental torment of the main character, torn between his homeland and his beloved, who is in danger.

The chapter begins with Peter unable to sleep the night before the battle. The news that Pugachev had surrounded the fortress and Maria Ivanovna did not have time to leave it took him by surprise. He hastily joined the people who were preparing to defend the building. Some of the soldiers deserted, and when Pugachev sent the last warning to the defenders of the fortress, there were very few of them left. Ivan Kuzmich ordered his wife and daughter to hide from the battlefield. Despite the fact that the defense of the fortress was heroic, Pugachev captured it without much difficulty, since the forces were unequal.

The face of the rebel taking the oath in the square seemed vaguely familiar to Peter, but he could not remember exactly where he had seen him. He immediately executed everyone who did not want to submit to the leader. What struck the main character most of all was when he saw Shvabrin in the crowd of traitors, who was trying his best to send Peter to the gallows.

Our hero, who was already standing in the noose, was saved by a lucky chance in the form of old man Savelich, who threw himself at Pugachev’s feet and asked for mercy for the master. The rebel pardoned the young man and, as it turned out, not in vain. It was Pugachev who was the very guide who led Peter and Savelich out of the snowstorm, and it was to him that the young man gave his hare sheepskin coat. However, Peter, who had not yet recovered from the first shock, was in for something new: Vasilisa Egorovna, stripped naked, ran out into the square, cursing the invaders, and when she saw her husband killed by Pugachev, she showered him with curses, in response to which he ordered her execution, and the young Cossack hit her saber to the head.

Chapter XIII - Uninvited Guest

You can fully feel the full degree of despair that gripped the main character by reading Pushkin’s complete work or his short retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” chapter by chapter (Pushkin) allows you to significantly speed up the reading time without losing the meaning of the story. This chapter begins with the following moment: Peter stands in the square and watches as the surviving people continued to swear allegiance to Pugachev. After this, the area is empty. Most of all, Pyotr Grinev was worried about the unknown fate of Maria Ivanovna. Inspecting her room, plundered by robbers, he discovered the maid Pasha, who reported that Marya Ivanovna had fled to the priest, where Pugachev was having dinner at that very moment.

Peter immediately went to her house and, having lured the priest, found out that in order to save Mary from the robbers, she called the girl her sick niece. A little reassured, Peter returned home, but was immediately summoned to an appointment with Pugachev. He was still sitting at the priest's side along with his closest officers. Pugachev, like Peter, was amazed at the vicissitudes of fate, which again brought their paths together, because, giving a sheepskin coat to his guide, Peter could not even think that one day he would save his life.

Pugachev asked again whether Peter would swear allegiance to him, but he refused and asked to be released to Orenburg. Since the rebel was in a good mood and was extremely pleased with Peter's honesty, he allowed him to leave the next day.

Chapter IX - Separation

In this chapter, the reader can become familiar with the robbery that Pugachev committed in Rus'. Even a short retelling conveys his actions fully. “The Captain's Daughter” is one of the first works that reveals the essence of that era. It shows without embellishment the robbery and devastation that reigned in the cities captured by the gangs of the self-proclaimed sovereign.

The ninth chapter begins with the fact that in the morning Pyotr Grinev comes to the square again. The people hanged the day before are still hanging in nooses, and the commandant’s body was simply carried to the side and covered with matting.

At this time, Pugachev, to the beat of drums, goes out into the street along with all his entourage, in whose ranks Shvabrin stood. Calling Peter to him, he allowed him to leave for Orenburg and announce to the governor that the generals there should prepare for his arrival and surrender in order to avoid bloodshed.

After that, he turned to the people and said that Shvabrin was now appointed commandant of the fortress, he must obey unquestioningly. Peter was horrified, realizing that Maria Ivanovna remained in the hands of a traitor who was angry with her, but so far he could not do anything.

