In the 70s of the twentieth century, the norm of upper blood pressure was calculated according to the formula 100 + the age of the subject. Since then, medicine has made a huge leap forward, but the debate over the optimal pressure indicators, methods for measuring it and methods of treating hypertension has still not subsided. However, it is well known that high blood pressure can be the cause of a heart attack, stroke, visual impairment, and even dementia. We've put together 15 important facts about high blood pressure that can save your life.
1. Hypertension does not threaten everyone, but with age, blood pressure rises
Heredity is one of the significant factors in the development of arterial hypertension, and “good” genes in combination with a healthy lifestyle can protect a person from hypertension. However, starting at age 40, the level of systolic (upper) pressure inevitably increases. This is because with age, the vessels lose their elasticity and harden (atherosclerosis develops). To slow this process, doctors recommend consuming more whole grain and dairy products, fish and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. But with red meat, sugar and soda should be careful.
2. High blood pressure may not have symptoms
High blood pressure is not always accompanied by headache, tinnitus, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Sometimes the only way to detect a hypertensive crisis is to measure the pressure. As a rule, pressure drops at night and rises in the morning, but this is not typical for all patients. That is why the gold standard for the diagnosis of hypertension is daily monitoring of blood pressure. A special device measures pressure 3-4 times per hour during the day and every 30 minutes at night. This method allows doctors to detect hidden "daytime" and "nighttime" hypertensive patients. The cost of the service in Ukrainian clinics is from 1100 UAH.
3. People over 50 years old should monitor upper blood pressure
Upper systolic pressure - blood pressure at the moment when the heart muscle contracts. Lower diastolic pressure is the pressure between strokes when blood flows back to the heart. The upper indicator is the most important because it determines the peak load that arteries and vital organs experience with every heart beat. Too high upper pressure can harm the kidneys, eyes and brain, but lower pressure usually reaches a peak at the age of 50-55 years, after which it gradually drops.
4. Experts do not know what the ideal upper pressure should be.
Researchers are still discussing the optimal indicators of upper blood pressure for people older than 50 years. Until recently, the norm was considered to be pressure up to 140 mmHg, but recent more than 9300 patients with a high risk of cardiovascular disease have shown that maintaining an upper pressure of up to 120 mmHg, patients reduce the risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke by a third for five years.
5. Safe blood pressure determined by the doctor
For people with a low risk of heart disease, a higher level of systolic blood pressure may be acceptable. The same indicators can become critical for patients who have already been diagnosed with vascular atherosclerosis or coronary heart disease. That is why when choosing medicines you can not listen to the advice of friends and acquaintances: only the doctor can choose the optimal drug and dosage.
6. A healthy lifestyle reduces pressure no worse than pills
Moderate salt intake, a large number of fruits and vegetables in the diet, physical activity and weight loss can reduce systolic pressure by 5-10 points, therefore, with moderately high blood pressure, you may not need medication: just change your lifestyle to a healthier one.
7. Coffee raises blood pressure, but not for long
A small cup of coffee can really cause a jump in blood pressure. In 2011, scientists at the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition reported that 200-300 mg of caffeine increased systolic blood pressure by an average of 8 points. The effect lasts about 3 hours, but does not have a long-term negative effect.
8. Deep, calm breathing will help reduce pressure.
If you slow down breathing to 6 breaths in 30 seconds, systolic blood pressure will temporarily drop by 3 points. Let it be a little, but in some cases this method helps a person avoid a hypertensive crisis.
9. The older you get, the more careful you need to be with salt
Not all people are salt sensitive. With age, a person's taste buds may become dull, and he involuntarily chooses more salty foods. A large amount of salt is contained in processed foods, so people over 50 should carefully read the information on the sodium content in foods. When adding salt to food, keep in mind that a quarter of a teaspoon of salt contains 575 mg of sodium, and for people over 50 the recommended daily dose is 1500 mg of sodium.
