On this page you will learn about the memorable dates of the autumn day on October 20, what famous people were born on this October day, events took place, we will also talk about folk omens and Orthodox holidays of this day, public holidays of different countries from around the world.

Today, as on any day, as you will see, events have taken place over the centuries, each of them is remembered for something, the day of October 20 was no exception, which was also remembered for its own dates and birthdays famous people, as well as holidays and folk signs. You and I must always remember and know about those who left their indelible mark on culture, science, sports, politics, medicine and all other areas of human and social development.

The day of the twentieth of October left its indelible mark on history, events and memorable dates, like who was born on this autumn day, once again confirm this. Find out what happened on the twentieth day of October October 20, what events and dates it was marked with, what was remembered, who was born, folk signs characterizing the day and much more that you should know about, just interesting to know.

Who was born on October 20 (twentieth)

Lyudmila Iosifovna Makarova. Born October 20, 1921 in Petrograd - died May 30, 2014 in St. Petersburg. Soviet and Russian theater and film actress. People's Artist of the USSR (1977).

Viggo Peter Mortensen, Jr. Born October 20, 1958 in New York. American actor of Danish origin.

Anatoly Nikolaevich Vasiliev was born on October 20, 1935 in Leningrad. He died on January 4, 2017 in St. Petersburg. Famous Soviet musician, arranger, founder of the VIA "Singing Guitars".

Candice Swanepoel (African. Candice Swanepoel). She was born on October 20, 1988 in Mui River, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). South African supermodel. First Victoria's Secret Angel from South Africa.

Vladimir Gomelsky (10/20/1953 [Leningrad]) - professional basketball player, honored coach of the RSFSR and sports television commentator;

Valery Borzov (10/20/1949 [Sambor]) - Soviet (Ukrainian) sprint athlete;

Nikolai Bordyuzha (10/20/1948 [Eagle]) - Russian military and statesman;

Igor Gorbachev (October 20, 1927 - February 19, 2003) - Soviet theater and film actor, theater director. Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1957). National artist RSFSR (1968). People's Artist of the USSR (08/11/1972);

Amet-Khan Sultan (10/20/1920 [Alupka] - 02/01/1971 [Moscow]) - Soviet military ace pilot, participant in the Great Patriotic War, twice Hero of the Soviet Union;

Jomo Kenyatta (10/20/1893 - 08/22/1978 [Mombasa]) - the first prime minister in 1963-1964 and the president of Kenya in 1964-1978. Considered the "father of the Kenyan nation";

James Chadwick (10/20/1891 [Bollington] - 07/24/1974) - English physicist, known for the discovery of the neutron and the photonuclear reaction;

Elizaveta Romanova (10/20/1864 [Darmstadt] - 07/18/1918 [Novaya Selimskaya mine]) - sister of the last Russian Empress, founder of the Martha and Mary Convent, died in Alapaevsk, canonized by the Orthodox Church;

Arkady Garting (10/20/1861 [Pinsk] - 1912) - a major figure in the Russian political investigation;

Arthur Rimbaud (10/20/1854 [Charleville-Mezieres, Ardennes] - 11/10/1891 [Marseille]) - French poet;

Henry Palmerston (10/20/1784 [London] - 10/18/1865 [Brocket Hall]) - Prime Minister of Great Britain (1855-1858 and from 1859); Whig leader. Minister of Foreign Affairs (1830-1834, 1835-1841, 1846-1851).

Below, at the end of this page, you will find a table with the days (dates) of the celebrationOrthodox and Catholic Easter, as well as the Holy Trinity until 2035 ...

Dates October 20

In Ukraine - All-Ukrainian Day to Combat Breast Cancer

World Osteoporosis Day

international air traffic controller day

Celebrate in Guatemala - Revolution Day

In Kenya - Heroes Day

In Jamaica - National Heroes Day

By folk calendar this is Sergey winter

On this day:

in 1341 the future St. Sergius of Radonezh became a monk

in 1480, the famous standing on the Ugra began, when the Mongol-Tatars did not dare to take the fight and laid down their right to receive tribute from the Russian land

in 1696, the then government of Russia - the Boyar Duma decided to create a navy

In 1865, the city of Ottawa became the capital of Canada, where the government of the country moved

in 1880 the oldest Moscow circus "on Tsvetnoy Boulevard" was opened

Admiral Fyodor Litke, Russian explorer of the Arctic, died in 1882

Richard Burton, the first European explorer to set foot on the shores of Lake Tanganyika, died in 1890.

in 1916, the battleship "Saint Maria" exploded in the roadstead in Sevastopol, one of the reasons for the explosion of which was considered a terrorist attack

Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, was liberated in 1944

In 1968, American Dick Fosbury showed a new style of high jump, called "Fosberyflop" and achieved victory at the Olympics in Mexico City

in 1982, 66 people died in a mass crush at Luzhniki, this became the biggest tragedy at domestic stadiums during the competition

Paul Dirac, one of the founders, died in 1984 quantum physics, Nobel laureate

in 1994, Sergei Bondarchuk, the famous director who received the Oscar for the film epic War and Peace, died

Muammar Gaddafi, the permanent head of the Libyan Jamahiriya, died in 2011.

Events October 20

This is the oldest circus in the history of the country. On October 19, 1987, the construction of a new building began. From a small room with five chairs and wooden boxes over seven hundred years, it has turned into a huge hall under a dome.