Having made this statement, Pugachev was about to leave, but Savelich approached him with a list of stolen things. The leader, angry, drove him away, however, when Peter said goodbye to Marya Ivanovna, whom he already considered his wife, and he and Savelich moved a sufficient distance away from the fortress, they were caught up by a constable who gave them a horse and a fur coat. He also said that he was also carrying half of the money from their benefactor, which he lost on the road. Despite the fact that neither Peter nor Savelich believed his words, they still gratefully accepted the gift and set off towards Orenburg.

Analysis

The central part of the story allows us to conclude that the life of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev was constantly in danger due to his carelessness. After you analyze the shortest retelling, “The Captain’s Daughter” will no longer be presented as an amusement story, but as a work that should guide young people on the right path and protect them from reckless actions. This is what happened to Pyotr Grinev, who, thanks to his kind and honest disposition, was able to win the respect of even such an unprincipled person as Pugachev.

Chapter X - Siege of the City

After Peter finally arrived in Orenburg, he spoke at a special military meeting about how things were going in Pugachev’s army and the Belgorod fortress, and called for immediately sending troops to disperse the rioters, but his opinion was not supported. It was decided, for the benefit of the safety of the city residents, to withstand the siege, repelling enemy attacks, but the city was completely unprepared for it. Prices immediately rose to the maximum level, there was not enough food for everyone, and famine was brewing in Orenburg.

During this time, Pyotr Andreevich repeatedly made forays among the enemies, exchanging fire with Pugachev’s assistants, but the advantage was almost always on their side, since neither horses nor people experienced a shortage of food. On one of these forays, Peter caught up with a lagging Cossack and was about to kill him, when he recognized him as a police officer who had brought him a horse and a sheepskin coat when he and Savelich were leaving the Belgorod fortress. He, in turn, gave him a letter from Marya Ivanovna, which said that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry and, if she refused, would send her straight to Pugachev. She asked him for 3 days to think and begged Pyotr Andreevich to make every effort to save her, since besides him she no longer had close people. The young man immediately went to the governor of Orenburg, to whom he told about the state of affairs and asked to give him soldiers, promising to release the Belgorod fortress and Maria Ivanovna with them, but the governor refused him.

Chapter XI - Rebellious Freedom

Upset by the governor’s refusal, Peter returned to his apartment and asked Savelich to give him part of the hidden money, and to use the rest without hesitation for his own needs. He was preparing to go alone to the Belgorod fortress to save Marya Ivanovna. Despite such a generous gift, Savelich decided to follow him. On the way, they were stopped by Pugachev’s patrolmen, and, despite the fact that Peter managed to slip past them, he could not leave Savelich in their hands and returned back, after which he was also tied up and taken to Pugachev for interrogation.

Left alone with him, Peter asked to release the orphan girl whom Shvabrin was holding captive and demanding that she marry him. The angry Pugachev decided to personally go to the fortress and free the hostage.

Chapter XII - Orphan

When Pugachev drove up to the commandant's house, Shvabrin saw that Peter had arrived with him, he was scared, for a long time he did not want to show the girl to them, citing the fact that she was sick and in delirium tremens, and also that he would not allow strangers to enter the house. to his wife.

However, Pugachev quickly curbed his ardor, declaring that as long as he was the sovereign, everything would be as he decided. Approaching the room where Marya Ivanovna was kept, Shvabrin made another attempt to prevent visitors from visiting her, declaring that he could not find the key, but Pugachev simply knocked down the doors.

A sad sight greeted their eyes. Marya Ivanovna, pale and disheveled, was sitting in a simple peasant dress on the floor, and next to her lay a piece of bread and water. It turned out that the girl was not going to give Shvabrin her consent to the marriage, and his deception greatly angered Pugachev, who, however, being in a complacent mood, decided to pardon him this time. Peter, who once again risked resorting to Pugachev’s mercy, asked to be released with Marya Ivanovna on all four sides and, having received approval, began to prepare for the road. And Maria went to say goodbye to her murdered parents.

