The Turkish fortress, built 565 years ago, has survived to this day so well that it gives a complete picture of the fortification art of the Ottoman Turks in the 15th century. Having become a foothold on the European coast of the Bosphorus, Rumeli-hisar formed with the opposite fortress of Anadolu-hisar (“Fortress on the Anatolian coast”, built in 1394) a system of fortifications that controlled navigation along the Bosphorus.
Rumeli-hisar was built by order of Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror less than a year before the capture of Constantinople by the Turks: in April - August 1452. Some Muslihuddin-aga is considered to be its architect, although there is no reliable information about this. The general supervision of the construction was entrusted to the grand vizier Chandarly Khalil Pasha, and the viziers Saruja Pasha and Zaganos Mehmed Pasha were entrusted with the main towers. It is noteworthy that on May 30, 1453, that is, after the capture of Constantinople, the latter himself became the Grand Vizier. All this speaks of the importance that the Sultan attached to the fortress under construction. Yes, and the Sultan himself was keenly interested in this object, because he understood that the success of the assault on the capital of the Byzantine Empire planned for the next year could depend on it.
The fortress includes walls 5–15 m high and 5 passing towers reaching a height of 33 m, as well as 15 small towers that strengthened the walls. The thickness of the walls reaches 9 m. The area of the fortress is three hectares, which made it possible to concentrate in it the forces necessary for the operational transfer to cover or reinforce assault detachments from land.
At first, the fortress was called “Boğazkesen”, which can be translated both as “Cutting the Strait” and “Cutting the Throat”.
Today, Rumeli Hisar is a wonderful open-air museum with an observation deck that offers a magnificent view of the Bosphorus and its opposite (Asian) coast. On the territory of the fortress, you can also get acquainted with samples of Turkish artillery pieces of the 17th-19th centuries, which undoubtedly have historical and artistic value.
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Chapter 5
“He drew his sword in the presence of the king…”
Because of this incident, the Danish envoy Just Yul almost left Russia.
The name of Just Yul, the Danish envoy to the court of Peter the Great, occupies a special place in the history of St. Petersburg. His "Notes" about his stay in the Russian capital in 1709-1710 are truly priceless. We won't find this anywhere else. detailed description Russian life of the Petrine era, the personality of the tsar, his entourage.
"Notes" by Yust Yul were not intended for publication. The author admitted that he fixed all sides Russian life- both good and not so good. “If I ever decided to publish my diary,” Yust Yul noted, “I would turn off from it those places in which the king and his subjects are drawn in unattractive colors.” True, this was completely unnecessary: the colorful figure of the Tsar of Muscovy so captivated Europe that even his most negative traits in the eyes of Europeans overgrown with legends ...
The first Russian city that Yust Yul came to was Narva. With great difficulty, bypassing the Swedish sea patrol, the envoy of the Danish king Frederick IV landed on the Russian coast.
As soon as the envoy introduced himself to the king, Peter inquired whether he had served in the navy. Hearing an affirmative answer, the monarch invited Just Jul to sit next to him and began to speak to him in Dutch. “The king immediately entered into such a friendly conversation with me,” notes the Dane, “that it seemed that he was my equal and had known me for many years.” Just Yul notes with surprise that under the king there was neither a chancellor nor a privy councilor, as befits a monarch, but only a retinue of 8-10 people. The envoy was also surprised that Peter did not carry any travel accessories with him - “on what to eat, what to drink and what to sleep on. It was with him, - continues the diplomat, - only a few boyars and princes, whom he kept as jesters. They yelled, shouted, blew, whistled, sang and smoked in the very room where the king was.” According to Just Yul, the monarch talked now with him, then with some officers, completely ignoring these jesters, although the latter "often addressed him directly and shouted directly into his ears."
Narva. German engraving. 1710
Despite the rather fussy environment, the Dane painted a living portrait of the Russian Tsar. “The king is very tall,” writes Yust Yul, “he wears his own short brown hair and rather large mustaches, is simple in dress and external receptions, but very insightful and smart.” The envoy noted that the king was wearing a sword taken from the Swedish general Reinshild on the day of the Battle of Poltava.
From Narva, Yust Yul went to St. Petersburg, where, not reaching the city for 15 versts, he, along with sledges and horses, fell into the wormwood. To the chagrin of the diplomat, not only all his belongings turned out to be wet, but also the royal credentials, which announced his appointment as envoy. Before coming to the king, Just Yul wanted to dry his precious papers, but Peter said that he would accept the envoy even without credentials - if only he would come to the palace as soon as possible.
Peter I. Engraving by D. Galakhovsky. 1709
From that day on, Just Yul plunged into the peculiarities of St. Petersburg palace life. He keeps a daily diary, where he describes in detail everything he sees in the Russian capital: fireworks, receptions at Prince Menshikov, royal trips on a boat, the launching of ships ... Just Yuly had to witness the destruction of Nyenschantz - a rampart, which by the end of 1709 still remained from the Swedish fortress. Probably, seeing off this memorable year for Russia, Peter wanted to get rid of Nienschanz as the personification of Swedish rule on the banks of the Neva. According to Yust Jule, the rampart was lined with boxes containing 1,000 pounds of gunpowder. The explosion was so strong that in the center of St. Petersburg - 5 miles from Nyenschantz - the windows trembled. Under the envoy himself and the people who were near the site of the explosion, the earth shook, and ice cracked on the Neva.
As a true diplomat, Just Yul had to be constantly aware of all political events taking place at the Russian court. Therefore, he often had to appear uninvited to various receptions. Only there did he manage to “talk” with Peter I, “because in Russia feasts and dinners,” the envoy notes, “are the most convenient occasions for settling matters: here, over a glass of wine, all issues are discussed and resolved.”
Just Yul himself was immune to strong drinks and suffered greatly from this. He even petitioned the tsar not to force him to drink a lot, referring to the fact that his own “behavior in hops inspires him (Just Yul. – A. E.) apprehension. But the king only laughed at it. Then the diplomat fell on his knees in front of the king, begging Peter to at least reduce the exorbitant “norm” for him to a liter of Hungarian wine ... Then something happened that the envoy could not even imagine. “The king immediately fell to his knees,” recalls Just Yul, “saying that he could stand just as well and for as long as I did. After that, neither of us wanted to be the first to rise, and, kneeling before each other, we drank six or seven large glasses of wine; then I got to my feet half drunk. The final decision on my request did not follow.
