Rose Mary Rose has a pink color. The height of the bush is usually about 100-120 cm. The width is about 100 cm, sometimes more, but quite rarely. Rose disease resistance Mary Rose: sick in unfavorable years.

Description: Mary Roses

Mary Rose is a variety of outstanding qualities. Although this rose is not as refined as other varieties, it has many other virtues. Flowering is very long, it starts early and ends late, the break between waves is very small. The growth form is close to ideal - the bush is branched and strong, but at the same time it does not become untidy, the variety is very resistant to diseases. The flowers are bright pink, although a little shapeless, but have the charm of old roses. In general, the bush in the border looks very attractive. The aroma is light. Mary Rose is widely used by us in the development of new varieties, to which it transfers its excellent qualities. Many sports have also come from this variety, including the white Winchester Cathedral and the pale pink Redoute. Such color changes are quite common in roses, and if such a sport occurs in our experimental fields, it is immediately grafted in order to propagate a new variety. (DAER) Most rose lovers will agree that this is one of Austin's finest roses. Mary Rose looks and smells like a real English rose. Flowers about 7.5 in diameter, pink, cupped. As the dissolution of the outer petals turn pale and slightly bend down. A medium-sized, spreading shrub, well suited for the center of a flower bed. Unfortunately, it is prone to black spotting. (Oliver) Mary Rose remains one of Austin's most popular varieties. The flowers are bright pink, with a slightly paler underside, cupped. In fully opened flowers, the middle is visible, the petals are wavy. The outer petals eventually fold back and fade to pale pink, while the inner petals remain bent towards the center. Flowers appear in clusters of 3-7, on long spiny shoots, good for cutting, although the petals fall off quickly. The bush is quite sprawling, in a warm climate it reaches 1.5 m, and it blooms almost without interruption - the variety blooms one of the first and fades last. The foliage is rather inconspicuous, prone to black spotting. (ARE)

1545. From the walls of Southsea Castle, the English King Henry VIII, who led the battle of the fleet from the land with the French armada of 200 ships blockading Portsmouth, watched the actions of his flagship, the Mary Rose. Built according to his instructions in 1509, this large four-masted ship, with a displacement of about 700 tons, shook the imagination of contemporaries and glorified the ruling Tudor dynasty. Indeed, its appearance literally revolutionized shipbuilding.