Chapter XIII - Arrest

A brief retelling of the story “The Captain's Daughter” allows us to assess the strength of Pugachev’s influence at that time. Thanks to the safe conduct that he issued to Pyotr Grinev, he and Maria passed through all the oncoming posts without any problems until they were captured by the sovereign’s soldiers, who mistook him for an enemy. Imagine Peter’s surprise when it turned out that the commander of the soldiers turned out to be Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, the same one to whom he lost 100 rubles in billiards. They decided to send Maria along with Savelich to Peter's parents. The young man himself had to stay and continue with Zurin the campaign against the robber Pugachev. Maria immediately agreed with his proposal, and old Savelich, being stubborn, agreed to accompany her and take care of her as his future mistress.

Peter began his duties in Zurin’s regiment and even received his first leave, which he planned to spend with his loved ones. But suddenly Zurin came to his apartment with a letter in which he ordered to arrest Peter, wherever he was, and to transfer him for investigation in the Pugachev case.

Despite the fact that the young man’s conscience was clear, and he was not afraid of being accused of a crime, the thought that he would not see his family and Maria for several more months poisoned his existence.

Chapter XIV - Judgment

A brief retelling of the work “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 14) continues with the fact that Peter was taken to Kazan, completely destroyed by Pugachev, in custody. He was chained as a criminal and the very next day they began to interrogate him with the participation of a commission. Peter indignantly rejected all the accusations and told the commission his version of the events that happened.

Despite the fact that the judges began to gain confidence in Peter’s story, after the speech of Shvabrin, who was also arrested and told the commission about Peter’s espionage activities for the benefit of Pugachev, his affairs, already unimportant, deteriorated significantly. Peter was taken to a cell and was no longer called in for interrogation.

The rumor of his arrest struck the entire family, who were imbued with sincere love for Marya Ivanovna. Andrei Petrovich Grinev received a letter from his relative in which he reported that the evidence of his son’s treason against the Motherland turned out to be too thorough, but thanks to his influence, it was decided to replace the execution with exile to Siberia.

Despite the fact that Peter’s relatives were inconsolable, Marya Ivanovna did not lose her presence of mind and decided to go to St. Petersburg in order to seek help from the most influential people. She arrived in Sofia and, stopping near the location royal court, told one young lady her story, asking the empress to put in a good word for her. Despite the fact that at first the young lady did not believe her story, the more Maria Ivanovna told her the details, the more favorable the lady became towards her, promising to put in a good word for her before the empress.

As soon as the girl returned to her room, which she was renting, a carriage was brought to the house, and the chamberlain announced that the empress was demanding her to the court. Appearing in front of the empress, the girl recognized her as the same lady with whom she had recently spoken and asked for help, she gave her a letter to her future father-in-law and said that Peter would be completely acquitted. To celebrate, Marya Ivanovna immediately went to the village, not staying in St. Petersburg for a single day.

Let's sum it up

Many will agree that one of the best works, which Pushkin wrote - “The Captain's Daughter”. A brief retelling of the previous chapters fully shows the hopelessness of the protagonist’s situation. Having managed to avoid most of the dangers and delivered his beloved to a safe place, under the protection of his parents, Pyotr Grinev finds himself in very difficult situation, as a result of which he could be recognized as a traitor to the Motherland and even executed.

If it were not for the dedication of the young girl, who was not afraid to appear before the queen asking for mercy, the current situation for Pyotr Grinev would not have ended in the best way.

Epilogue

Reading a brief retelling of the story “The Captain's Daughter” chapter by chapter, we were able to fully understand the atmosphere of that time.

Despite the fact that the notes of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev end there, it is known that he was completely acquitted and released, was present at the execution of Pugachev and still married Maria Ivanovna, with whom he lived happily until his death, carefully keeping the queen’s letter sent to him to my father.

The whole essence of the story is conveyed regardless of whether you read the whole story or just a short retelling of it. "The Captain's Daughter", conveyed chapter by chapter, allows us to examine in detail how the life of the main character turned out, without prejudice to the meaning of the story. The selfless young man did not bow under the blows of fate, enduring with due courage all the misfortunes that befell him.

Without a doubt, the whole meaning that Pushkin put into his creation can be fully conveyed even in a very short retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” still remains a work that makes people proud. These are the heroes who faithfully serve their Fatherland.