In June 1710, Just Yul participated in a sea expedition to Vyborg: the tsar wanted to see for himself how ready the Russian army was to storm the Swedish fortress. Near the Vyborg coast, the biggest trouble in the diplomatic career of Yust Yul occurred, because of which he almost left Russia ...
On the occasion of the upcoming assault on the fortress, the whole Russian generals. As the Dane writes, "there has never been such a great and healthy binge and drunkenness as here." Just Yul tried twice to leave the ship, but when he was in the boat, the king descended into it and took the envoy back to the cabin. Peter even ordered the watch at the gangway so that not a single boat would leave the ship.
During another attempt to escape, Just Yul was caught on deck by two officers. When the latter wanted to take the envoy into the company of the king and began rather roughly to tear him away from the railing, the Dane, defending his diplomatic immunity, drew his sword from the scabbard ... only] wanted to scare them. At that moment,” he continues, “the king came up to me, too drunk, like me, and in rude terms threatened to complain about me to my all-merciful king for drawing my sword in his presence.”
After this incident, the sword was taken away from the Danish envoy and sent to another ship - an unheard of case in the history of Russian diplomacy!
In the morning, Just Yul sent his apologies to Peter and soon received an invitation to appear on the flagship. The king warmly received the envoy and assured him that since he himself was tipsy yesterday, he does not remember anything and knows about what happened only from others. Peter added that he forgives Yust Yulya from the bottom of his heart, but he himself asks for his forgiveness if he is guilty of anything before him.
Thanks to Peter's quick wit, this incident had no effect on the future career of a diplomat. The tsar, as before, remained disposed towards Just Yul and, parting with him after the end of his mission in Russia, presented the envoy with his portrait, decorated with a diamond crown.
Alas, the fate of the diplomat was tragic. After returning from St. Petersburg, Frederick IV awarded Yust Julius the rank of vice admiral and appointed him commander-in-chief of the naval forces of Denmark. In 1715, while fighting the Swedes, Just Juhl was mortally wounded aboard his flagship. The merits of the warrior and diplomat were highly appreciated by his homeland: Just Yul rests in the Roskilda Cathedral - the ancient tomb of the Danish kings. The cannonball that hit the vice admiral still lies at his tombstone. On the wall is an epitaph in gold in Danish. Among the numerous merits of the great son of Denmark, the “Russian stage” in the life of Just Jule is also mentioned: “In 1709-1711 he was sent to Russia and left a diary of his stay [in it].”
Chapter 6Testament of Peter from the Prut banks
Historians still argue about the authenticity of this document, written in a Turkish environment.
The Prut campaign of Peter the Great against Turkey, which took place in 1711, is one of the darkest pages in Russian history. The Russian army, which was in fact commanded by the tsar himself, was surrounded by a Turkish army many times superior to it. In these troubled days, Russia could lose one of its greatest sovereigns, and the fate of the country itself hung in the balance. But how did the Russian army get carried into distant Moldavian lands, on the banks of the Prut River??
Peter had several reasons for the Russian-Turkish war. Firstly, the tsar urgently demanded that the Turks expel the Swedish king Charles XII, who had fled to them after Poltava. Secondly, Charles himself repeatedly incited Turkey to war with Russia. The “Last Varangian” inspired the Grand Vizier that after the victory over Sweden, Russia would “rush” to Turkey. It is not surprising that on the eve of 1711, the Turkish authorities decided to get ahead of the “Muscovites” and, in fact, presented Peter I with an ultimatum, which contained a demand for the surrender of the Azov fortress captured earlier by the Russians. Here, one more condition was prescribed, which was supposed to bring the Russian tsar into the most gloomy mood: the Turks demanded the return of all of Livonia Charles XII, and "Petersburg to ruin and tear to the ground" (!).
Peter began to prepare for war. In search of allies, he even drew up a special letter addressed to all Christian peoples subject to Turkey. “The Turks trampled on our faith,” the letter said, “by cunning they took possession of our churches and lands ... how many they enslave and turkish ... I’m going to help you.”
"Camp of Muscovites", blocked by the Turkish army at the river. Rod. German engraving from 1711
Turkish military leaders hold a council under the Prut. Engraving from English edition 1723
As the Moldavian hetman Iona Neculce testifies, one of the main mistakes Peter made was relying on the promises of the Balkan allies: Poles, Wallachians, Moldavians and Serbs - to provide their military forces. “Having thus entrusted themselves to these allies,” writes Nekulche, “they (i.e., the Russians) left in Russia the best troops and hurt the success of their weapons."
Before crossing the Dniester, Peter I convened an extensive military council to plan further actions. Here opinions are divided. The German generals who were in the service of the tsar offered to stay on the banks of the Dniester, since, firstly, the army needed rest, and, secondly, the intentions of the Turkish army were still unknown. Having entered the sparsely populated Moldavia, they believed, the king's army would face a lack of food ...
However, Peter agreed with the opinion of the Russian generals, who advocated an early advance into the depths of Moldova and a meeting with the enemy. Later, the Frenchman Moreau, a participant in the Prut campaign, wrote that "he who brought His Royal Majesty into this [disastrous] position must have been the greatest madman of the whole world."
On June 20, 1711, Peter's army crossed the Dniester and entered the Moldavian possessions. It was so hot that the Russian troops, already exhausted by the long, fast march, could not move through the sultry steppes of Bessarabia during the day and set out only after sunset. According to Moreau, as soon as the Russians reached the Prut, the tsar sent people with water barrels on his own carts. There were few vessels, and in order to get more water, the soldiers poured out wine and honey from them. “But this benefit did them more harm than good,” writes an eyewitness. “The soldiers rushed to drink with such greed that many died.” Petrovsky General Allart, who went to the Prut by a different route, noted that “the disasters of the [Russian] army are beyond description. Judging by the details I heard, no army has ever been in a more desperate position. While crossing the Prut, the Russians suffered their first losses. Wanting to amuse the king, one of the jesters of Peter I let his horse swim, and he himself got on the saddle, began to dance, slipped, fell into the river and drowned. This was considered a bad omen.