Today the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard bears the name of Yuri Nikulin, his bronze monument stands in front of the entrance. Arena of the circus different years hosted the most outstanding circus performers.

On October 20, 714, Peter I by his Decree banned stone construction throughout Russia, except for St. Petersburg

Exemplary houses were ordered to be built only in the city on the Neva, and punishment was promised for violation of the order. According to the calculation of the king, having lost their jobs, the masons will be forced to come to St. Petersburg and build the city. The new capital of Russia was to be equal in beauty and sophistication with the best cities in Europe.

Peter 1 issued a decree from the fact that in 11 years Petersburg did not move forward at all, but resembled, all the same, a construction site, as at the beginning of construction. Peter's dream never came true - the problem turned out to be not the presence of artisans, but the fact that the brick factories could not cope with the huge load.

Some cunning craftsmen deceived the king by building wooden houses and, facing with a thin layer of clay, painted them “like a brick”. A house decorated in this way could be distinguished only by close examination. Sometimes the painted bricks looked more attractive than the real ones. When fraud was discovered, the culprit was mercilessly punished.

They say that winter begins on October 20 of this moment, although autumn is still on the calendar. However, the days become short, the nights become long, and even frosts can be observed in the mornings.

On October 20, the peasants first went to feed the cattle in the morning and after that they sat down to have breakfast. Moreover, the stove was supposed to be melted by the youngest member of the family - they believed that in this case it would be warm in the house all winter. The reservoirs were not yet covered with ice, and therefore, it was necessary to lower the barrels with pickled cucumbers into the pools for long-term storage.

By the way, in winter the temperature under the ice is approximately the same and does not fall below +4 degrees, which was quite convenient for storing supplies. When the ice melted in the spring, the owners took out their supplies, and as a result, they had delicious pickles on their table just at the time when there was not too much food left.

In addition, on October 20, there was a tradition to put on women a new scarf on their heads - they believed that this would protect against headaches throughout the year. Washed with sour milk to preserve youth and beauty.

In the church on October 20, the memory of St. Sergius of the Caves, who lived in the 13th century, is venerated. His main feat is considered to be the renunciation of his own will - Sergius completely submitted to his abbot. Therefore, he received the nickname "Obediant".

They also pray to St. Sergius of Murom or Vologda, who, according to historical data, lived in Greece, but came to Russia in order to become a student of Sergius of Radonezh himself, having heard about his spiritual exploits. After some time, he goes north to the Nurma River to retire there for prayer.

There, Sergius of Murom is experiencing a large number of temptations. Gradually, pilgrims begin to gather around him, as a result of which the Nurom monastery is formed.

After his death, Sergius appeared to his disciple Nicephorus and ordered that his grave be cleared. Nikifor thought that this was just a dream, and therefore, did not carry out Sergius' instructions, as a result of which he was paralyzed. Only at the tomb of the saint did he receive healing. The grave of Sergius was put in order, and miracles began to happen around it.

Folk omens October 20

The snow has fallen, but the leaves are still on the trees - a sign that the winter days are still far away.

Snow falls on wet ground, which means it will lie there for a long time, and vice versa

The moon is cloudy and pale - according to signs, snow will begin with frost in the near future.

We hope you enjoyed reading the material on this page and were satisfied with what you read. Agree, it is useful to know the history of events and dates, as well as those who famous people was born today, on the twentieth day of October, October 20, what mark did this person leave with his actions and deeds in the history of mankind, our world with you.

We are also sure that the folk signs of this day helped you understand some of the subtleties and nuances. By the way, with the help of them, you can check in practice the authenticity and veracity of folk signs.

Good luck to all of you in life, love and deeds, read more necessary, important, useful, interesting and informative - reading expands your horizons and develops imagination, learn about everything, develop diversified!

What is interesting and significant in world history on October 20, science, sports, culture, politics?

October 20, what events in the world history of science and culture are famous and interesting for this day?

What holidays can be celebrated and celebrated on October 20?

What national, international and professional holidays are celebrated annually on October 20? What religious holidays are celebrated on October 20? What is celebrated on this day according to the Orthodox calendar?

What is the national day of October 20 according to the calendar?

What folk signs and beliefs are associated with the day of October 20? What is celebrated on this day according to the Orthodox calendar?

What significant events and memorable dates are celebrated on October 20?

What significant historical events October 20 and memorable dates in world history are celebrated on this summer day? Memorial Day of which famous and great people is October 20?

Which of the great, famous and famous died on October 20?

October 20, Memorial Day of some famous, great and famous people of the world, historical figures, actors, artists, musicians, politicians artists, athletes celebrated on this day?

We offer the dates for the Great Easter of the Holy Orthodox Trinity for the next time period, you may be interested to know about them, about the days of these important church holidays for every believing Christian, or just out of curiosity. You will find out in the link of the day of the Orthodox Easter of a particular year, also about the Catholic Easter, the date of its celebration for Catholic Christians ... holiday dates in links...

Orthodox dates Easter until 2035 Holy Christ's Resurrection	Holy Orthodox dates Trinity until 2035 Pentecost

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This number of the second winter month is ready to give all the inhabitants of the planet a huge number of celebrations.