10. Exercises with a hand expander will help reduce pressure
Exercises with a hand expander have been recognized as an effective alternative way to reduce blood pressure by several points. All you need to do is squeeze the expander for 2 minutes. Performing such exercises three times a week, hypertensive patients will be easier to control the level of blood pressure.
11. Modern medicines for hypertension are not always better than traditional
Doctors usually start treating hypertension with a diuretic. They remove excess salt and water from the body, reduce the load on blood vessels. More modern drugs are called ACE inhibitors: they inhibit the action of the enzyme, which turns the biologically inactive hormone angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure. While there is no evidence that ACE inhibitors are superior to diuretics in effectiveness. However, they often have fewer side effects and are better suited for patients with diabetes.
12. For most patients, one medication for high blood pressure is not enough
One drug, as a rule, is able to effectively lower the pressure in only 20-30% of hypertensive patients. The rest are prescribed combination therapy - several drugs at the same time. This approach allows you to block several factors that increase blood pressure.
13. OTC drugs can increase blood pressure.
Some over-the-counter medicines contain pseudoephedrine, which constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure. Such drugs include Gripeks, Gripend, Clarinase, Mulsinex, Nurofen Stopkold, Tylenol, etc. Pseudoephedrine can increase upper blood pressure by 3-6 points, therefore, before taking such medications, consult a cardiologist.
14. Blood pressure may drop too low.
When blood pressure becomes too weak to pump blood to the brain, orthostatic hypotension develops. Especially susceptible to this condition are older people taking a large amount of medication. If after taking the pills you feel weak and dizzy, be sure to tell your doctor about this: you may have to change the prescription.
15. You need to control the pressure all your life
After normalizing blood pressure after a hypertensive crisis, many people drop pills. But as soon as the hypertensive person stops treatment, his blood pressure will go up again. Since systolic blood pressure usually rises with age, it is very important to monitor it regularly. Also, most people with high blood pressure need to periodically adjust their medications.
“Did you know that the atmosphere of the globe is 5 trillion 300 billiards (5,300,000,000,000,000) tons?” In order to make it easier to understand this unimaginable number, it should be explained using an example. It would be possible to transfer such cargo from Moscow to St. Petersburg in just 4 billion years, provided that the cargo would be transported on trains with 100 wagons, and the path of one train was 10 hours.
The North Pole is colder than the South. A fairly popular stereotype among the "people". Firstly, the South Pole is heated by the sun about 7 days longer than the South. Secondly, the North Pole is located at an altitude of about 3 kilometers above sea level, while the South Pole is right above its level. Thirdly, the warm Gulf Stream is located near the North Pole, in addition, the North Pole is surrounded by continents from all sides, which also affects heat. As a result, we can assume that all statements that the South Pole is warmer than the North can be considered erroneous.
- Earth and air cannot exist separately. Imagine a situation where the Earth’s atmosphere does not move with the Earth. As a result, a person could simply rise briefly into the air without going anywhere and go down, as a result, the person would end up in a completely different place, because the Earth would have already moved. Thus, humanity could not travel.
- Atmospheric precipitation affects not only people, but also animals. For example, on the Pacific coast of America, in the Atacama desert, a maximum of 8 mm of precipitation falls annually, which is quite small for this area. Due to this weather, not only in the desert there are a lot of animal deaths, but also of their corpses. Dryness does not allow them to quickly rot, as a result of which corpses can easily lie on the ground for decades.
- People who saw a thunderstorm in Egypt can rightfully consider themselves lucky. People in this country are wildly happy about this phenomenon, because a thunderstorm can be a maximum of once every 200 years.
- The energy of the sun drives a strong thermal "machine", which overcomes the force of gravity, so this "machine" easily lifts into the atmosphere more than 500 thousand kilometers of water in a cube from the whole globe. And 411,000³ kilometers rise into the atmosphere exclusively from the surface of the ocean.
- Despite the fact that most people are negative about the appearance of lightning in the sky, it is useful for the soil. Lightnings manage to capture several million tons of nitrogen in the air, and later send them to the ground. Thanks to what your cereals in the earth can grow faster, and the crop becomes richer.