A feature of the Mary Rose was that it was intended specifically for artillery combat at sea. This goal was also subject to the placement of guns on several decks in the hull and superstructures, more advanced sailing weapons, and a particularly powerful hull capable of withstanding both the recoil of its own guns and the hit of enemy nuclei. In fact, it was the first floating battery of the English fleet. The ship received the poetic name "Mary Rose" in honor of the king's beloved sister, Princess Mary.
Heinrich had much to be proud of. In 1512, in a naval battle with the French off the coast of Brittany, the Mary Rose destroyed the French flagship, on which about 300 enemy sailors fought, with the fire of her cannons. Then there were other battles, the shelling of French cities, a victorious war with Scotland. And now the moment came again when the Mary Rose could show off its power.
The king, not hiding his admiration, carefully watched the ship through a telescope. Here he tilted a little, making another maneuver, and suddenly ... began to fall on his side! Henry was horrified. He didn't believe his eyes. The scream of the ship's sinking crew reached his ears.
In a few minutes it was all over. The once formidable ship went like a stone to the bottom of the Solent Strait, which lies between Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight, carrying more than 650 people with it.
The cause of the death of the Mary Rose remained a mystery to contemporaries. It was probably flooded with water through the open gun ports of the lower battery deck. But why were they open when maneuvering? Because of the carelessness or indiscipline of the crew, or perhaps because of the self-confidence of her captain, Vice Admiral Sir George Carew? Who knows.
One way or another, but attempts to raise the "Mary Rose" began almost immediately after her death, however, in hot pursuit, only the yards, sails and part of the guns were obtained. Two years later, in 1547, Henry VIII died, and the unfortunate ship was forgotten for almost 300 years. Only in 1839 did divers stumble upon the Mary Rose. They were underwater souvenir hunters, two brothers from Kent, John and Charles Dean. Local fishermen asked them to inspect the bottom, where their nets clung to some kind of obstacle.
The brothers enthusiastically took up the extraction of "souvenirs". For two years of work, the Deans managed to raise 4 bronze guns, 11 iron cannons, 6 parts from breech-loading guns, a lot of iron and stone cannonballs, 8 combat bows, an anchor-"cat", glass bottles and a lot of "small things". All this was described in detail and sketched, and then sold at auction. Some "souvenirs" of the Dean brothers were found centuries later. So, for example, one gun for many years was the decoration of a suburban station, and a roughly worked gun machine "gathered dust" in the warehouses of a naval base. But the main treasure left as a legacy to the descendants of the Dean brothers was the correspondence with the Admiralty and detailed map, where the place of their dives was marked. These invaluable documents for the researcher were discovered in the 1960s by Alexander Mackey, a military historian, an experienced diver and an amateur underwater archaeologist.
But to have authentic materials indicating the exact place of the death of the ship is still half the battle. For expeditionary research, search instruments and money are needed, and, as McKee perfectly understood, a lot. True, the first problem was solved relatively quickly. Luckily, an American scientific expedition led by the developer of sonar search equipment Edgerton. It was Mackey who managed to interest the project.
The very first call showed that there really was an anomaly in the alleged place of the death of the Mary Rose, there was a foreign body in the ground. But is this the ship you are looking for? And Mackey, armed with a long rod with a hollow pointed tip, rushed into the underwater depths. Feeling the ground in this way, he soon hit something hard. On the surface, a piece of wood was extracted from a hollow tip, which, as shown by laboratory analysis, was hundreds of years old. But skeptics, who are usually the main sponsors of projects, needed even more concrete evidence, and McKee turned to the public for help. In a short time, he managed to raise about 20 thousand pounds sterling and organize a workable group of divers (more than 200 volunteer scuba divers took part in the research of the ship every year: British, Canadians, Australians, Americans). It soon became clear that the ship had been silted up, which made it well preserved and is, according to the International Herald Tribune, "an invaluable Tudor museum, perhaps the most important English history from sunken ships.
This was the start of the Mary Rose Salvation Committee and a £1 million project to excavate, restore and display the ship.
Voluntary donors were satisfied. The number and historical value of the objects found on the ship exceeded all expectations. Navigational instruments were found on the Mary Rose: the oldest ship's compass found so far, bronze compasses, scale rulers, protractors, and fragments of maps. All this clearly indicated that the art of navigation as such and, in particular, the level of compiling navigational charts were at that time higher than previously thought.
The ship's doctor's cabin was excavated and explored. Among the items found in it was a walnut chest with medical instruments: two bronze syringes for injections, bandages, everything needed for poultices, a jar of ointments that preserved the surgeon's fingerprints, an amputation saw - more than fifty items in total. Among the personal belongings of the crew members, they found a toilet kit, which consisted of three combs in a leather case, a pocket sundial, a wooden playing board, leather book covers, musical instruments and much more - more than 20 thousand finds.
A real discovery for scientists was the discovery on the ship of two and a half thousand arrows (previously, there were only a few arrows of that era throughout England) and 139 large combat bows in excellent condition. Recall that the archers were a formidable force in english navy. Iron-tipped arrows hit targets at three hundred yards without missing, and often pierced armor. A skilled archer fired up to twelve shots per minute. During the battle, a hail of arrows fell upon the enemy. Large bows made of yew wood - almost two meters long, found on the ship, were equipped with horn tips. It is curious that for four and a half centuries the wood was practically not affected by water and marine organisms, but little was left of the arrowheads. Nevertheless, experts managed to find out that most of them belonged to the so-called blade tips. This type of tip was used equally for hunting and for war.
As for the arrows found on the Mary Rose, the vast majority of them were made of poplar, had a width (at the tip) of 1/2 inch and tapered to a tail of 3/8 inch. The average length of the arrows found was 30.5 inches, with a fluctuation of 2 inches in one direction or another. For all arrows, the slit for the bowstring was reinforced with a horn or bone overlay. The plumage was made from gray goose feathers. Feathers were tied with a thread, and then glued. For every inch of plumage, there were about five turns of thread.
By early 1981, the ship had been completely excavated. In accordance with the work plan, all internal structural elements, decks and bulkheads were dismantled and raised to the surface. Then began The final stage work - the rise of the ship's hull, which was carried out in October 1982.
By this time there were already active work at the choice of architects and designers for the construction of the Mary Rose Museum building. But, alas, things did not go further than drafting the project - the state and public organizations there was no "extra" money for the construction of a new museum, and the Mary Rose was delivered to the Portsmouth Historic Dockyard. A “temporary” museum was created nearby, in which a part (6%) of more than 19,000 exhibits was exhibited.
The beginning of the third millennium was a turning point in the fate of this unique historical monument. By a happy “accident”, the British Ministry of Defense decided to deepen the fairway leading to the Portsmouth naval base to accommodate a new generation of aircraft carriers. The historical site of the death of the Mary Rose stood in the way of the military, where parts of the ship and objects not raised to the surface were still resting.
A group of archaeologists-divers, led by a well-known specialist in this field, Alex Hildrid, decided to use the right moment to try to find the parts of the ship remaining under water - its anchor and the most important structural fragment, the so-called surface ram, on which guns and archers were placed in the bow, hitting the enemy with their arrows during a boarding fight.
The seekers were successful. According to Hildrid, the discovery and recovery of the battering ram was "the biggest archaeological discovery in England in the past twenty years."
The British public seemed to have their eyes opened. She suddenly “unexpectedly” realized what historical wealth lies at her feet, and “golden” rain literally poured on the Mary Rose. In January 2008, the British National Lottery's Heritage Fund provided a £21 million "survival" grant for the ship's conservation and restoration. Another 23 million was planned to be allocated for the construction of a new museum building.
No sooner had the jubilation subsided over a solid financial injection into the Mary Rose project, as a new surprise was presented by scientists. And which!
As you know, the ship sank in calm seas and moderate winds. After lifting the bramssels, he suddenly began to roll, then lay down on the starboard side, quickly took on water through the uncovered gun ports on the lower deck, rolled over and went under water two minutes later. A centuries-old mystery remained the question of why the gun ports were open. The Mary Rose officers and Vice Admiral Sir George Carew were accused of criminal negligence.
A very convincing answer to this question was given quite recently by Montgomery, a professor at University College London.
After conducting a study of 18 skulls (in total, about 10,000 human bones were found on the ship), discovered at one time on the Mary Rose, he came to the conclusion that more than half of them belonged not to the British and not even to the inhabitants of the Nordic countries, but to the southerners, most likely all the Spaniards.
This was established through analysis chemical composition teeth. According to Montgomery, the large percentage of foreigners in the Mary Rose team was the main cause of the tragedy. Spaniard sailors who did not speak well English language, simply could not quickly understand the command given by the officers to close the gun ports.