UN Events October 20, 2020

world statistics day

In 1947, the UN Statistical Commission was created. She was able to set international methodological standards throughout her work. This commission plays a key role in improving the provision of assistance to states, their statistical reporting. Also, the commission can provide an unprecedented degree of data availability.

Such a celebration was created to draw public attention to the very important work that employees of statistical agencies perform every day. They must collect objective, accurate and comparable data. All aspects modern life It's the statistics that permeate.

It also underpins many of the government's social and business decisions. Statistics can give insight and information about the forces and trends that can affect our lives.

World celebrations October 20, 2020

International Chef's Day

Every year on October 20, Chef's Day is celebrated all over the world. The holiday was created in 2004, and the initiator was the World Association of Culinary Societies. The solemn event in more than 70 countries received a large-scale character.

In addition to the culinary specialists themselves, the authorities, business owners and employees of travel companies can take part in the organization. All these people arrange competitions among cooks, experiment with dishes and hold tastings. The profession of a cook can be called one of the most sought after in the world, as well as an ancient one.

History does not tell us who was the first to decide to cook game meat along with berries that were collected in the forest. The ancient Greeks, for example, had the god of healing Asclepius. But his faithful assistant was the cook Kulina. She became the patroness of the art of cooking.

international air traffic controller day

On October 20, 1961, the International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers Associations was established in Amsterdam. In the history of the development of air transport, such an event was a significant milestone. It was thanks to him that a professional holiday appeared.

For dispatchers, such a celebration was an opportunity to once again emphasize the importance of their profession. Also today you can draw attention to your work of the entire public, and declare your achievements. It is in the hands of these workers that the safety of heaven lies.

The employees have a great responsibility, so very high demands are placed on their professionalism. Air traffic control specialists must not only be fluent in professional skills, but also have special psychological training.

International Credit Union Day

This celebration takes place on the third Thursday of October every year. This celebration has been continuously celebrated since 1948. Since then, many events have taken place: charity events, open days of branches and unions, competitions, fairs, and so on. A credit union is an organization for the financial mutual assistance of citizens.

This organization is one of the most attractive and massive for the population. From the middle of the 19th century, the ideas and concepts of cooperation came into use. Then they were able to get great popularity in Europe. Robert Owen can be considered the founder of the cooperative philosophy.

It should also be noted that 1948 was the second date for the establishment of Credit Union Day. And in 1927 the first idea of ​​the celebration was announced.

Russian holiday October 20, 2020

Day of the military signalman in Russia

In our country, every year on October 20, the Day of the military signalman is held. This professional celebration is celebrated by all employees and servicemen of the Signal Corps. In 1919, October 20 is the day of the creation of the Signal Corps.

By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, a communications department was created, headed by the head of communications. Such a service was allocated to a special service of headquarters, and the signal troops became independent troops. It was then that the structure of the modern signal troops was laid. Military communication in its development was able to go through a difficult and long path, which is inextricably linked with the history of the creation of the Armed Forces.

Today, this system is a complex multifunctional organism. It can also include multilayer communication nodes for various purposes, many thousands of kilometers of radio lines and other types of communication.

Folk calendar for October 20, 2020

Sergey Zimniy

On such a date, people celebrate the memory of two saints who bore the name Sergius. The first of them was Sergius of the Caves, who lived in the 13th century. And the second is Sergius Nuromsky, who lived in the 15th century. Both were pure-hearted and kind.

The second saint was a disciple of Sergius of Radonezh, whom he came to after hearing about his exploits. And when, many years after his death, Sergius Nuromsky came to the pious man Nicephorus, he asked to clear his grave.

Nikifor thought that it was just a dream, and in his punishment he could no longer move. Only at the tomb of St. Nicephorus was he able to receive healing. On such a day, the people were not surprised by the frosts that could suddenly come. Therefore, Sergei received the nickname - Winter.

What people celebrate name day on October 20, 2020

Joseph, Mark, Nikolai, Pelageya, Sergei, Julian.

Historical facts

• 1714 - Peter I issued a Decree on the prohibition of stone construction throughout Russia, except for St. Petersburg.
• 1740 - Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria is declared the heiress of Charles VI of Habsburg.
• 1827 - the Battle of Navarino took place.
• 1880 - The Moscow circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard welcomed the first spectators.

Popular personalities and their birthdays

1. Dmitry Donskoy 1350 – Grand Duke Moscow.
2. Oskar Swan 1847 - Swedish shooter.
3. James Chadwick 1891 - English physicist.
4. Enrique Bernat 1923 - Spanish businessman.
5. Igor Gorbachev 1927 - Russian film and theater actor.
6. Yeremey Parnov 1935 - Soviet writer.
7. Valery Borzov 1949 - Soviet athlete.
8. Thomas Newman 1955 is an American composer.
9. Vladimir Solovyov 1963 - Russian journalist.
10. Callie Minogue 1971 - Australian singer.
11. Dmitry Alenichev 1972 - Russian football player.