- The direction of the wind, and later speed, people learned to determine about 2000 years ago. The device that the ancient inhabitants of the world used is called the "Weathervane". The weather vane was invented in the East, but after its creation, it quickly appeared in Europe. In each country, Weathervane looked different. Somewhere he was portrayed in the form of a dragon, somewhere in the form of a tiger. Later, the weather vane became not only a device for obtaining the direction of the wind, but also an ornament. For example, in European cities of the Middle Ages it was often installed on tall buildings. In most cases, he was depicted as a rooster. People called the weather vane “the weather rooster”. Since, along with the direction of the wind, the weather changed very often. It was installed on hills for the reason that ordinary people passing through the city could see it from a far distance and learn about possible changes in the weather. 
- The Ustyurt Plateau is known throughout Kazakhstan. And the thing is that in this place there is a rather old well, which, as the locals themselves say, can predict the weather. The fact is that if any precipitation is soon foreshadowed: rain, snow, or maybe fog, then the well draws in air. If the weather is dry and sunny, then he pushes the air. In order for residents to determine whether he draws air into himself or, on the contrary, pushes out, you just need to throw something into the well, if it flies back, the weather will be dry, otherwise you should expect rainfall. Such a well was even nicely furnished with lime slabs. It is rightly considered a natural phenomenon, and the residents themselves claim that the ancient well has not been wrong in its predictions more than once.
- Many do not even guess what money the price of the Earth’s atmosphere costs. Scientists have determined that its approximate cost is 4.3 septillion. One septillion is $ 1,000 to the fifth power. 
- Every day, 100 tons of relatively small meteorites consisting of fragments of dust fall into the atmosphere of our planet. The percentage that at least one small piece of meteorite even by our standards will fall to Earth is extremely small, and scientists have the opportunity to find out about this long before its fall.
- The Khob meteorite is one of the most famous, since it fell to our Earth. He managed to get through the atmosphere for the reason that he was completely flat on each side. As a result, its passage through the atmosphere can be compared to the fall of a stone through water.
- Before oxygen appeared in the atmosphere of our planet, bacteria already existed on Earth. Their approximate appearance is 3.5 million years ago. Then oxygen did not exist. 
- At absolutely any time of the year, about 8.6 million lightning strikes the Earth daily
- A certain encyclopedia "Britanica" spoke out about the fact that clouds are able to "return" rain to the ground. The point is this. The energy of the sun directly affects the evaporation of water from land and from the water. In turn, much depends on the energy of the sun: the scheme of the moisture cycle in the air, the level of evaporation and the amount of precipitation, ocean currents. Evaporation will be higher than the level of precipitation over the ocean, and the wind will carry water vapor over the earth, later water vapor, that is, precipitation, will fall, that is, return to the earth. The expression “return rain to the ground” may not be the most accurate, nevertheless, theoretically, this is exactly what happens.
The atmosphere of the Earth is one of the most protective and therefore the most important components of our planet. Sheltering us from the harsh conditions of outer space, such as solar radiation and space debris, the atmosphere is a complex structure.
Although in our ordinary life we \u200b\u200bdo not give it its due, the attention of the whole world was riveted to the atmosphere in 2013, when the Austrian parachutist Felix Baumgartner reached the stratosphere in a capsule, rising to a height of 37 km above the Earth's surface, and made a jump . His record, astounding free fall has generated a new wave of interest in space travel and atmospheric physics.
In our list today, we will introduce you to facts about the Earth’s atmosphere, which are known to few, but should become widely known, since they are very important for understanding the world around us.
We will tell you how the ozone layer was formed, how deserts form in the middle latitudes, why planes leave a white mark after themselves and much more. So put aside all things for a short while and find out these 25 facts about the Earth’s atmosphere, which are really grandiose!
25. Want - believe it or not - but the sky is actually purple. When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, air and water particles absorb it, reflect and scatter it before we see it.