A messenger hero who arrived from the Prut with a secret letter to the Senate. German engraving from 1805
In Iasi, the capital of Moldavia, Peter's army received a respite. The tsar surprised the Moldavian boyars with his inquisitive and arrogant behavior. According to Nekulce, Peter was tall, with a round, somewhat swarthy face, which displayed greatness. “He differed from other monarchs in his hatred of splendor and luxury,” the hetman writes about Peter, “his attire was extremely simple. He did not surround himself with a numerous retinue; two or three officers were with him to give orders.
Leaving Iasi, Peter's army followed the right bank of the Prut towards the Turkish army. The Russians were walking on barren land, devastated shortly before by locusts. “The soldiers had enough money,” says Nekulce, “but due to lack of food, they fell into illness and died of hunger.”
On July 8, 1711, the first military clashes began. Since the Turks had a fourfold superiority in manpower, Peter was forced to refrain from offensive actions, limiting himself only to the defense of the camp. Moreau writes that the Russian army stood in a rectangle, placing its entire convoy in the center: carriages, carts, carriages and horses. Here were the wives of officers and their children. On the outside of the square, in order to protect the camp from the Turkish cavalry, they put up special pointed slingshots.
General Poniatowski, who fought on the side of the Turks, wrote that “the Janissaries continued to advance [on the Russians] without waiting for orders. Emitting wild cries and calling, according to their custom, to God with repeated cries of “Alla”, “Alla”, they rushed at the enemy with sabers in their hands. According to eyewitnesses, very soon the upper parts of the slingshots were shot down by saber blows, and the Russians expected that the Turks were about to break into the camp. On July 10, the situation for the Russian army became critical. Peter I later wrote that the enemy’s shooting “multiplied” hour by hour. To remain in the camp meant to die under bullets or from starvation, since the "fodder" was all gone. “... But it came before that,” the king concludes: “either win or die.”
Catherine I advises Peter to conclude a peace treaty with the Turks. French engraving from 1814
It was probably at this time that Peter wrote his strange testamentary letter addressed to the Senate, the authenticity of which has been debated by scholars for the past two centuries. It was first published on German in 1785 in Leipzig, in the book of Yakov Shtelin "True stories about Peter the Great". In my opinion, this letter is the most mysterious document in all of Russian history.
“I hereby inform you that I, with all my army ... four times the strongest Turkish force, are so surrounded,” the “letter from the Prut” reported, “that all ways to receive provisions have been cut off, and without God’s special help I can’t imagine anything else, except complete defeat, or that I will fall into Turkish captivity. If this latter happens, then you should not consider me your king and sovereign and do nothing that I, even by my own command, was required of you, until I myself appear among you in my person. But if I die and you receive reliable news of my death, then choose among yourselves the most worthy of my heirs.
Before this text, Yakov Shtelin posted a comment where he said that the tsar entrusted his secret message to a certain officer who knew all the roads in Moldova. The officer managed to get through the Turkish encirclement and on the 9th day arrived with a letter in St. Petersburg. (The latter is undoubtedly a mistake, since in 1711 the Senate was in Moscow). IN late XVIII century, this unique document was discovered by the historian Mikhail Shcherbatov, who was sorting through papers in the Cabinet of Peter the Great. It is known that Shcherbatov showed "many distinguished people" the original of this letter, but then the relic strangely disappeared. Perhaps this document seemed dangerous to someone: after all, it shook the foundations of succession to the throne.
... The end of the Prut campaign is also covered with legends. According to one of them, it was the tsar’s wife, Catherine I, who insisted on a peace agreement with the Turks, and the monarchess bribed the grand vizier herself with rich gifts, giving him all her jewelry.
The Treaty of Prut cost Russia dearly, which was forced to hand over the fortress of Azov to Turkey. But in general, Peter believed that the loss of Azov was nothing compared to what could happen to Russia if the vizier had rejected the offer of peace. It is known that when the wife of the Polish governor congratulated the Russian tsar on his happy deliverance from danger, Peter replied that his happiness lies only in the fact that instead of a hundred blows that he could have received under the Prut, he was given only fifty ...
Chapter 7How Peter I transferred the capital
The tsar was dissuaded from building Petersburg.
The last years are like one anniversary for the Petrine era. It seems that just recently we celebrated the 300th anniversary of the Poltava battle (1709); celebrated - though not very widely - 300 years of the Prut campaign of Peter the Great (1711). By the way, 2012 was also an anniversary year: 300 years have passed since St. Petersburg first received the functions of the capital...
For Peter the Great, 1712, unlike previous military campaigns, was a rather calm time. Perhaps that is why the tsar took up a purely domestic political matter: the transfer of the Russian capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg.
Giving the capital status to the city being built on the Neva, Peter pursued two goals: firstly, he sought to reduce the influence of the old Moscow boyar elite. Secondly, the renewed Russia needed a sea outpost, which would become a kind of "gateway" for trade with European countries. In addition, the base at the mouth Gulf of Finland- practically on the shores of the Baltic - the city-fortress had in conditions Northern war special political significance.
Now it is hard to believe that at one time they tried to dissuade Peter from building St. Petersburg in the Neva delta. This unique information is contained in the dispatches of the Polish envoy Johann Lefort (1721). The latter mentions that he spoke with a certain Finnish peasant who at the beginning of the 18th century served as a "spy" for Peter the Great. “Sir,” this man told him, “you must not build a city here. Sooner or later, if not you yourself, then your heirs will repent of this. Every ten or at least twenty-five years there are such terrible floods in this place that not a single building remains intact after them ... You also intend to build a port in these places, but your ships will rot in it soon.
Lefort adds that it was precisely this reason that stopped the Swedes from planning to lay on the Neva Big City; as a result, the Scandinavians limited themselves to the Nyenschanz fortress.