1341 - Sergius of Radonezh was tonsured a monk. Deciding to become a monk, Sergius transferred his share of the inheritance to his younger brother and, together with his elder brother, founded the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, where in 1353 he became hegumen. Sergius possessed a rare combination of such qualities as noble origin, non-acquisitiveness, religiosity and hard work.
1480 - began "standing on the Ugra" between the troops of the Russian prince Ivan III and Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat, ending with the final liberation of Russia from the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
1517 - Portuguese nobleman Ferdinand Magellan (Fernao de Magalhaes) arrived in Seville. In 1512-1514. he fought against the Moroccans in North Africa, was wounded and returned to Portugal, where he asked the king for a promotion. The king refused him and ordered him to return to Morocco. At the beginning of 1516, Magellan again turned to the king and was again refused. Magellan was told that he was free to serve anyone. The offended sailor went to Spain, where he managed to conclude an agreement: they were waiting for him ahead circumnavigation and death in the Philippines.
1671 - to all bachelors in New France ( North America) is ordered to marry only girls from France.
1696 - The Boyar Duma decided to create a regular Russian fleet.
1774 - The American Continental Congress imposed an economic embargo on trade with Britain.

1803 - The US Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase.
1812 - the second battle near Polotsk.
1818 - England and America established a border along the 49th parallel between Canada and the United States.
1822 - The first issue of The Sunday Times was published in England.
1852 - The frigate "Pallada" under the command of Admiral E. V. Putyatin left Kronstadt, which set off for a circumnavigation. The writer Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov agreed to become the secretary of the admiral, who kept a general journal, studied literature with midshipmen at the request of the admiral. The voyage was interrupted due to an explosion the following year. Crimean War, but visiting England, Japan, traveling through Siberia, when Goncharov visited all the Decembrists, allowed him not only to publish travel notes under the title "Pallada Frigate", but also to clarify the author's position in future novels "Oblomov" and "Cliff", which existed at the beginning of the voyage only in outline.
1865 - Ottawa is approved as the seat of the government of Canada.
1868 - the first private commercial bank in Ukraine was established in Kyiv.
1880 - The Moscow Circus was opened on Tsvetnoy Boulevard, one of the oldest circuses in Russia.
1891 - the Erfurt Program was adopted, which determined the basic principles of European social democracy.

1911 - R. Amundsen's expedition moved to the South Pole.
- The first meeting of the association "Workshop of Poets" was held, which later created the poetic direction of acmeism.
1914 - JSC "Russian Renault" was formed, which owned a plant in St. Petersburg for the assembly of French aircraft engines - now the "Plant im. V. Ya. Klimov.
1916 - Russian empire. Crimea. In the city of Sevastopol, the battleship "Empress Maria" exploded, hundreds of dead.
1920 - British Columbia (Canada) voters voted against Prohibition
- Aircraft manufacturer Aeronautical Corporation Of America conducted the first test flight of its first Aeronca C-2 aircraft.
1923 - Businessman Leo Deckers proclaims the independent Republic of Lorraine.
1929 - The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks officially proclaimed complete collectivization.
- The first flight of the twelve-engine flying boat "Dornier-X" with 169 passengers on board.
1930 - The Khakass Autonomous Region was formed.
- The British authorities in Israel restricted the rights of the Jews to buy land from the Arabs.
1932 - The Pravda newspaper for the first time published the slogan "Dynamo is a force in motion."
1944 - Soviet army and Yugoslav partisans liberated Belgrade, the capital of Yugoslavia.
1945 - Women in France are granted the right to vote for the first time.
1947 - A test pilot school was opened in Zhukovsky near Moscow at the Flight Research Institute. The “godfather” of the school was the famous Mikhail Mikhailovich Gromov, and Major General of Aviation Mikhail Vasilyevich Kotelnikov became its first head.
- The first flight of a light multi-purpose aircraft "Yak-12", F. L. Abramov.
- The Un-American Activities Commission began hearings on Communist infiltration into Hollywood.

1951 - the Riga plant "Radiotechnics" was named after A. Popov.
1953 - Ray Bradbury's dystopia Fahrenheit 451 is published in the United States.
- Canada's first private television station opens in Sudbury, Ontario.
1955 - Publication of The Return of the King, the last part of The Lord of the Rings.
1956 - Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR established the medal "For the Development of Virgin Lands".
1958 - military coup in Thailand.
1959 - the first flight of the An-24 turboprop aircraft for short-haul airlines.
1960 - in the London court "Old Bailey" a trial was opened in the case of the novel "Lady Chatterley's Lover" by David Lawrence, which was banned for 30 years. To begin with, the judge advised the jury to read the novel.
1962 - Tu-124 jet aircraft entered service.
1963 - France conducts underground nuclear tests.
1964 - The Rolling Stones gave their first concert in Paris. As a result of the riots, 150 people were arrested.
1965 - mass arrests of communists in Indonesia.
1967 - A giant Bigfoot is filmed in northern California (USA).
1968 - At the Olympic Games in Mexico City, the victory in the high jump with a score of 2 m 24 cm was won by the American Dick Fosbury, who came up with an original way to overcome the bar - with his back to it. The new style quickly gained popularity around the world.
1970 - the first Sportloto draw took place in the USSR.
1973 - Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain (Queen Elisabeth II) opened the Sydney Opera House, recognized as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The competition for the construction of a new opera house, announced in 1954, was attended by 233 specialists from 32 countries. The winner was the then unknown Dane Jörg Utzon (Jorn Oberg Utzon). The architect's unusual solution was inspired by the sails of yachts in the Sydney port, but the implementation of his plan required the solution of complex technical problems. As a result, construction was delayed for ten years. The interiors of the opera are made in a style that has been called "Space Age Gothic". This building has the world's largest theater curtain and the world's largest mechanical organ with 10,500 pipes.
1977 - three members of the American band Lynyrd Skynyrd died in a plane crash: vocalist Ronald "Ronnie" Wayne Van Zant and two recruits Steve (Steven Earl Gaines) and Cassie Gaines (Cassie Gaines). The rest of the group escaped with injuries. The band had just released their sixth album just three days earlier and flew from city to city in a private jet during their tour. The survivors formed a new line-up called The Rossington-Collins Band, but in 1986 they were in for a new blow when guitarist Allen Collins (Allen Larkin Collins) was in a car accident during which his girlfriend died and he was paralyzed . Four years later he died. In 1987, Lynyrd Skynyrd reconvened for a tragic anniversary tour, with Ronnie's former solo younger brother Johnny Van Zant as vocalist. Since 1991, the group has resumed its activities.
1988 - A. Sakharov was elected to the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
1991 - B. Yeltsin announced the transfer of functions of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Russian Ministry.
1992 - the first flight of the Yak-112 general purpose aircraft, V. A. Yakimov.
1993 - The Dutch government decided to ban the sale of marijuana and hashish to foreign tourists. Local citizens were not affected by this restriction.
Belinda, a movie star who starred in James Bond and Indiana Jones films, has died at the London Zoo.
1994 - The Congress of Russian Communities was established in Moscow.
1997 - Microsoft is charged with violating US antitrust laws.
1998 - the Internet information server "Cyril and Methodius" was opened.