Since scattering prefers shorter light waves, the violet color is most strongly scattered. We think that we see a blue sky, not purple because our eyes are more sensitive to blue.
24. As you probably know from school, our atmosphere consists of almost 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and a tiny percentage of argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium and other gases. But what you most likely did not teach at school is that our atmosphere is the only one (apart from the magnificent discovery on comet 67P), which contains free oxygen.
Since oxygen is a chemically very active gas, it often interacts with other chemicals in space. Its pure form on Earth makes our planet suitable for life, therefore it is the object of the search for life on other planets.
23. Most people may misunderstand this question: where is more water - in the clouds or in a clear sky?
Although many people will think that the main “storehouse" is clouds, since it is where it rains, most of the water in our atmosphere is in the form of invisible water vapor. For this reason, more sweat appears on our body when the level of water vapor in the air, known as humidity, rises.
22. Some skeptics on the issue of global warming argue that this phenomenon is unrealistic, as their cities are getting colder. The global climate of the Earth is a combination of the most diverse regional climatic conditions. Therefore, even if warming is observed in some parts of the planet, in others it is cooling, but in general the average global climate is rapidly heating up.
21. Have you ever wondered why a plane flying in the sky leaves a white mark? These white traces, known as inversion or condensation traces, form when hot and humid exhaust gases from an airplane engine mix with cooler outside air. The water vapor from the exhaust freezes and becomes visible - just like our warm breath in cold weather.
A weak and rapidly disappearing condensation trail means that the air at this high altitude has low humidity, which is a sign of good weather. A saturated and persistent inversion trace indicates high humidity and may mean the approach of a thunderstorm.
20. The atmosphere of the Earth consists of five main layers, thanks to which life is possible on our planet. The first layer, the troposphere, extends from sea level to 8 km in polar and 18 km in tropical latitudes. Most weather events occur in this layer due to a mixture of warm air, which, when rising and falling, forms clouds and wind.
19. The next layer is the stratosphere, reaching almost 50 km above sea level. There is an ozone layer that protects us from dangerous ultraviolet rays. Although the stratosphere is above the troposphere, this layer can actually be warmer due to the absorbed energy of the sun's rays.
18. The mesosphere is the middle of the five layers, extending up to 80-90 km above the Earth's surface, the temperature in which fluctuates around -118 ° С. Most of the meteorites entering our atmosphere burn up in the mesosphere.
17. Following the mesosphere is the thermosphere, which extends up to 800 km above the Earth's surface. Inside this layer are the main areas of the ionosphere. Most satellites, as well as the International Space Station, are in the thermosphere.
16. The exosphere is the fifth and uppermost outer layer of the atmosphere, which becomes thinner and thinner as it moves away from the Earth’s surface, until it passes into the near cosmic vacuum (until it mixes with interplanetary space). It begins at an altitude of 700 km above the surface of the Earth.
The most exciting thing is that the size of this layer can increase or decrease depending on solar activity. When the Sun is calm and does not compress the layer during solar storms, the outer part of the exosphere can extend at a distance of 1000-10000 km from the Earth's surface.
15. The trade winds blow in the warmest parts of our planet, approximately between 23 ° N and 23 ° S That is why most monsoons and thunderstorms are born in these unstable regions.
Outside there is no such strong wind. Accordingly, minimal moisture from the oceans falls on the mainland, and dry air easily falls to the surface of the planet, often leading to the formation of vast territories of waterless deserts.
14. Most jets and weather balloons fly in the stratosphere. Jet planes, being at this altitude under less influence of gravity and friction, can fly faster, and weather balloons - get a better idea of \u200b\u200bthe storms that form below in the troposphere.
13. Our planet probably lost its atmosphere several times. When the Earth was covered with magmatic oceans, massive earth-like interstellar objects crashed into it. These blows (also involved in the creation of our Moon) could be responsible for the first attempts to form the Earth’s atmosphere.
