Once Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov (1900 - 1964) came with colleagues to Leningrad. At the station, he asked a taxi driver to take them to the Academy. It meant, of course, the Leningrad branch of the Academy of Sciences. The taxi stopped in front of… the spiritual academy. The driver obviously thought: where else can such a handsome man with a gray beard and old-fashioned manners go? Nothing but a priest.
Sergei Ozhegov really had priests in his family: his mother was the great-niece of Archpriest Gerasim Petrovich Pavsky, the author of the book Philological Observations on the Composition of the Russian Language. And he himself had a deep respect for Orthodoxy. In his famous Dictionary Russian language” Ozhegov included many words that describe the phenomena of church culture, for which many colleagues took up arms against him.

However, Ozhegov generally had to listen to a lot of criticism. After all, he happened to compile the first popular one-volume explanatory dictionary in Russia - a real “ business card» Russian vocabulary. And opinions about what words should be included there varied greatly.

In an obituary to Ozhegov, Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky wrote: “Experiencing the strongest pressure both from the defenders of stamped, clogged speech, and from the stubborn retrograde purists, Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov did not yield to anyone. And this is quite natural, because the main feature of his charming personality is wise poise, calm, bright faith in science and in the Russian people, who will sweep aside everything false, superficial, ugly from their language.

Sergei Ozhegov worked hard to ensure that people pronounce words correctly: he edited the reference books Russian Literary Pronunciation and Stress (1955), Correctness of Russian Speech (1962), and advised radio announcers. Meanwhile, his own surname was often mispronounced ("Burn"), thinking that it comes from the word "burn". In fact, it is formed from the word “burn” (with an emphasis on the first syllable) - this is how the Urals called a stick that was dipped into molten metal to find out if it could be poured.

1. "Dictionary corpses"

The scientist Fedot Filin, when Ozhegov was preparing his dictionary for publication in 1950, wrote him a critical letter, in which he met this vivid and not at all scientific expression: "dictionary corpses."

2. "Depraved meaning"

Ozhegov participated in the compilation of the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by D.N. Ushakov: he is the author of a third of the entries in this dictionary. The dictionary was being prepared in the second half of the 1930s, and, of course, it went through censorship, which found fault with the word "lover", supposedly having a "perverse meaning". This nitpicking may seem especially comical to someone who knows the history of the Russian language and is familiar with the poetry of the 19th century, where this word simply means a loving girl and does not mean anything more. But in any case, during the time of Ozhegov, the word had already acquired a modern meaning, and the captious censor insisted that there was no such phenomenon - and the word - in the Soviet Union. References to literature did not convince the inspector. Then Ozhegov showed humor and cunning: he knew that, coming from Leningrad to Moscow, the censor stops at one woman. "Who is this lady to you?" Sergei Ivanovich asked him. Here the censor had to make concessions, leaving the insidious word in the dictionary.

3. Dictionary under the bombs

Ozhegov worked on his "Dictionary of the Russian Language", as well as on the "Dictionary for the plays of A.N. Ostrovsky" during the Second World War. After the first bombings of Moscow in 1941, he sent his family to Tashkent and joined the militia himself. But it turned out that he, as a prominent scientist, was "booked" - and he could not get to the front. Then Sergei Ivanovich became director of the Institute of Language and Writing of the USSR Academy of Sciences and remained in this post until the return of the former leadership from the evacuation. His faith that the Germans would not be able to take Moscow was unshakable. So he spent the war: in Moscow, at his old table, in the light of a kerosene lamp, under the roar of bombing, working on compiling dictionaries. Let us add that the "Dictionary for the plays of A. N. Ostrovsky" was later banned and its entire set was scattered. A reprint edition of the surviving prints appeared only in 1993 - almost 30 years after the death of the author.

4. Yezhov and intelligence

The word "intelligence" is also not neutral for the Soviet era. Therefore, the author of the dictionary had to make a compromise: the dictionary, one of the principles of which was brevity and conciseness, contained a huge quote that in capitalist countries the state security organs are hated by the working masses, and in the USSR, on the contrary, they are respected and loved by the people. The quote was taken from the speech of N.I. Yezhov - People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. However, at the last moment, Ozhegov suddenly removed his last name, that is, he actually violated the copyright of the people's commissar. After that, he received a call to the Lubyanka. And there ... they suddenly began to find out from the scientist how he knew that People's Commissar Yezhov was removed at the same time - after all, they had not even had time to report this in the newspapers!

5. Leninist is not lazy

In Ozhegov's dictionary there are no words-names of city dwellers. You won't find the word "Minsk citizen", "Permyak" or "Irkutsk citizen" there, but the word "Leningrader" is there - at least in the second edition of the 1952 dictionary. This word is also a product of the special logic of Soviet censorship, which did not like the fact that the words "lazy" and "Leninist" turned out to be neighbors. Of course, the matter did not come to changing the alphabet, so it was decided to separate the incompatible neighbors with the word "Leningrader". Still, because some Leningraders are truly lazy!

6. Enlightened prisoner

They say that Ozhegov's dictionary saved at least one person - or rather, helped him get out of prison. The young man was imprisoned for rape, and his term under this article was the maximum. In his free time, he borrowed the fourth edition of the dictionary (1960), which had just arrived there, from the prison library and looked up the meaning of the word "rape." The prisoner then sent a letter to the prison authorities. The letter explained that in his case no violence was committed: everything happened by mutual agreement, and the girl simply took revenge on him for refusing to marry her. Surprisingly, the young man achieved a review of the case and was released.