However, as you know, the tsar did not heed the advice, and the city, which was to become the new Russian capital, was erected on the banks of the Neva in the shortest possible time. Did the king later regret this? Apparently, yes. In any case, his letter of the 1720s has been preserved, where Peter spoke on this matter in the most specific way: “If I had owned Revel in 1702, then I would have founded my residence of a transformed Russia not in the lowlands of the Neva, but here ...”.
There is hardly any doubt that Revel attracted Peter precisely as an ice-free Baltic port, and otherwise Petersburg had its advantages, the main of which was its exceptionally profitable geographical position. One way or another, but already in 1710, senior officials and foreign embassies were drawn to St. Petersburg from Moscow. Imperial Courtyard finally moved to the city of St. Peter a little later - in 1712. Since that time, St. Petersburg has been counting down as the new capital of Russia, although it must be admitted that not a single decree regarding the transfer of the capital from Moscow has yet been found. And were they?
It is curious that this grandiose event took place before the annexation of the Neva lands to Russia under the Nishtadt Peace Treaty of 1721. Thus, the new Russian capital was located on the territory formally belonging to another state! Peter, it seems, did not care much for the fact that the Swedish ships constantly loomed "at the gates" of St. Petersburg. On April 18, 1712, a tsar's decree followed on the resettlement of a significant number of residents from Moscow, who were ordered to "build in St. Petersburg." In the same document, Peter named specific places along the Neva where former Muscovites were to settle.
Kotlin Island and the Neva Estuary. The engraving dates from the end of the 17th century. and misnamed « View of Petersburg…» . But, judging by the image, there is no trace of St. Petersburg yet, and the fleet, apparently, is Swedish
Plan of St. Petersburg. Fragment. 1720s Yale University Library (USA)
Probably, this date is April 18, 1712, first recorded in the dispatch of the British ambassador Charles Whitworth, and can be considered the date of the transfer of capital functions to St. Petersburg. By the way, the ambassador himself was surprised at this choice of the Russian monarch, reporting in the same document that "Petersburg, in terms of climate and situation, is the most unpleasant place I have ever seen."
Option 22
Part 1
Read the text and do tasks 1-3.
(1) Giving the capital status to the city being built on the Neva, Peter I pursued two goals. (2) First: he sought to reduce the influence of the old Moscow boyar elite; the second is quite obvious: the renewed Russia needed a sea outpost, which would become a kind of "gateway" for trade with European countries. (3) founded at the mouth of the Gulf of Finland, practically on the shores of the Baltic, the city-fortress acquired special political significance under the conditions of the Northern War.
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Giving the capital status to the city being built on the Neva, Peter I sought to reduce the influence of the old Moscow boyar elite.
2) In the conditions of the Northern War, Russia needed a sea outpost, which became the city on the Neva, which was being built according to European models.
3) Being built practically on the shores of the Baltic, the city was beneficial to Peter I in the fight against the Moscow boyar elite and, in addition, had an important commercial and military-political significance.
4) The future capital being built on the Neva became a kind of "gateway" for trade with European countries.
5) Solving the problem of reducing the influence of the old Moscow boyar elite, Peter I built a city on the Neva also with the aim of enhancing trade and for military-political purposes.
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
Against,
Moreover,
To avoid this
Despite this
For example,
3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word PURSUIT. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
CHASE, - I blow, - you blow; -any; nesov.
1) someone. Follow; chase someone. for the purpose of capture, destruction. P. enemy. P. beast.
2) trans., whom (what). Relentlessly follow someone. P. stranger.
3) trans., whom (what). About thoughts, feelings, memories: do not leave alone, torment. Memories haunt him.
4) trans., whom (what) than. Submit to something. unpleasant, to annoy. P. someone. ridicule.
5) someone. Oppress, oppress, persecute. P. their political opponents.
6) what. Strive for something. (to what is called a noun) (book). P. noble tasks.
4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel was highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.
took A
divided
hugged As
litter
heretic
5. In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.
The specialist immediately sees the DIFFERENCE of a professionally made product from a fake.
Implement the proposed physical exercise needed after a deep breath.
The area under the place where the eaves are laid must be FENCED for safety reasons.
The first performance of an aspiring artist was UNSUCCESSFUL.
Commemorative coins are a fascinating and very interesting story numismatics.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
young ACCOUNTANTS
THEIR work
GO
for three hundred years
ladies' SHOES
7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS
OFFERS
A) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
1) Yermolai told me with a smile that the samovar was ready.
B) violation of the species-temporal correlation of verb forms
2) While working on the essay, a remark was made to me.
C) a violation in the construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
3) The girl enters the hall and did not pay attention to me.
D) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
4) Those who have admired the sunset at least once have no doubt that this is one of the most beautiful sights.
E) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
5) Most of the books that tell about the life of reptiles have been published in our country.
6) One of the most famous schismatics, whose fate interested V.I. Surikov, was the noblewoman Theodosya Morozova.
7) The project of this car of the future belongs to a designer known for his development of cars for computer games.
8) Thanks to his friendship with the Aksakov family, upon arrival from St. Petersburg, Gogol settled in the writer's house.
9) Lily of the valley is a flower that has been used in folk medicine since ancient times.
8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
asc.. st
k.. institutional
dist. lat
region.
present.. sit
9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.
n .. visual, with .. sound
pr .. sea, pr .. found
in.. faltered, not.. squeezed with.. hail, over.. smart
pr.. ran, pr.. sharp
10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the gap
adjust .. vat
peel off
persistent.. out
sbivch .. out
rod.. howl
11 Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.
bor..
dormant.. sh
bed.. sh
endure.. sh
bre.. shsha
12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the word is written CLEARLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.
(NOT) LOOKING at the complexity of the topic under study, we will try to understand it as best we can.
Today, his words sounded (NOT) WARM and affectionate, as before, but cold and somehow aloof.
His eyes burned with nothing (UN) TAMED passion.
It was a quiet, completely (NOT) HOT June day.
Peter's visit to the dentist (NOT) WAS postponed.