Rose Mary Rose is a popular variety from the David Austin collection, with abundant flowering and other outstanding characteristics. It was launched in the UK over 30 years ago and is still at the peak of popularity in many countries, including Russia.

Description of the variety and characteristics

The description of the variety, as well as the characteristics presented by the originator, fully reveal all the advantages of the Mary Rose rose:

• very long and early beginning undulating flowering;
• almost complete absence of breaks between flowering waves;
• close to ideal growth pattern;

• the formation of a branched and very powerful rose bush up to 1.5 meters high;
• increased resistance to common diseases at all stages of vegetation;
• formation of very attractive bright pink flowers with a cupped shape of old roses and a strong aroma, with a diameter of 70–80 mm at the stage full disclosure;
• the attractiveness of flowers due to a well-defined core and wavy petals, bent outward from the outside, and bent towards the center from the inside;
• decorative look, given to the rose by inflorescences-brushes, consisting of 3-7 flowers;
• long, strong and prickly shoots with an average level of foliage.

How to plant a rose (video)

The disadvantages of the variety include a tendency to shedding and burning out of the petals and not too high decorative foliage, which can also be affected by black spotting.

The Mary Rose has been used as the parent variety for such famous varieties as Winchester Cathedral and Redoute.

Before planting, the root system of the plant should be cut and soaked for a day in water with the addition of a rooting stimulator. In a planting hole measuring 50x50 cm, add a mixture of humus, compost and garden soil. When planting, the grafting site should be buried 7–10 cm into the ground to prevent the formation of wild scion growth. After planting, the aerial part of the rose bush needs to be spudded: this will improve its rooting.