2002 - an unusual exhibition opened in Veliky Novgorod. The exposition includes garbage found during the cleaning of the shores of Lake Ilmen and several rivers. Almost half of all waste is car tires. Ecologists also found many old refrigerators, benches and trash cans from city streets.

Holiday calendar, dates and events in October

Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun

20.10.2017 08:00

Ukrinform

Today is All-Ukrainian Day of Fight against Breast Cancer.

It is held in accordance with the Decree of the President of January 17, 2005. The purpose of the day is to draw the attention of women to the seriousness of the risks of breast cancer, to inform them about the decisive factors in the prevention of breast cancer, about the prevention and treatment of this disease. Experts note that in Ukraine every year about 160,000 women learn about their diagnosis, and every hour one woman dies of breast cancer. The main reason for the high mortality from this disease in our country is late diagnosis. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor of the glandular tissue of the breast. It is the most common form of cancer in the world, occurring in one in 13 women aged 13 to 90 during their lifetime. At the same time, it is the second most common oncological disease after lung cancer in the general population (considering the male population). The incidence of breast cancer in developed countries has increased dramatically since the 1970s. This is explained, in particular, by a change in the lifestyle of the population of developed countries (for example, the number of children in families has decreased, and the duration of breastfeeding has decreased). In most cases, breast cancer is a sporadic disease, but in 5-10% it can be hereditary and manifests itself as a result of mutations in genes. In addition, age and female gender also increase the risk of developing a neoplasm. Other potential risk factors: abortion, lack of childbirth and breastfeeding, elevated level estrogen. It should be noted that on October 15, 44 countries around the world celebrate World Breast Cancer Day. The international symbol for organizations and individuals that support the breast cancer program is the Pink Ribbon. The program is supported by the presidents of different countries at the state level, monarchs, famous doctors, show business stars, commercial and non-governmental organizations.

October 20 is traditionally celebrated around the world International Air Traffic Controller Day. It was on this day, in 1961, in Amsterdam (Netherlands) that representatives of 12 countries established the International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers Associations (IFATCA) - an organization that today unites professional associations from 127 countries and represents the interests of more than 40 thousand air traffic controllers in different parts of the world. planets. At the same time, the main goals of the Federation were formulated, which still remain unchanged today, namely: flight safety, contribution to the development of air navigation systems, continuous improvement of the level of professionalism and qualifications of air traffic controllers, protection of their rights, as well as the development of mutually beneficial relations with other international organizations . The safety of passengers in the sky depends on many factors: on the pilots, on the reliability of the aircraft, on the technical staff of the airline, as well as on the air traffic controllers. This profession has a huge responsibility. In the history of aviation, there have been many plane crashes, the causes of which were the false actions of air traffic controllers. These people should not only possess impeccable professional skills, but also have special psychological training. Air traffic controllers or air traffic controllers are specialists who control and guarantee the safe and coordinated movement of aircraft on the ground and in the air in order to exclude their contact, and in special situations - to provide the aircraft crew with the necessary assistance. In Ukraine, the head organization that provides high-quality and safe air navigation services in the airspace of Ukraine and in the airspace over the high seas, where responsibility for air traffic services is assigned to Ukraine by international agreements, is the State Air Traffic Services Enterprise of Ukraine - UkSATSE, whose area of ​​responsibility 776,442 sq. km. Last year, according to the results of the annual assessment of the maturity of the flight safety management system, UkSATSE ranked 10th among 47 European air navigation service providers.