A long time ago, a very long time ago (this is how my grandmother began her story), at a time when I was no more than sixteen years old, we lived - me and my late father - in the Nizhne-Ozernaya fortress, on the Orenburg line. I must tell you that this fortress did not at all resemble either the local city of Simbirsk, or that provincial town to which you, my child, went last year: it was so small that even a five-year-old child would not have gotten tired of running around it; the houses in it were all small, low, mostly made of twigs, coated with clay, covered with straw and fenced with wattles. But Nizhne-ozernaya It also did not resemble your father’s village, because this fortress had, in addition to huts on chicken legs, an old wooden church, a rather large and equally old house of the serf commander, a guardhouse and long log grain stores. In addition, our fortress was surrounded on three sides by a log fence, with two gates and pointed turrets in the corners, and the fourth side was tightly adjacent to the Ural bank, steep as a wall and high as the local cathedral. Not only was Nizhneozernaya so well fenced: there were two or three old cast-iron cannons in it, and about fifty of the same old and grimy soldiers, who, although they were a little decrepit, still stood on their own feet, had long guns and cutlasses, and after every evening dawn cheerfully shouted: with God the night begins. Although our disabled people rarely managed to show their courage, it was impossible to do without them; because in the old days the side there was very restless: the Bashkirs were either rebelling, or the Kirghiz were robbing - all infidel Busurmans, fierce as wolves and terrible as unclean spirits. They not only captured Christian people into their filthy captivity and drove away Christian herds; but sometimes they even approached the very back of our fortress, threatening to chop and burn us all. In such cases, our little soldiers had enough work: for whole days they shot back at the adversaries from small towers and through the cracks of the old tine. My late father (who received the rank of captain during the time of Empress Elisaveta Petrovna of blessed memory) commanded both these honored old men and other residents of Nizhneozernaya - retired soldiers, Cossacks and commoners; in short, he was a commandant in the present day, but in the old commander fortresses My father (God remember his soul in the kingdom of heaven) was a man of the old century: fair, cheerful, talkative, he called the service mother, and the sword sister - and in every matter he loved to insist on his own. I no longer had a mother. God took her to Him before I could pronounce her name. So, in the large commander’s house that I told you about, only the priest lived, and I, and several old orderlies and maids. You might think that we were quite bored in such a remote place. Nothing happened! Time rolled by for us as quickly as for all Orthodox Christians. Habit, my child, adorns every life, unless the constant thought comes into one’s head that it's good where we are not, as the proverb says. Moreover, boredom is mostly attached to idle people; and my father and I rarely sat with our hands crossed. He or learned my dear soldiers (it is clear that the soldier’s science takes a lifetime to learn!), or read holy books, although, to tell the truth, this happened quite rarely, because the deceased light (God grant him the kingdom of heaven) was taught in the old way, and he himself used to say jokingly that he was not given a diploma, like infantry service to a Turk. But he was a great master - and he looked after everything in the field with his own eye, so that in the summer he spent whole days in the meadows and arable fields. I must tell you, my child, that both we and the other inhabitants of the fortress sowed grain and cut hay - not much, not like your father’s peasants, but as much as we needed for household use. You can judge the danger in which we lived then by the fact that our farmers worked in the field only under the cover of a significant convoy, which was supposed to protect them from attacks by the Kyrgyz, who were constantly prowling around the line like hungry wolves. That is why my father’s presence during field work was necessary not only for its success, but also for the safety of the workers. You see, my child, that my father had plenty to do. As for me, I didn’t kill time in vain. Without boasting, I will say that, despite my youth, I was a real mistress of the house, I was in charge in the kitchen and in the cellar, and sometimes, in the absence of the priest, in the yard itself. I sewed the dress for myself (we’ve never even heard of fashion stores here); and besides that, she found time to mend her father’s caftans, because the company tailor Trofimov was beginning to see poorly in his old age, so one day (it was funny, really) he put a patch, past the hole, in the whole place. Having managed to send my household affairs in this way, I never missed an opportunity to visit God's temple, unless our father Blasius (God forgive him) is not too lazy to celebrate the Divine Liturgy. However, my child, you are mistaken if you think that my father and I lived alone within four walls, not knowing anyone and not accepting good people. True, we were rarely able to visit; but the priest was a great hospitable man, and does a hospitable man ever have no guests? Every almost evening they gathered in our reception room: the old lieutenant, the Cossack foreman, Father Vlasiy and some other inhabitants of the fortress - I don’t remember them all. They all loved to sip cherries and home-made beer, and loved to talk and argue. Their conversations, of course, were not arranged according to book writing, but at random: it happened that whoever came into his head would talk about it, because the people were all so simple... But one must say only good things about the dead, and ours old interlocutors have been resting in the cemetery for a long, long time.