12. Without various gases in our atmosphere, our planet would be too cold for human existence. Water vapor, carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases absorb solar heat, spreading it on the surface of the planet, thereby creating a climate suitable for life.
Scientists are worried that if too many heat-absorbing gases enter the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect will increase, getting out of control and creating a burning, unsuitable environment for life, as is observed on Venus.
11. Samples of atmospheric air taken after Hurricane Karl, flown over the Caribbean in 2010, showed that up to 25% of the bacteria found in it were related or were the same as those found in the feces. Many of these bacteria, present in the atmosphere, can collect in droplets and fall to the Earth in the form of rain. Scientists see these bacteria as a possible way to transmit disease.
10. Our notorious (and so necessary) ozone layer was formed when oxygen atoms mixed with ultraviolet solar radiation, creating ozone (O3). Ozone molecules absorb most of the harmful solar radiation, preventing it from reaching us.
Despite its importance, the ozone layer was formed relatively recently - after enough life appeared in our oceans to release the amount of oxygen needed to create it.
9. The ionosphere got its name because high-energy particles from space and our Sun help form ions, creating a soft, electric layer around the planet. This layer helped reflect the radio waves until the satellites were launched.
8. Acid rain, destroying entire forests and devastating aquatic ecosystems, is formed in the atmosphere, provided that particles of sulfur dioxide or nitric oxide are mixed with water vapor and fall to the Earth in the form of rain.
Both of these chemical compounds are also found in nature: sulfur dioxide is released during volcanic eruptions, and nitric oxide is produced by electrical discharges of lightning.
7. Although air pressure decreases with increasing altitude, it can vary to a large extent at the same place on Earth. When the Sun heats the earth, the surrounding air also rises, which rises, becoming a low-pressure point.
As objects move from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas, air near high pressure begins to move rapidly to equalize pressure.
6. Lightning is such a powerful force that just one lightning strike can heat the surrounding air to 30,000 ° C. Being an electric explosion, a lightning strike causes the appearance of a shock wave, which at large distances degenerates into a sound wave, which we call thunder.
5. Although the wind that we feel on the surface of the Earth often comes from the north and south poles, in fact it forms around the equator.
Since sunlight heats the equator and nearby latitudes more strongly, the greatest heating occurs here. (The sun's rays, of course, reach the poles, however, this happens at an angle and is not so active.) The heated equatorial air rises high into the atmosphere and moves towards the poles, where it falls and returns back to the equator.
4. The northern aurora and southern aurora, visible in high northern and southern latitudes, are caused by the reaction of ions that occurs in the fourth layer of our atmosphere - the thermosphere.
When highly charged particles of the solar wind collide with air molecules above our magnetic poles, they glow and create magnificent light shows that are visible both from the Earth and from space.
3. Skydiver Felix Baumgartner made history by committing
1. Lightning is beneficial. In their "lightning" flight, they manage to snatch millions of tons of nitrogen from the air, "bind" it and send it to the ground. This free fertilizer enriches the soil on which cereals grow.
2. The atmosphere of the globe weighs 5,300,000,000,000,000 tons. If, for example, it was required to transport a cargo equal to the weight of the earth's atmosphere from Moscow to Leningrad, and if each train had 100 wagons and traveled all the way in 10 hours, it would be necessary to spend almost 4 billion years on the transportation of this cargo.
3. Earth and air are inseparable. If the Earth’s atmosphere did not move with the Earth, then many trips would be very simple to make. It would be enough to rise above the earth's surface in a balloon and descend when the desired portion of the Earth is under the balloon.
4. The North Pole is warmer than the South. The North Pole is located at sea level, the South - at an altitude of more than 3 kilometers from sea level. The North Pole is surrounded on all sides by continents, which in summer give a lot of heat; the branch of the warm Gulf Stream approaches the North Pole; The North Pole is illuminated by the sun almost an allot longer than the South.
5. In the Atacama Desert on the Pacific coast of America, no more than 8 millimeters of rain falls annually; due to dryness, the corpses of dead animals dry up there and do not rot for thirty years.