On the initiative of Ozhegov, in 1958, the Institute of the Russian Language was created Help Desk of the Russian language - a free consultation on issues related to the correctness of Russian speech.

During the life of Ozhegov, 6 editions of his dictionary were published: the second and fourth editions were revised, the rest were stereotyped. In March 1964, already being seriously ill, he wrote an official appeal to the publishing house " Soviet Encyclopedia” that he finds it inappropriate to publish the dictionary in a stereotypical way. We need to prepare a new edition: include new vocabulary, revise the definitions of some words, etc. The plans were not destined to come true: on December 15, 1964, Ozhegov died due to a medical error.

Since 1972, the dictionary began to be published under the editorship of the student S.I. Ozhegova Natalia Yulievna Shvedova. From edition to edition, the vocabulary increased and reached 80 thousand words. Since 1992, both names have appeared on the cover. Both Ozhegov's heirs, to whom the publishing house did not pay them a fee (they have the right to do so until 2014), and some linguists were outraged - due to the fact that the dictionary violated the principle of brevity and compactness formulated by Ozhegov, included archaisms and even explicitly profanity. For example, it has one very popular word with the letter "g", which rhymes with the word "for a long time", a word with the letter "g", which rhymes with the word "Europe". In 2003, the "canonical" fourth edition of the 1960 dictionary (with minor updates) was published under the editorship of L. I. Skvortsov.

A dictionary of the Russian language should be in every home. This does not indicate high level illiteracy of our people, but is a kind of way to honor the work of our great compatriots. The first message about Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary appeared after October revolution, which means that it will soon celebrate its centenary. A lot of time has passed since then, and over the years Ozhegov's dictionary, in collaboration with Shvedova, has been repeatedly reprinted. To date, the total circulation of all publications is about 3.5 million books. This speaks of his immense popularity.

With development information technologies introduce yourself or your children to learning the rules mother tongue became much easier. Now the need to buy bulky and expensive books has disappeared by itself. Everything we need can be found on the Internet. For example, orthographic dictionary Russian language Ozhegov online viewing of which is available on our website. This is one of the most extensive books of its kind.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Ozhegov online contains information about 80,000 words and expressions, giving an explanation to each of them. In it you will find detailed description and interpretation of words, and you will understand when it is appropriate to use them, and when it is better to remain silent. After all, after listening to others on the street, and sometimes from television screens, one gets the impression of an incomplete education and verbal failure of the speaker.

The online explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov and Shvedova, available on our website, is popular. Every day hundreds or even thousands of visitors resort to its help, finding answers to their questions. If common man only curiosity can make you look into it, then journalistic practice requires correct Russian speech and understanding of what was said. Also, Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary online will undoubtedly be useful to those working in the field of copyright. This profession requires the speaker to be able to correctly formulate and present an idea, because the written texts undergo a rigorous check for uniqueness. In other words, the vocabulary of a copywriter must constantly grow, which will undoubtedly contribute to a competent narrative.

We continue the great work that began almost a hundred years ago, and give everyone the opportunity to use this book absolutely free of charge, because the Ozhegov Dictionary of the Russian Language not only does not lose popularity, but, on the contrary, is gaining it every day. Work on its improvement of the creation of Ozhegov and Shvedova continues to this day, and who knows, maybe our grandchildren will see new reprints, supplemented with hitherto unknown words and phrases.

This dictionary is a corrected and supplemented edition of the classic "Dictionary of the Russian Language" by S.I. Ozhegov. The new edition of the Dictionary includes about 100,000 words, scientific terms, dialectisms and archaisms, stable phraseological combinations; while maintaining the overall structure and nature of the presentation of the material. New words and expressions reflect not only the changes in the socio-political, scientific and cultural life of Russia over the past 40-50 years, but also the actual linguistic processes of our time. The dictionary contains vocabulary that is actively used in various fields Russian language. The dictionary entry includes the interpretation of the word, examples of its use in speech, reveals its phraseological and word-formation possibilities; stress is indicated and difficult cases, pronunciation, stylistic characteristics are given. Dictionary entries, which in the previous edition were given in a special appendix, and new additions are distributed in the general text and highlighted with a special printing mark. The dictionary is intended for the widest range of readers.

Edited by Doctor of Philology Professor L. I. Skvortsov.

26th edition, revised and enlarged.

The work belongs to the genre Educational, methodical literature and dictionaries. It was published in 2010 by Onyx Publishing. The book is included in the series "Dictionaries and reference books on the Russian language". On our site you can download the book "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" for free in epub, fb2, pdf, txt format or read online. The rating of the book is 4.27 out of 5. Here, before reading, you can also refer to the reviews of readers who are already familiar with the book and find out their opinion. In the online store of our partner you can buy and read the book in paper form.

DICTIONARY, -i, m. 1. Collection of words (usually in alphabetical order), set expressions with explanations, interpretations or translation into another language. Explanatory with. Encyclopedic s. Phraseological s. Bilingual with. Terminological s. Dictionaries of synonyms, homonyms, antonyms. C. morphemes (interpreting significant parts of words). 2. unit Aggregate some words. language, as well as words used in any. one work, in the works of some writer or generally used by someone. The richness of the Russian dictionary. Poetic s. Pushkin. He speaks English with difficulty: his s. very poor. || reduce dictionary, -a, m. (to 1 value). || adj. vocabulary, -th, -th. Dictionary entry (chapter of the dictionary, dedicated to a single word or phraseological unit, rendered in its title). C. stock.

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