In this article we will describe the work of A.S. Chapter by chapter retelling of this short novel, published in 1836, is brought to your attention.

1. Sergeant of the Guard

The first chapter begins with the biography of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. The father of this hero served, after which he retired. There were 9 children in the Grinev family, but eight of them died in infancy, and Peter was left alone. His father registered him even before his birth as Pyotr Andreevich and was on vacation until he came of age. Uncle Savelich serves as the boy's teacher. He supervises the development of Russian literacy by the Petrushas.

After some time, the Frenchman Beaupre was discharged to Peter. He taught him German, French, and various sciences. But Beaupre did not raise the child, but only drank and walked. The boy's father soon discovered this and drove the teacher away. At the age of 17, Peter was sent to serve, but not to the place where he had hoped to go. He goes to Orenburg instead of St. Petersburg. This decision determined the future fate of Peter, the hero of the work "The Captain's Daughter."

Chapter 1 describes the parting words of a father to his son. He tells him that it is necessary to take care of honor from a young age. Petya, having arrived in Simbirsk, meets Zurin, the captain, in a tavern, who taught him to play billiards, and also got him drunk and won 100 rubles from him. It was as if Grinev had broken free for the first time. He behaves like a boy. Zurin demands the allotted winnings in the morning. Pyotr Andreevich, in order to show his character, forces Savelich, who protests this, to give out money. After which, feeling pangs of conscience, Grinev leaves Simbirsk. This is how Chapter 1 ends in the work “The Captain’s Daughter”. Let us describe further events that happened to Pyotr Andreevich.

2. Counselor

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin tells us about the further fate of this hero of the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 2 of the novel is called "Counselor". In it we meet Pugachev for the first time.

On the way, Grinev asks Savelich to forgive him for his stupid behavior. Suddenly a snowstorm begins on the road, Peter and his servant lose their way. They meet a man who offers to take them to the inn. Grinev, riding in a cab, has a dream.

Grinev's dream is an important episode of the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 2 describes it in detail. In it, Peter arrives at his estate and discovers that his father is dying. He approaches him to take the last blessing, but instead of his father he sees an unknown man with a black beard. Grinev is surprised, but his mother convinces him that this is his imprisoned father. A black-bearded man jumps up waving an ax, dead bodies fill the entire room. At the same time, the man smiles at Pyotr Andreevich and also offers him a blessing.

Grinev, already standing, examines his guide and notices that he is the same man from the dream. He is a forty-year-old man of average height, thin and broad-shouldered. There is already a noticeable streak of gray in his black beard. The man’s eyes are alive, and one can feel the sharpness and subtlety of his mind in them. The counselor's face has a rather pleasant expression. It's picaresque. His hair is cut into a circle, and this man is dressed in Tatar trousers and an old Armenian coat.

The counselor talks with the owner in “allegorical language.” Pyotr Andreevich thanks his companion, gives him a hare sheepskin coat, and pours a glass of wine.

An old friend of Grinev’s father, Andrei Karlovich R., sends Peter from Orenburg to serve in the Belogorsk fortress located 40 miles from the city. This is where the novel "The Captain's Daughter" continues. The chapter-by-chapter retelling of further events occurring in it is as follows.