13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
Just as a person's childhood seems beautiful to him, memories of the harsh dawn of humanity are THAT (SAME) immersed for us in a romantic haze.
(AT) THE END I managed to catch the (THAT) HOUR when the slanting rays of the sun begin to penetrate the forest like golden spokes.
Ryzhik can be collected both in autumn and (B) CONTINUED all summer: it all depends (FROM) on what kind of summer it is.
He spoke the language AS (SAME) easily as people control their voice, (BECAUSE) BECAUSE he learned the language from ordinary people.
5) (FOR) FREQUENT people do not realize (FOR) HOW important it is to take care of their health.
14. Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is written HH.
We see that in the bone (1) skates, found (2) by archaeologists in northern Europe, she made (3) holes for leather (4) ribbons.
15. Arrange punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) There is a lot of fussy and funny, businesslike and cunning in the behavior of the starling.
2) In the count's living room, mirrors and paintings and vases were real works of art.
3) For many, the books of Dostoevsky or Tolstoy are more interesting than any detective novel.
4) It’s good to get lost in the thick thickets of aspens and birches in a warm autumn and breathe in the rotten smell of grass.
5) Both theater and cinema are types of mass art.
16. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Sparrow (1) unexpectedly taking off (2) disappeared into the light greenery of the garden (3) transparently through (4) against the evening sky.
17. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) should (s) be a comma (s).
Whoever you are (1) you (2) my sad (3) neighbor (4) I love you as a friend of a young age,
You (5) comrade (6) my random (7) Although fate is an insidious game
Forever we are separated from you
A wall now - and after a mystery.
(M. Yu. Lermontov)
18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Stone paths (1) winding lines (2) which (3) symbolize the flow of energy (4) acquire special meaning in a Japanese garden.
19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence.
The fog was melting (1) and (2) when the boat went to the shore (3) it was visible (4) how spots of water lilies and lilies swayed on the waves.
Read the text and complete tasks 20–25.
(1) It was early spring. (2) The evening dawn was just beginning, and it was already dusk among the trees, although the leaves had not yet appeared. (3) Everything below is in dark colors: trunks, last year's dark brown leaves, brown-gray dry grass stalks, even rose hips, densely ruby in autumn, now, having withstood the winter, seemed to be coffee beans. (4) The branches made a slight noise from the light wind, they seemed to be feeling each other liquidly and barely, now touching the ends, then slightly touching the middle of the branches: is it alive? (5) The tops of the trunks swayed gently - the trees seemed alive, even leafless. (6) Everything was mysteriously rustling and densely fragrant: both the trees and the foliage underfoot, soft, with the spring smell of forest land.
(7) In the forest, tired of the winter burden, when the awakened buds have not yet blossomed, when the woeful stumps of the winter felling have not yet given growth, but are already crying, when the dead brown leaves lie in a layer, when the bare branches do not rustle yet, but only slowly touch each other friend, - the smell of a snowdrop suddenly reached me! (8) Barely noticeable, but this is the smell of awakening life, and therefore it is quiveringly joyful, although almost imperceptible. (9) I look around - it turned out that he was nearby. (10) There is a flower on the ground, a tiny drop blue sky, such a simple and frank harbinger of joy and happiness, to whom it is due and accessible. (11) Ho for everyone, both happy and unhappy, he is now the decoration of life.
(12) This is how it is among us: there are modest people with a pure heart, “inconspicuous” and “small”, but with a huge soul. (13) They decorate life, containing all the best that is in humanity - kindness, simplicity, trust. (14) So the snowdrop seems like a drop of heaven on earth ...
(15) A few days later I was again in the same place. (16) The sky has already sprinkled the forest with thousands of blue drops. (17) I am looking, looking out: where is he, that very first, most courageous? (18) It seems that here he is. (19) Is he or isn't he? (20) I don't know. (21) There are so many of them that you can’t notice it, you can’t find it - it got lost among those following him, mixed with them. (22) But he is so small, but heroic, so quiet, but so assertive that, it seems, it was he who was frightened by the last frosts, gave up, throwing out the white flag of the last frost at the edge of the early dawn. (23) Life goes on.
(24) And at home I thought. (25) Isn't this a dream - yesterday's spring forest with blue snowdrops on the ground? (26) Well: such dreams are divinely healing medicine, albeit temporary. (27) Of course, temporary. (28) For if writers preached only beautiful dreams, moving away from the gray color of everyday life, then humanity would stop worrying about the future, accepting the present as eternal. (29) The fate of doom in time lies in the fact that the present should only become the past. (30) It is not in the power of a person to order: “Sun, stop!” (31) Time is unstoppable, unstoppable and inexorable. (32) Everything is in time and movement. (33) And the one who seeks only stable peace is already in the past, whether he is young or old - age does not matter. (34) The beautiful has its own sound, it sounds like peace, oblivion, but only temporary, just for relaxation; moments like this should never be missed.
(35) If I were a writer, I would definitely turn like this: “O restless person! (36) Glory to you forever, thinking, suffering for the sake of the future! (37) If you want to rest your soul, go to the snowdrops in the forest in early spring, and you will see a beautiful dream of reality. (38) Go quickly: in a few days there may not be snowdrops, and you will not be able to remember the magic of the vision given by nature. (39) Go get some rest. (40) Snowdrops - they say among the people.
(According to G. N. Troepolsky *)
* Gavriil Nikolaevich Troepolsky (1905-1995) - Russian Soviet writer.
20. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in sentence 40? Write down this word (combination of words).
bloom for a long time fortunately late flowers do not smell grow singly
21. Which of the following statements are false? Specify the answer numbers.
1) In sentences 1-6, a description is given.
2) Sentences 17-21 contain reasoning.
3) Proposition 28 names the consequence of what is said in sentences 26 and 27.
4) Sentences 31 and 32 give the reason for what is said in sentence 30.
5) In sentences 35-38, a narrative is presented.
22. Write out an individual author's word from sentences 9-11.
23. Among sentences 24-34, find one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using a subordinating conjunction. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).