Growing in backyard floriculture is not too difficult. It is enough to carry out a set of measures aimed at creating the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of decorative culture:

• as the soil dries up, in the evening, irrigate at the rate of 5–7 liters of water per bush;
• before the start of mass flowering, apply nitrogen-containing fertilizers, and at the flowering stage, give preference to phosphorus and potash fertilizers;
• in the season of prolonged rains, the buds are quite difficult to bloom on their own, so they need outside help;
• remove all faded and wilted flowers in a timely manner to stimulate the formation of new buds;
• timely remove weak, underdeveloped, old and diseased shoots;
• to form larger flowers, make formative pruning, which consists in shortening the stems by 50% of the total length;
• at least three times per season, carry out preventive treatment of plants with pesticides or folk remedies;
• cover the bushes for the winter using the air-dry method.

Application in garden decor

Rose bushes are almost indispensable in the landscape design of gardens and household plots. The Marie Rose variety is distinguished not only by dense and incredibly beautiful buds, but also by a sensual aroma exuded during flowering. Rose is great for decorating rose gardens, and due to the large volume of leaf mass, it is widely used in mixborders. High disease resistance and winter frosts allows the use of the Marie Rose variety as a tapeworm.

The combination of this rose with Slachys byzantina, three-veined anafalis, Schmidt's undersized wormwood and Artemisia stelleriatia is very successful. Marie Rose looks good in combination with pale silver-gray foliage and white flowers of Bieberstein's creeping vine. Hosta varieties such as Hosta fortuneï, Hosta sieboldiana and hosta tardiana give a special attraction to the pink flower garden. Due to the abundant flowering, the Marie Rose variety is used in landscape design almost everywhere.

Reviews of flower growers

According to experienced flower growers, the Mary Rose variety is perfect for cultivation in northern floriculture and has proven itself well when grown in the Yaroslavl, Ivanovo and Kostroma regions. Positive reviews it is based on the following observations:

• in regions with unstable weather, Mary Rose bushes rarely get sick;
• even under adverse soil and climatic conditions and winters with little snow, the variety winters well;
• in cold summer period and in low light, the rose consistently produces two powerful waves of flowering.

According to the observations of flower growers, the five-year-old Mary Rose rose bush, even with errors in care, remains very neat, but spreading: the dimensions of its aerial part are 1x1 m. If the cultivation technology is observed, the plant forms a lot of flowers, and their dimensions reach 12 cm in diameter.

The best varieties of David Austin (video)

The rose is one of the first to bloom, and the last to bloom, after the onset of a noticeable autumn cold snap. In autumn, the flowers last longer than other varietal roses, and have a brighter color. In the border, adult Mary Rose bushes look very attractive and decorative. Large inflorescences are evenly distributed on the bush, strewn from top to bottom.

In 1511, in Portsmouth, under the leadership of the English King Henry VIII, the first huge ship was built. "Mary Rose". Like the future "Great Harry", "Mary Rose" was a modernized version of the Spanish caracques. The displacement was 700 tons - not every ship could boast of such figures at that time.

After the Mary Rose sailed under the English banner for 25 years, she was sent for modernization, where her cannon power was increased and additional places were created for shooters and soldiers. Thus, on board the ship and its superstructures, there were already 90 guns, with a crew of 500 people (not counting the soldiers, whose number exceeded 250). With such a displacement and dimensions, the ship was clearly overloaded, which undoubtedly should have affected the stability of the ship. Subsequently, it was this fact that played a fatal role in the fate of the Mary Rose.

In the summer of July 19, 1545, the ship left Portsmouth and headed to intercept the French squadron. While sailing through the Te Solent Strait, the Mary Rose suddenly tipped over and large streams of water poured into the opened gun ports. Within minutes, the ship was completely submerged. The most likely causes of this tragedy are considered to be the poor stability of the ship, combined with unprofessional maneuvering in the strait.