3. Fortress

This fortress resembles a village. Vasilisa Egorovna, a reasonable and kind woman, the wife of the commandant, is in charge of everything here. The next morning Grinev meets Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer. This man is short, extremely ugly, dark-skinned, very lively. He is one of the main characters in the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 3 is the place in the novel where this character first appears to the reader.

Because of the duel, Shvabrin was transferred to this fortress. He tells Pyotr Andreevich about life here, about the commandant’s family, while speaking unflatteringly about his daughter, Masha Mironova. Detailed description You will find this conversation in the work "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 3). The commandant invites Grinev and Shvabrin to a family dinner. On the way, Peter sees a “training” going on: a platoon of disabled people is led by Ivan Kuzmich Mironov. He is wearing a “Chinese robe” and a cap.

4. Duel

Chapter 4 occupies an important place in the composition of the work "The Captain's Daughter". It says the following.

Grinev really likes the commandant's family. Pyotr Andreevich becomes an officer. He communicates with Shvabrin, but this communication brings the hero less and less pleasure. Grinev especially does not like Alexei Ivanovich’s caustic remarks about Masha. Peter writes mediocre poems and dedicates them to this girl. Shvabrin speaks sharply about them, while insulting Masha. Grinev accuses him of lying, Alexey Ivanovich challenges Peter to a duel. Vasilisa Egorovna, having learned about this, orders the arrest of the duelists. Broadsword, the yard girl, deprives them of their swords. After some time, Pyotr Andreevich learns that Shvabrin was wooing Masha, but was refused by the girl. He understands now why Alexey Ivanovich slandered Masha. A duel is scheduled again, in which Pyotr Andreevich is wounded.

5. Love

Masha and Savelich are caring for the wounded man. Pyotr Grinev proposes to a girl. He sends a letter to his parents asking for blessings. Shvabrin visits Pyotr Andreevich and admits his guilt before him. Grinev’s father does not give him a blessing, he already knows about the duel that took place, and it was not Savelich who told him about it. Pyotr Andreevich believes that Alexey Ivanovich did this. The captain's daughter does not want to get married without her parents' consent. Chapter 5 tells about this decision of hers. We will not describe in detail the conversation between Peter and Masha. Let's just say that the captain's daughter decided to avoid Grinev in the future. The chapter-by-chapter retelling continues with the following events. Pyotr Andreevich stops visiting the Mironovs and loses heart.

6. Pugachevshchina

The commandant receives a notification that a bandit gang led by Emelyan Pugachev is operating in the surrounding area. attacks fortresses. Pugachev soon reached the Belogorsk fortress. He calls on the commandant to surrender. Ivan Kuzmich decides to send his daughter out of the fortress. The girl says goodbye to Grinev. However, her mother refuses to leave.

7. Attack

The attack on the fortress continues with the work "The Captain's Daughter". The chapter-by-chapter retelling of further events is as follows. At night, the Cossacks leave the fortress. They go over to the side of Emelyan Pugachev. The gang attacks him. Mironov, with a few defenders, is trying to defend himself, but the forces of the two sides are unequal. The person who has captured the fortress organizes a so-called trial. The commandant, as well as his comrades, are executed on the gallows. When it’s Grinev’s turn, Savelich begs Emelyan, throwing himself at his feet, to spare Pyotr Andreevich, and offers him a ransom. Pugachev agrees. Residents of the city and soldiers swear an oath to Emelyan. They kill Vasilisa Yegorovna, bringing her naked onto the porch, as well as her husband. Pyotr Andreevich leaves the fortress.

8. Uninvited Guest

Grinev is very worried about how the captain’s daughter lives in the Belogorsk fortress.

The chapter-by-chapter content of further events in the novel describes the subsequent fate of this heroine. A girl is hiding near the priest, who tells Pyotr Andreevich that Shvabrin is on Pugachev’s side. Grinev learns from Savelich that Pugachev is accompanying them on the road to Orenburg. Emelyan calls Grinev to come to him, he comes. Pyotr Andreevich draws attention to the fact that everyone behaves like comrades with each other in Pugachev’s camp, and does not show preference to the leader.