At the same time, every year on this day, chefs and culinary specialists from more than 70 countries of the world celebrate their professional holiday - International Chef's Day. The day was founded in 2004 by the World Association of Culinary Societies, which includes almost 8 million members - representatives cooking profession from all continents of the world. This year's theme international day The chefs mission is to educate children around the world about the importance of healthy eating. It is known that the ancient Greeks honored the god of medicine Asclepius (aka the Roman Aesculapius). He had a daughter, Hygiea, the guardian of health (it was from her name that the word “hygiene” came from), but their assistant in all matters was the cook Kulina, who later became the patroness of culinary art (informal tenth muse), which was called “cooking” . And the recipes of various dishes have been known to mankind since the times ancient egypt and Babylon. Today, cooking is a real science and art at the same time. Ukrainian chefs and culinary experts also have something to boast about, because Ukrainian cuisine has existed for more than one century and has rich traditions.

Anniversaries of the day:

130 years since the birth of Rostislav Romanovich Zaklinsky (1887-1974), Ukrainian writer and literary critic. By profession a lawyer (doctor of law). He was the director of the Kyiv Historical Museum. In the 1930s, he was a senior researcher at the Taras Shevchenko Institute and at the same time director of the museum T.G. Shevchenko at the Institute. Then he was illegally repressed by the NKVD. After the war, he taught in the villages of the Ivano-Frankivsk region, from 1957 - in Lvov. Organized the archive of the Zaklinsky family in Lvovskaya scientific library them. V. Stefanik. Published in Ukrainian periodicals, belonged to the Western Ukraine writers' organization. Rostislav Zaklinsky corresponded with Nechui-Levitsky for many years. He is the author of articles about the work of Franko, Fedkovich, Mark Cheremshina. His father and two brothers - Bogdan and Kornilo - were also well-known Ukrainian literary critics.

71 year of birth Elfried Jelinek (1946) Austrian writer and playwright. Laureate Nobel Prize in Literature (2004) "for the musical flow of conflicting voices in her novels and dramatic works." Author of the novels: "Mistresses", "Pianist", "Lust", "Children of the Dead", "Thirst", plays "Clara III". In addition to the Nobel Prize, Jelinek (professional musician) is the recipient of almost 30 different literary awards. In particular, she was awarded prestigious awards to them. Buechner and them. Heine. Jelinek's lyrics are always brash, shockingly bold in subject matter and built entirely on whimsical wordplay, making them virtually inaccessible to audiences outside the German-speaking area. It can be noted that for many years she has been writing one big book, the central themes of which stood out already in her first novels and continue to excite the writer to this day: sexuality, violence, sports, music, mass culture, neo-fascism. Although everything is interconnected in her texts: sex is violence and humiliation (primarily women), sport is also violence associated with discipline and training (primarily men), and fascism is subconsciously sublimated in sports, sex, violence. Reading Jelinek is not an easy task, and sometimes even very exhausting. This process can only be compared with a heavy climb into the mountains. Despite the heat (options: rain, snow or some other bad weather), despite fatigue, despite the frantic pace, you must scratch up, because ahead is a tireless, quick-footed guide, and you must (although you don’t want to) keep up with him. But, in the end, you are drawn in, a "second wind" quietly opens up, excitement appears, and the panorama that you see from the top is worth the hard climb. And the leader, that is, the author - in this case, Jelinek - can only be thanked for the intellectual pleasure received. It is unlikely that you will re-read her “light” heavy prose, but you can completely guarantee that from time to time you mentally return to it, because, despite the extreme density, concentration (at times “impenetrability”) of the text, it has something that is inherent in the present a work of art - a living, albeit a peculiar atmosphere, a space for thought, interpretation, but only with an active intellectual position of the reader.

Death anniversary:

8 7 years from death Yuri Iosifovich Tyutyunnik (1891-1930), Ukrainian military figure, cornet general of the UNR Army. Born in the Cherkasy region. He studied at a rural school, graduated from an agricultural school in Uman. During the First World War, he was at the front, received an officer rank. In 1918 he was one of the leaders of the anti-German uprising in the Zvenigorod and Tarashchansky districts; in 1919 he fought in the troops of Ataman Grigoriev, after whose death he headed rebel army. From December 1919 he was assistant commander of the UNR Army; led the second Winter Campaign of the UNR Army. Since 1924 he lived in Kharkov. In 1929 he was arrested, taken to Moscow and shot without trial in October 1930.

Passed away on this day in 2014 Oscar de la Renta (1932-2014), famous American fashion designer of Dominican origin. Oscar de la Renta was born in 1932 in the Dominican Republic to an aristocratic family. At the age of 18, he became a student at the Academy of Arts in Madrid. He dreamed of becoming an artist, but later became interested in modeling women's clothing. At 28, he designed a prom dress for the daughter of the American ambassador to Spain. Thanks to this dress, the girl appeared on the cover of Life magazine (1960), and Oscar was hired by the Spanish fashion house Balenciaga. He soon moved to Paris and went to work at the Balmain fashion house. In 1963, 31-year-old Oscar moved to the United States, where two years later he opened his own fashion house. Main feature things he created - a clear silhouette, rich and rich colors combined with luxurious fabrics. His work became even brighter and bolder when multiculturalism came into fashion. As one well-known fashion critic notes, "The more high society ladies preferred neutral cashmere pieces to minimalist styles, the more cheerful Oscar de la Renta's style became." Oscar de la Renta clothing was extremely popular among the first ladies of the United States: the fashion designer dressed Jackie Kennedy, Nancy Reagan, Laura Bush and Hillary Clinton. One of the last designer works of the master was a wedding dress for Amal Alamuddin, wife of George Clooney. Oscar de la Renta was an extremely sincere and open person, the epitome of impeccable elegance. He was known as a philanthropist.