In 1965, the English enthusiast A. McKee took up the search for the Mary Rose. He was inspired by the story of how the Swedish ship Vasa was found by the submariner A. Fransen. And he, like his predecessor, was lucky! The surviving hull of the ship was found. In 1982, fundraising began to raise the Mary Rose. The most serious problem in raising the sailboat was the dilapidation of its hull, which required time-consuming and difficult work in the process of rescuing it from sea captivity. Therefore, it was decided to dig the soil around the ship and lay a special frame under it, which was then lifted by a floating crane along with the ship. In our time, the surviving parts of the ship are stored in the Portsmouth Museum, including navigational instruments, guns and even dishes.

This state-of-the-art sailboat was the pride of the Royal Navy. It sank on a calm summer day in 1545. This disaster claimed the lives of more than 400 people. The reasons for the death of Henry VIII's warship sailing remained a mystery.

Henry VIII became King of England in 1509. Even then, the young ruler represented his state as one of the leading states in Europe. A special place in his ambitious plans was occupied by " Mary Rose". Henry believed that this, named after his younger sister, would become his secret weapon.

King Henry VIII with his sister

Fast, nimble flagship ship « Mary Rose" with powerful weapons on board emerged victorious from every battle. For him, he paid for those times a whopping sum of 3,000 pounds.

sailboat « Mary Rose was built in Portsmouth, England between 1510 and 1511. By its design, it was 70 years ahead of its time. His technical breakthrough was that the sailboat was already originally planned as a warship, while early buildings similar ships were carried out, as a rule, from merchant ships. During its construction, about 600 huge oak logs were used, which amounted to an area of ​​16 hectares. The strength of the structure confirmed that no weapon could destroy a sailing ship.

Mary Rose”was one of the first in which sheathing boards were fastened edge to edge, and not overlapping, which made it easier to build loopholes. This also made it possible to equip a sailboat various types guns and successfully use them in battle. In addition to everything, thanks to the sharp contours of the hull, the ship developed a high speed for that time. During one of the battles with the French sailboat « Mary Rose" pursued the enemy ship, thanks to the incredible speed, he equalized the distance to the distance of a cannon shot. One cannonball shot cut down the mast of a French ship, killing more than a hundred people in the process. After this incident, the sailors were nicknamed " Mary Rose" killer ship.

sailboat «Mary Rose»

ship's gun

Possessing a powerful warship, who faithfully served him for 34 years, King Henry VIII made daring attacks on French ships and on the possessions of Francis I. Soon the king of France got tired of this, he gathered an armada of ships and went to England.

In the summer of 1545, a huge French fleet arrived on the coast of England. King Henry VIII had only 63 ships led by the flagship Mary Rose.Killer ship led the English squadron, located in the harbor of Portsmouth in Speedhead, 3 miles from the enemy armada, which by that time had advanced from the Solent towards the east coast of the Isle of Wight.

On July 19, 1545, a naval battle began, and sailboat « Mary Rose" suddenly disappeared underwater. More than 400 sailors perished along with the ship.

The English fleet was outnumbered one to four. A loss unique warship threatened with defeat in battle.

The main power of the French armada was. These ships could maneuver regardless of the wind, and in calm weather, due to the rowers, they developed a speed of up to 5 knots, which was much higher than the speed of the British sailing ships . Also, galleys were considered easy to manage and could freely cross shallow water. Another innovation of these ships was the presence of guns in the bow, which posed a serious threat to the British.

engraving "The Battle of Portsmouth Harbor"

July 19, 1545 was a sunny summer day. The sea was completely calm. sailboats The British were at a disadvantage. They could not maneuver and aim their guns at the French ships. In the first half of the day, only galleys could move. They attacked the helpless british navy while it was drifting.

Later, the course of events changed. The wind picked up, the current changed its direction, and the English finally moved towards the galleys.

The French armada waited for the right moment to attack. Scouts who visited Portsmouth harbor found that the channel was too narrow to get into the harbor. It became clear that it was not possible to moor to the shore. The French fleet became an open target. The ships were running out of water and provisions. As a result, Francis I decided to return to France.

roll sailboat "Mary Rose"

What exactly caused the crash of the sailing ship remains unclear. It is not surprising that none of the versions considered hits by the French core as the reason for the sinking of the ship. One of the survivors informed the Ambassador of the Great Roman Empire that sailboat suddenly tipped over and filled with water. Other chronicles blame the ship's poor stability due to artillery overload.