24. “Being an agronomist by profession, G. N. Troepolsky wrote a lot about the nature around us. In this text, the paths help the author to convey the beauty of the spring forest: (A) _______ (for example, "the stumps are crying" in sentence 7, "the last frosts were frightened, they gave up" in sentence 22) and (B) _______ ("mysteriously rustling and densely fragrant" in sentence 6, "quiveringly joyful" in sentence 8). The imagery of the text is also given by the technique - (C) _______ ("the dream of reality" in sentence 37) and the syntactic means - (D) _______ (in sentences 30, 35)).
List of terms:
comparative turnover
personification
rhetorical appeal
interrogative sentence
rows of homogeneous sentence members
oxymoron
epithets
litotes
lexical repetition
Part 2
Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text. Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting). Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account). The volume of the essay is not less than 150 words.
A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated with 0 points.
Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting
№
tasks
Answer Option 22
2
moreover
5
unsuccessful
8
present
9
Primorye acquired acquiredPrimorye
10
pivotal
11
endure
12
despite
13
often how often
16
123 any other sequence of these digits
17
2457 any other sequence of these digits
19
1234 any other sequence of these digits
20
fortunately
22
pioneer
1. The problem of perception of the beauty of the surrounding nature. (How to see the beauty of the world around?)
1. Anyone who visits the forest and notices the changes taking place in nature is able to see the beauty of the world around us. Thus, the awakening of nature in spring is accompanied by the most beautiful flowering of snowdrops, ornaments of life.
2. The problem of the impact of nature on man. (What effect does nature have on man?)
2. The beauty of nature awakens in a person a feeling of joy, happiness, acts on him as a healing medicine, makes him think about beauty.
3. The problem of the commonality of nature and man. (What is the similarity between nature and man?)
3. There is much in common and similar between nature and man. So, both among people and among plants there are “inconspicuous”, “small”, “quiet” creatures, but heroic, assertive, with a huge soul.
4. The problem of the transience of time. (Can time stop?)
4. Time is unstoppable, unstoppable and inexorable, therefore, one should not miss the moments when there is an opportunity to enjoy the beautiful, to see the beauty of the world around us.
Common household items made from aged wood have a special charm that makes them a popular part of home decor. However, finding an old tree in an antique shop, or picking one up on trips to the villages, can be difficult and expensive. Wooden furniture, photo frames, bookshelves upholstery and much more, you can buy new and artificially age them, using special technologies and materials to make them look like antiques. The antique woodworking process takes time and talented hands, but the results provide a good alternative to buying old stuff.
To give a wooden house under construction the look of a hundred-year-old rarity, and not “freshly from the store”, you can use several aging methods. For example, adding rustic wood beams to your kitchen ceiling, installing primitive garden benches that should look old. The suggested tree aging methods can be used for almost any project involving a new tree.
mechanical way
Gently make indentations in the surface of the wood using the flat end and edges of the hammer head. According to an old expert, this will create a worn look without compromising the strength of the wood.
Use a piece of sandpaper, or even better a hard metal brush (brushing technique) to create a worn and “natural” wear effect on the entire object or a few specific areas, depending on your preference and the effect you want to create. Try this antique wood treatment for areas that are likely to be worn away by natural aging, such as the center of the stairs, the arms of the chair, parts of the clapboard at the entrance.
As a difference in finished shades, you can use the "folk" technology:
Soak a steel wool in vinegar overnight. Then brew a strong (for dark brown) or moderate (for a lighter finish) tea. When the tea is ready, use the brush to apply a layer of tea onto the wooden surface. After the wood dries, use a washcloth to apply a layer of the vinegar solution. This will give the "old wood" a stubborn yellow-silver or brownish abrasion.
Determine where natural wear and tear would exist in your home if it really was old (old experts say it's usually wear on entryway floorboards, chair seats, corners, and doors). For semi-antique wood processing, clean with coarse sandpaper. Then use a paper towel or soft brush to rub the area with wax paste or petroleum jelly. Paint over the entire surface of the wood (including the areas you have waxed) preferably with latex paint - it doesn't absorb well on waxed surfaces.
After the paint has dried, use a soft cloth to wipe down the areas you waxed. You will start to see the texture of the wood underneath the paint, giving your piece of wood an aged look. After you are satisfied appearance object, remove excess wax with mineral spirits, a natural degreaser, using a brush.
Another unusual technology for aging wood is the careful processing of certain areas of the surface with a blowtorch. This will give your wood that darkened look of popular primitive rustic interiors, cabinets and shelves.
In order to get the “gray” effect of old wood from weathering on the wood, apply an alkali-based oven cleaner to the wood surfaces. After achieving the desired tone, wipe the coating with white vinegar using a brush. It neutralizes alkali.
When reproducing antiques, you can create an artificial patina using a 10% solution nitric acid(Available at most chemical and household stores). Let the acid soak into the surface of the new wood for a few minutes, then heat it up with a hair dryer. As the surface temperature rises, the wood becomes darker. Keep heating, do not dry the surface.
When treating with alkali or acid (as in the last two methods), wear a protective mask and rubber gloves. Work outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
Option No. 784252
When completing tasks with a short answer, enter in the answer field the number that corresponds to the number of the correct answer, or a number, a word, a sequence of letters (words) or numbers. The answer should be written without spaces or any additional characters. The answers to tasks 1-26 are a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers).
If the option is set by the teacher, you can enter or upload answers to the tasks with a detailed answer into the system. The teacher will see the results of the short answer assignments and will be able to grade the uploaded answers to the long answer assignments. The points given by the teacher will be displayed in your statistics. The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
Version for printing and copying in MS Word
In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.
let's call them
bureaucracy
Answer:
In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.
There are many opportunities to get rid of everyday worries, to SHAKE the burden of accumulated fatigue off your shoulders, but perhaps the most effective of them is meeting old friends.
It is impossible to LOOK around the expanses of fields spreading in the distance.
On the way to victory, the soldiers were ready to UNDERSTAND all disasters, overcome all obstacles.
Answer:
In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
about THREE hundred photos
GO to the city
couple of socks
most RELEVANT
Greek GODDESSES
Answer:
Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence:
Returning from a trip
1) An interesting incident happened.