Everyone boasts, expresses doubts, challenges Pugachev. His people sing a song about the gallows. Emelyan's guests leave. Grinev tells him in private that he does not consider him a king. He replies that good luck will be for the daring, because Grishka Otrepiev once ruled. Emelyan releases Pyotr Andreevich to Orenburg despite the fact that he promises to fight against him.

9. Separation

Emelyan gives Peter the order to tell the governor of this city that the Pugachevites will soon arrive there. Pugachev, leaving, leaves Shvabrin as commandant. Savelich writes a list of Pyotr Andreevich’s plundered goods and sends it to Emelyan, but he, in a “fit of generosity,” does not punish the daring Savelich. He even gives Grinev a fur coat from his shoulder and gives him a horse. Meanwhile, Masha is sick in the fortress.

10. Siege of the city

Peter goes to Orenburg, to see Andrei Karlovich, the general. Military people are absent from the military council. There are only officials here. It is more prudent, in their opinion, to remain behind a reliable stone wall than to try their luck in an open field. Officials offer to put a high price on Pugachev’s head and bribe Emelyan’s people. A police officer from the fortress brings a letter from Masha to Pyotr Andreevich. She reports that Shvabrin is forcing her to become his wife. Grinev asks the general to help, to provide him with people in order to clear the fortress. However, he refuses.

11. Rebel settlement

Grinev and Savelich rush to help the girl. Pugachev's people stop them on the way and lead them to the leader. He interrogates Pyotr Andreevich about his intentions in the presence of his confidants. Pugachev's people are a hunched, frail old man with a blue ribbon worn over his shoulder over a gray overcoat, as well as a tall, portly and broad-shouldered man of about forty-five. Grinev tells Emelyan that he came to save an orphan from Shvabrin’s claims. The Pugachevists propose to simply solve the problem with both Grinev and Shvabrin - hang them both. However, Pugachev clearly likes Peter, and he promises to marry him to a girl. Pyotr Andreevich goes to the fortress in the morning in Pugachev’s tent. He, in a confidential conversation, tells him that he would like to go to Moscow, but his comrades are robbers and thieves who will betray the leader at the first failure, saving their own necks. Emelyan tells a Kalmyk fairy tale about a raven and an eagle. The raven lived for 300 years, but at the same time pecked carrion. But the eagle chose to starve rather than eat the carrion. It’s better to drink living blood one day, Emelyan believes.

12. Orphan

Pugachev learns in the fortress that the girl is being bullied by the new commandant. Shvabrin starves her. Emelyan frees Masha and wants to marry her right away with Grinev. When Shvabrin says that this is Mironov’s daughter, Emelyan Pugachev decides to let Grinev and Masha go.

13. Arrest

On the way out of the fortress, soldiers take Grinev under arrest. They mistake Pyotr Andreevich for a Pugachevo man and take him to the boss. It turns out to be Zurin, who advises Pyotr Andreevich to send Savelich and Masha to their parents, and for Grinev himself to continue the battle. He follows this advice. Pugachev’s army was defeated, but he himself was not caught; he managed to gather new troops in Siberia. Emelyan is being pursued. Zurin is ordered to take Grinev under arrest and send him under guard to Kazan, putting him under investigation in the Pugachev case.

14. Court

Pyotr Andreevich is suspected of serving Pugachev. Shvabrin played an important role in this. Peter is sentenced to exile in Siberia. Masha lives with Peter's parents. They became very attached to her. The girl goes to St. Petersburg, to Tsarskoe Selo. Here she meets the empress in the garden and asks to have mercy on Peter. He talks about how he ended up with Pugachev because of her, the captain’s daughter. Briefly chapter by chapter, the novel we described ends as follows. Grinev is released. He is present at the execution of Emelyan, who nods his head, recognizing him.

The genre of historical novel is the work "The Captain's Daughter". The chapter-by-chapter retelling does not describe all the events; we have mentioned only the main ones. Pushkin's novel is very interesting. After reading the original work "The Captain's Daughter" chapter by chapter, you will understand the psychology of the characters, and also learn some details that we have omitted.