6. Overcoming gravity, a powerful thermal "machine", driven by the energy of the Sun, annually raises 511 thousand cubic kilometers of water from the surface of the entire globe into the atmosphere. 411 thousand cubic kilometers rises from the surface of the ocean alone.
7. Thunderstorm in Egypt happens only once in 200 years.
8. The weather vane is supposed to be one of the most ancient meteorological instruments. About two thousand years ago, the idea of \u200b\u200ba windsock device was brought from the East to Europe. In ancient Japan and China, the weather vane had the appearance of a dragon. In medieval European Cities, it became a custom to decorate the spiers of tall buildings with a weather vane depicting a rooster. These devices were called "weather roosters," since a change in wind was often followed by a change in weather.
9. An ancient masonry well, "predicting" the weather, is on the Ustyurt plateau, in Kazakhstan. Before rain, fog or snowfall, he draws in air, and on a fine, dry sunny day, on the contrary, pushes it out. If at this moment you throw a hat in the well, it will not fly back and fly out. The well-phenomenon, laid out with hollowed-out lime slabs, serves as a natural barometer for Guryev shepherds. He regularly notifies them of an approaching bad weather.
The biggest mirage
The largest mirage was observed in the Arctic at 83 ° N and 103 ° W Donald B. Macmillan in 1913. This mirage, called Fata Morgana, consisted of images of “hills, valleys covered with forest peaks extending 120 ° horizontally,” which the American explorer R. Peary mistook for Earth 6 years earlier Crocker. On July 17, 1939, the mirage of Mount Spyfedls-Jokul (1437m) in Iceland was observed at sea at a distance of 539-563 km.
Auroras
Caused by discharges of electrically charged solar particles in the upper atmosphere and are most often observed at high latitudes. Auroras can occur at a certain time on a cloudless dark night in the polar regions within 67 ° of geomagnetic latitude. The upper boundary of the auroras passes at an altitude of 1000 km, while the lower falls to 72.5 km.
Lowest
The rarest cases of the appearance of auroras at very low latitudes were recorded in Cuzco, Peru (August 2, 1744), Honolulu Hawaii (September 1, 1859)
Silvery clouds reflect sunlight for a long time after sunset. This is because they are at a very high altitude. It is believed that they consist of ice crystals or meteor dust at altitudes of about 85 km.
Eclipse
The maximum possible duration of a solar eclipse is 7 minutes. 31 sec
The longest eclipse (7 min 8 s), the duration of which was measured, was observed in the Philippines on June 20, 1955. An eclipse lasting 7 minutes 29 seconds should occur on July 16, 2186 in the center of the Atlantic. It will be the longest eclipse in 1469 years.
An annular eclipse can last 12 minutes 24 seconds.
The total duration of any lunar eclipse per year can be 104 minutes.
The most and least frequent.
The greatest possible number of eclipses per year is 7, as it was in 1935, when 5 solar and 2 lunar eclipses occurred. In 1982, there were 4 solar and 3 lunar eclipses.
The minimum possible number of eclipses per year is 2 both solar, as it was in 1944 and 1969.
Atmosphere pressure.
The highest atmospheric pressure is 815 mm. Hg. Art. (or 1133 mb.) was registered on December 12, 1968 in the village. Akapa (Siberia, Russia).
The lowest pressure in the world (870 hPa) was recorded 482 km west of the island of Guam, the Pacific Ocean, at 16 44 N and 137 46 east October 12, 1979
During Hurricane Jimber in the Pacific on September 12, 1988, atmospheric pressure (at sea level) of 645 mm Hg was recorded. (or 860 mb.)
The lowest temperature (-143 ° С) was recorded at an altitude of 80.5-96.5 km during night observation of clouds over Kronogard, Sweden, from July 27 to August 7, 1963.
The height of the clouds.
Cirrus clouds are usually located at an altitude of 8250 m and above. However, the height of rare silvery clouds reaches 240,000 m. Cirrus clouds at an altitude of 8075 m contain non-frozen supercooled water, the temperature of which is -35 ° C.