2) we shared vivid impressions with friends.
3) I couldn't sleep.
4) interesting incidents on the way were remembered for a long time.
Answer:
Specify an offer with grammatical error(with violation of the syntactic norm).
1) In the play "The Seagull" story line develops in several directions.
2) In his articles, this journalist raised questions that concern many of his contemporaries.
3) Science studies the laws of the surrounding world and, at the same time, relies on the experience of previous generations.
4) Painting not only enriches emotionally, but also makes you think.
Answer:
In which sentence is the subordinate clause complex sentence cannot be replaced by participial turnover?
1) In the last decades of the 20th century, many wonderful works appeared in Russian literature about adolescents, which even today do not leave readers indifferent.
2) There are two known translations of Burns' ballad "John Barleycorn", which is based on an old folk song.
3) E. Poe created seventy stories and novellas, which had a huge impact on the development of all world literature, on the work of many writers.
4) The impetus for the creation of the novel "Robinson Crusoe" was an essay that told about the fate of one English sailor - Alexander Selkirk.
Answer:
Which of the following sentences should be FIRST in this text?
Which of the following words or combinations of words should be in place of the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text? Write out this word.
Meanwhile
Apparently,
Besides,
Answer:
What word or combination of words is grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence of the text?
... (2) On the evening of November 23, 1706, during a holiday in honor of the victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, on the orders of Peter on four streets facing Peter and Paul Fortress, on the facades of buildings were hung lanterns taken out of the houses. (3) These were the first street lamps that illuminated the streets of the city. (4) With the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712, the issues of construction and improvement of the city became especially acute: Peter did not want his capital to be inferior to European ones. (5) Petersburg was ordered to be illuminated with oil lanterns, and in the fall of 1718 the first four lanterns were created by the architect Jean-Baptiste Leblon. (6) ... they were installed in front of the Winter Palace on the Neva embankment.
Indicate the correct description of the FOURTH sentence of the text.
... (2) On the evening of November 23, 1706, during a holiday in honor of the victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, on the orders of Peter on four streets facing the Peter and Paul Fortress, lanterns taken out of houses were hung on the facades of buildings. (3) These were the first street lamps that illuminated the streets of the city. (4) With the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712, the issues of construction and improvement of the city became especially acute: Peter did not want his capital to be inferior to European ones. (5) Petersburg was ordered to be illuminated with oil lanterns, and in the fall of 1718 the first four lanterns were created by the architect Jean-Baptiste Leblon. (6) ... they were installed in front of the Winter Palace on the Neva embankment.
Identify the sentence that contains a valid past participle.
... (2) On the evening of November 23, 1706, during a holiday in honor of the victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, on the orders of Peter on four streets facing the Peter and Paul Fortress, lanterns taken out of houses were hung on the facades of buildings. (3) These were the first street lamps that illuminated the streets of the city. (4) With the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712, the issues of construction and improvement of the city became especially acute: Peter did not want his capital to be inferior to European ones. (5) Petersburg was ordered to be illuminated with oil lanterns, and in the fall of 1718 the first four lanterns were created by the architect Jean-Baptiste Leblon. (6) ... they were installed in front of the Winter Palace on the Neva embankment.
Indicate the meaning of the word YIELD (GIVED) (sentence 4).
... (2) On the evening of November 23, 1706, during a holiday in honor of the victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, on the orders of Peter on four streets facing the Peter and Paul Fortress, lanterns taken out of houses were hung on the facades of buildings. (3) These were the first street lamps that illuminated the streets of the city. (4) With the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712, the issues of construction and improvement of the city became especially acute: Peter did not want his capital to be inferior to European ones. (5) Petersburg was ordered to be illuminated with oil lanterns, and in the fall of 1718 the first four lanterns were created by the architect Jean-Baptiste Leblon. (6) ... they were installed in front of the Winter Palace on the Neva embankment.
(4) Petersburg was ordered to be illuminated with oil lanterns, and in the autumn of 1718 the first four lanterns were created by the architect Jean-Baptiste Leblon.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which one letter H is written?
If near the pole of the Moon there are (1) s leading (2) reserves at the bottom of an eternally shaded (3) crater, then the problem of delivering the most important resources to the Earth’s satellite for its development will be solved: oxygen, hydrogen and water.
Answer:
Determine the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
close..sing
in..gorgeous
vyt..raw
be lucky
Answer:
Find a row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.
pr..image, n..best;
pr..acquisition, pr..light;
in.. cherish, both.. well-to-do;
subjectively, out..eat;
pr..homeland, pr..american.
Answer:
pay..shish
pasted
raska..shish
attach..sh
chasing .. chasing
Answer:
Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.
extend
discover..vat
cut..wat
thoughtful..out
Answer:
Identify the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.
I feel that it is (necessary) to change the subject.
Unfortunately, the problem is (not) solved.
Your daughter calls you - she will (not) call you.
What only (not) happened in those days.
This, gentlemen, is (none) other than Captain Kopeikin.
Answer:
Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
(BY) BECAUSE, how a person argues, one can determine his nature, as well as (SAME) his intentions.
I THAT (SAME) worked hard, BECAUSE (WHAT) I had a serious exam coming up.
TO (WOULD) shorten the path, we went through the park, WITH (WHAT) we got there before everyone else.
(B) DURING the whole of March it snowed, (AS) AS if spring was not going to come.
I had (IN) SIGHT THAT (SAME) as you.
Answer:
Indicate the correct explanation of punctuation in the sentence:
A short downpour passed () and the streets smelled of the bitter sweetness of birch buds.
1) Simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And no comma is needed.
2) Compound sentence, before the union And no comma is needed.
3) A compound sentence, before the union And a comma is needed.
4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And a comma is needed.
Immediately behind the river (1), rising up (2), one could see rocky mountains (3) outlined below (4) by a broken line of blackening low shrubs.
Answer:
Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.
Here (1) according to eyewitnesses (2) once there was a rich village. The investigator was able to reconstruct exactly (3) from eyewitness accounts (4) the sequence of events.