Memorable date of the military history of Russia. On this day in 1827, the Russian fleet and its allies defeated the Turkish fleet in the Navarino naval battle.

Battle of Navarino

IN THE NAVARINA BAY OF THE IONIAN SEA

On October 8 (20), 1827, in the Navarino Bay of the Ionian Sea, a naval battle took place between the fleet of the allies (Russia, England and France) and the Turkish-Egyptian fleet.

After Turkey refused to comply with the requirements of the London Convention of 1827 on granting autonomy to Greece, the combined squadron of Russia, England and France under the command of the senior English Vice Admiral E. Codrington approached the Bay of Navarino, where the Turkish-Egyptian fleet was located under the command of Muharrem -bay.

The English squadron consisted of 3 battleships, 3 frigates, a sloop, 4 brigs and a tender (472 guns in total). Vice-Admiral E. Codrington commanded the English squadron. In the French squadron of Rear Admiral A. de Rigny, there were 3 battleships, 2 frigates, a brig and a schooner (362 guns). Under the command of Russian Rear Admiral L.P. Heiden, there were 4 battleships and 4 frigates (466 guns). In total, the combined fleet consisted of 10 battleships, 9 frigates and 7 small ships and about 1,300 guns.

The Turkish-Egyptian fleet consisted of 3 battleships, 5 two-decker 64-gun frigates, 18 frigates, 42 corvettes, 15 brigs and 6 fireships (in total, according to various sources, from 2.1 thousand to 2.6 thousand guns). The entrance to the bay from two sides was shot through by 165 guns of coastal batteries located in the Navarino fortress and on the island of Sphacteria. The commander-in-chief of the Turkish-Egyptian troops and fleet was Ibrahim Pasha.

On October 8 (20), 1827, the allied squadrons began to enter the bay in a wake column and take up places according to the previously adopted disposition. As soon as the ships of the English squadron began to drop anchors, the Turks opened rapid rifle fire on them and killed an English officer-parliamentary who was on his way to negotiate with the Turkish admiral. At the same time, the first cannon shot was fired from the Egyptian corvette at the French flagship Sirena, and the fortress batteries opened crossfire at the flagship of the Russian squadron Azov, which was passing at the head of the detachment through the narrow strait to Navarino Bay.

For 4 hours, a fierce battle lasted at a short distance, during which the allied squadrons acted in complete unanimity, providing mutual support to each other. The Turkish-Egyptian fleet was completely destroyed. The Russian squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Heyden acted most decisively and skillfully, defeating the entire center and right flank of the enemy fleet. She took over main blow enemy and destroyed most of his ships. The losses of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet amounted to more than 60 ships and vessels, including 3 battleships, 9 frigates, 24 corvettes, 14 brigs. Losses only killed and drowned amounted to more than 7 thousand people. At night, the Turks themselves burned almost all of their remaining ships. The Allies did not lose a single ship. Their losses in killed and wounded amounted to about 800 people.

In battle, the Russian flagship Azov, under the command of Captain 1st Rank M.P. Lazarev, especially distinguished himself. "Azov" sank 2 frigates and a corvette, burned a 60-gun frigate under the flag of Tahir Pasha, forced an 80-gun ship to run aground, and then, together with the British, destroyed the Turkish flagship.

For military exploits, the battleship "Azov" for the first time in the Russian fleet was awarded the stern St. George's flag and a pennant. Its commander, captain of the 1st rank M.P. Lazarev, was promoted to rear admiral. Rear Admiral L. P. Heyden became Vice Admiral, Knight of the Order of St. George 3rd degree, the French Order of St. Louis and the English Order of the Bath. Most of the officers of the Russian squadron received Russian, English and French orders and promotion.

ULTIMATUM TO IBRAHIM PASHE

Your Mightiness!

According to the rumors that reach us from all countries, and according to reliable information, we learn that numerous detachments of your army have scattered in different directions in the western part of the Morea, devastating it, burning, exterminating, uprooting trees, vineyards, all kinds of growths and, in a word, they are vying with each other in a hurry to turn this country into a perfect desert.

In addition, we were informed that an expedition had been prepared against the districts of Maina and that some troops had moved there.

All these extraordinarily violent actions are taking place, one might say, in our eyes and in violation of the truce, which Your Grace undertook by word of honor to observe inviolably until the return of your couriers. In violation of such a truce, by virtue of which your fleet is allowed to return to Navarino on the 26th of last September.

The undersigned are now sadly compelled to announce to you that such an act on your part, and such an amazing breach of your promises, place you, Gracious Sovereign, outside the laws of the people and outside the existing treatises between the high courts of the Allies and the Ottoman Porte. To this, the undersigned add that the devastations being carried out at this very time, at your command, are completely contrary to the benefits of your Sovereign, who, due to these devastations, may lose the significant benefits delivered to him over Greece by the London Treaty. The undersigned demand from Your Lordship a decisive and prompt reply, and present to you the inevitable consequences of your refusal or evasion.