Answer:
Set up punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Due to leaks in the roof, all three bedrooms on the top floor were damp and smelled of mold.
2) Flowers grew near the snow itself, and even tender green sprouts made their way through the snow.
3) My neighbor was obviously not in the mood for communication and preferred concentrated reading of the newspaper.
4) Stanislav did not hear the question or did not want to answer it.
5) Tanyusha felt cold and woke up.
Answer:
How do you explain the use of a colon in this sentence?
Ivan Nikolaevich was absolutely right: the kidnapper escaped through the back door, not wanting to catch the eye of the office staff.
Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.
Trees (1) near (2) which (3) we settled down (4) stood alone in the open field, which was sown with rye and buckwheat.
Answer:
Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.
Alexey Pavlovich got up with an early dawn (1) and (2) when he inhaled the cool air filled with a damp smell of dew (3) his soul became (4) light and spacious.
Answer:
Indicate the numbers of sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text is correctly conveyed. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Artificial hard surfaces: asphalt, concrete, brick, glass - cannot absorb atmospheric moisture, so all precipitation is removed through drains.
2) The dryness of the urban atmosphere, confirmed by low humidity and rare fogs, is due to the inability of urban artificial hard surfaces to absorb precipitation.
3) In cities there is a special microclimate, since all precipitation is removed through drains, which leads to the drying of artificial hard surfaces.
4) Due to the fact that artificial hard surfaces in cities cannot absorb precipitation, the air in cities is characterized by low humidity, and fogs are a very rare phenomenon.
5) The city consists of artificial hard surfaces: asphalt, concrete, brick, glass, which explains the lack of fog in big cities.
Answer:
What statements do not match the content of the text?
1) Every action must resonate in the soul loved one then the relationship will be harmonious.
2) In a relationship, it is important to overcome the feeling of possessiveness and selfishness.
3) People are united by shared hardships.
4) Love is based solely on the similarity of people's characters.
5) When one person tries to “pull out” any relationship on himself, this is worthy of respect.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618
Answer:
Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.
Enter the numbers in ascending order.
1) Sentence 4 explains the judgment made in sentence 3.
2) Proposition 8 contains the substantiation of the statement made in sentence 7.
3) Sentences 9-11 present the narrative.
4) Sentences 12−15 contain reasoning.
5) Proposition 6 contains a conclusion from the 5th.
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then with the very first problems in this area our relationships will also be jeopardized. (5) Relations in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We shouldn't
try to educate and remake people in their own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
* Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Text source: USE 2013, Center, version 1
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618
Answer:
Write out antonyms from sentence 2
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then with the very first problems in this area our relationships will also be jeopardized. (5) Relations in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We shouldn't
try to educate and remake people in their own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
* Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Text source: USE 2013, Center, version 1
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618
(2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist.
Answer:
Indicate the way the word THREAT is formed (sentence 4).
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then with the very first problems in this area our relationships will also be jeopardized. (5) Relations in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We shouldn't
try to educate and remake people in their own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
* Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Text source: USE 2013, Center, version 1
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618
(4) Relationships in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness.
Answer:
Write out the passive participle from sentences 7–8.
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then with the very first problems in this area our relationships will also be jeopardized. (5) Relations in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We shouldn't
try to educate and remake people in their own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
* Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Text source: USE 2013, Center, version 1
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618
(8) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity.
Answer:
Indicate the type of subordination in the phrase THIS DOES NOT HAPPEN (sentence 11).
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then with the very first problems in this area our relationships will also be jeopardized. (5) Relations in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We shouldn't
try to educate and remake people in their own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
* Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Text source: USE 2013, Center, version 1
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us.
Answer:
Among sentences 7-11 find a simple one-part impersonal offer. Write the number of this offer.
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then with the very first problems in this area our relationships will also be jeopardized. (5) Relations in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We shouldn't
try to educate and remake people in their own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
* Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Text source: USE 2013, Center, version 1
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618
(7) If in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(11) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness.
Answer:
Among sentences 5–10, find a sentence with a separate circumstance. Write the number of this offer.
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then with the very first problems in this area our relationships will also be jeopardized. (5) Relations in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We shouldn't
try to educate and remake people in their own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
* Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Text source: USE 2013, Center, version 1
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618
(5) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(6) People are united by the difficulties and crises experienced together. (7) If in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(8) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (9) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (10) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
Answer:
Among sentences 10–16 find difficult sentence, which includes subordinate causes. Write the number of this compound sentence.
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then with the very first problems in this area our relationships will also be jeopardized. (5) Relations in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We shouldn't
try to educate and remake people in their own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
* Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Text source: USE 2013, Center, version 1
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618
Answer:
Among sentences 4–8, find one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using a demonstrative pronoun and lexical repetition. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then with the very first problems in this area our relationships will also be jeopardized. (5) Relations in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We shouldn't
try to educate and remake people in their own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
* Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Text source: USE 2013, Center, version 1
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618
(4) Relationships in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (5) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
“The author makes the reader think about the concepts that are important for each person. To this end, already in the first paragraph, he uses (A) _____ (“disconnects” - “unites”). Syntactic means - (B) _____ (in sentences 4, 13), tropes - (C) _____ (“they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple” in sentence 16) and lexical means - (D) _____ (“take the first step ” in sentence 9) help the author express his attitude to the essence of the concepts under consideration”.
List of terms:
1) phraseological unit
3) rows of homogeneous members
5) metaphor
6) antonyms
7) syntactic parallelism
8) expressive repetition
9) exclamatory sentences
Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:
| A | B | IN | G |
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then with the very first problems in this area our relationships will also be jeopardized. (5) Relations in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We shouldn't
try to educate and remake people in their own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
* Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Text source: USE 2013, Center, version 1
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618
Answer:
Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting). Explain the meaning of each example and indicate the semantic relationship between them.
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated with 0 points.
Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relationship: “What unites us?”
(H) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then with the very first problems in this area our relationships will also be jeopardized. (5) Relations in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We shouldn't
try to educate and remake people in their own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
* Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Text source: USE 2013, Center, version 1
Bank FIPI block No. 97F618