Vice Admiral E. Codrington,

Rear Admiral Count Heiden,

Rear Admiral Chavalier de Rigny

HEROES OF "AZOV"

In the battle of Navarino battleship"Azov" fought a heavy battle simultaneously with five enemy [ships. Here is how Rear Admiral L.P. Geiden described it in a report to Nicholas I: “... The ship“ Azov ”... while it was surrounded by the enemy, helped the English admiral a lot, who fought with an 80-gun ship that had the flag of Muharem Bey, for when this latter, due to a broken spring, turned to the “Azov” stern, then 14 guns were immediately separated on this subject from the left side and acted for about half an hour with such success that they broke him, so to speak, all stern, and when a fire broke out in the constapel and its cabin and the people used all their efforts to extinguish it, then strong grapeshot fire from the Azov destroyed their intention, through which the enemy ship soon embraced the flames and, finally, was blown up into the air ...

To the credit of Captain Lazarev, I must most humbly add that strict discipline, daily cannon drills and the order in which the servants were always kept were the reason, and to which I am completely indebted, that the Azov ship acted with such success in defeating and exterminating the enemy. With his strong fire, he sank 2 huge frigates and a corvette, shot down an 80-gun ship, which was thrown aground and finally blown up, destroyed a two-decker frigate, on which the commander-in-chief of the Turkish fleet, Tahir Pasha, had his own flag and which burned down the next day, having, according to the pasha himself, out of 600 people of his team, up to 500 were killed and wounded.

About how M. P. Lazarev behaved in battle, P. S. Nakhimov wrote in a letter to his friend Mikhail Reinecke: “I still do not know the price of our captain. It was necessary to look at him during the battle, with what prudence, with what composure he ordered everywhere. But I do not have enough words to describe all his laudable deeds, and I am boldly sure that the Russian fleet did not have such a captain.

During the battle, future naval commanders showed themselves on the Azov: Lieutenant Nakhimov, midshipman Kornilov, midshipman Istomin.

AFTER THE PRAYER THE PEOPLE WERE GIVEN A CHARK OF ROMA

Exactly at 6 o'clock, the all-clear was struck, and, having thanked the Almighty in my soul for the glorious victory granted and the preservation from the destructive flame, I went down to the cockpit to look at the wounded brother. Thanks to God, his wound is not dangerous. There, the priest read the funeral for the dead, the doctor cut the leg of the wounded, the drunk ... shouted "Hurrah", and the secretary fussed around the sick. Having delighted the wounded and those who were in the kruyt-chamber with the news of a perfect victory, I ran to the poop. It was already dark. A beautiful evening, perfect calm, and nothing overshadowed clear sky while such horrors were being committed all around. The officers, having gathered, kissed like brothers, and the joy of seeing everyone whole was immeasurable. Everyone hastily told what happened to him in the detachment during the battle; As for me, in general I was very happy that day and I cannot describe the feeling that possessed me. I was especially made happy by our brave sailors, who fought with courage beyond all expression, and struck me with the power of attorney they showed to their officers.

At half past seven, an officer from Count Heyden came on board to congratulate the captain and officers on the victory and thank the admiral on behalf of the admiral for the speedy occupancy of the place and the glorious action of the guns. The Azov ship lost a lot of people and suffered in its hull. We also have quite a few dead and wounded.

After the prayer service, people were given a cup of rum each, ordered to stand in line with the cannons, where, having eaten crackers, they went to bed, leaving two sentries at each cannon. The officers, however, having gathered at the captain's, were very glad to find a salvaged roast there, and spent a very pleasant time for an hour at a merry supper. The captain divided us into two shifts, entrusting the leadership of each of them to a staff officer, who was supposed to take care of putting the ship in order and maintaining the guard. I joined the first shift before midnight, the others went to rest by their guns. We, having examined the sentries, gathered on the quarterdeck to admire the unusual and majestic spectacle. Batteries were lit on all the ships of the combined fleet, incessant detours plowed the bay and evoked the most varied hails of sentries. "Who row?" - shouted from us ... shouted the French ... on English ships. All this was mixed with rifle shots and at times drowned out by volleys of flaming Turkish ships or thunderous peals of a sudden explosion. All these sounds, without ceasing, shimmered in the mountains, illuminated by the bright flames of dying enemy ships, scattered along the shallows near the coast and reflected in the quiet waters of the bay, filled with the dead and drowning, looking for false salvation on the floating wreckage of broken ships. During my watch, from 7 pm to 12 pm, 7 explosions followed one after the other. The Turks, in desperation, set fire to their own ships. In these cases, each time the fire approximately spread throughout the ship, from excessive heat, the red-hot cannons fired of themselves, and soon followed by an explosion. Everything that was above the hook-chamber rose into the air, the rest was left to burn out on the water.

The author of the notes, Alexander Petrovich Rykachev, in 1816, at the age of thirteen, having excellent training, entered the Naval Cadet Corps and was immediately enrolled in midshipmen. In 1827, with the rank of lieutenant (on the ship Gangut), he took part in the Battle of Navarino. For the heroism shown awarded the order St. Vladimir 4th degree with a bow. 1877 in Kronstadt, a posthumous edition of the notes of A.P. Rykachev was published

P.S

At the presentation of Codrington to the Order of Victoria - it was impossible not to award him, given the enormous international resonance of this battle - the English king wrote: "Deserves a rope, but I have to give him a ribbon." The plans of the British government did not include the complete destruction of the Turkish fleet. When the jubilant public calmed down, Codrington was quietly dismissed.