The lowest are layered clouds - their height is 1066 m and below. The thickest clouds are tropical rain clouds with a vertical front thickness of up to 20,000 m.
The windiest place
The Commonwealth Sea off the coast of George V in Antarctica is the windiest place in the world, the wind speed here reaches 320 km / h.
The strongest wind on the surface of the earth
A wind speed of 371 km / h was recorded on Mount Washington (1916 m above sea level), New Hampshire, USA, April 12, 1934. A record wind speed (333 km / h) on a plain (44 m above sea level) was recorded March 8, 1972 at the US Air Force Base in Tula, Greenland.
The highest wind speed in a tornado (459 km / h) was recorded in Wichita Falls, Texas, USA, on April 2, 1958.
The most destructive cyclone
On November 12, 1970, winds reaching 240 km / h and a tidal wave with a height of 15 m hit the coast, the Ganges delta and the coastal islands of Bohda, Hatiya, Kukri Mukri, Manpur and Rabnabad (East Pakistan, now Bangladesh), in As a result, 300,000 to 500,000 people died.
The greatest victims of tornadoes. On April 26, 1989, a tornado hit the city of Shaturia, Bangladesh. About 1300 people lost their lives, more than 50,000 were left homeless.
Maximum material damage caused by a tornado. The giant whirlwinds that struck the states of Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio, USA, in April 1985, claimed the lives of 271 people, injured several thousand more and caused damage of more than $ 400 million.
The largest number left homeless by typhoon. Typhoon "Ike", in which the wind speed reached 220 km / h, flew into the Philippines on September 2, 1985. 1363 people were killed, another 300 were injured, and 1.12 million people were left homeless.
The highest death toll from typhoon. About 10,000 people died on September 18, 1906 when a devastating typhoon with a wind speed of 161 km / h hit Hong Kong.
The most tragic consequences of the monsoon. The monsoon, which raged in Thailand in 1983, claimed about 10,000 people and caused $ 396 million in damage. After that, nearly 100,000 became infected with the monsoon and about 15,000 had to be evacuated.
Waterspout.
The highest water tornado, the information about which is reliable, was observed on May 16, 1898 near Eden, New South Wales, Australia. With the help of theodolite, its height was determined - 1528m. Its diameter was 3 m.
“Atmospheric air pressure” - Fill the glass half with water, cover with a sheet of paper and turn over. Water does not spill. How do we drink? The figure shows a liver device for sampling various liquids. When the upper hole is opened, liquid begins to flow out of the liver. Pump operation. Automatic drinking bowl for birds. Why, in fact, does liquid rush into our mouths?
“Atmospheric Pressure” Grade 7 ”- Thank you for your attention. The air shell of the Earth is called the atmosphere. Different measurement methods. Pupils. Mercury barometer. Only planet Earth has an airy atmosphere. Atmosphere pressure. Barometer. Atmospheric pressure at various heights. Types of aneroid barometers.
"Living barometers" - It is known, for example, that bacteria react to solar activity. Let's go up the stairs of living beings and see who is capable of what. Dragonfly flight can tell a lot about the weather. Bees stop flying for nectar to flowers, sit in a beehive and buzz. Grasshoppers can report good weather.
“Air Pressure” - At low altitudes, every 12m of lift reduces atmospheric pressure by 11 mm Hg. Fastening. According to Pascal's calculations, the Earth’s atmosphere weighs as much as a copper ball 10 km in diameter weighs - five quadrillion (5,000,000,000,000,000) tons! . Why does the water from the overturned bottle pour out jerkily, with a gurgle, and from the rubber medical hot-water bottle it flows out in an even continuous stream.
“Thermometer and barometer” - For example, infrared body temperature meters. The liquid barometer is filled with mercury or light liquids (oils, glycerin). Electronic barometer. Infrared thermometers. Liquid thermometers. Aneroid - a device for measuring atmospheric pressure, a type of barometer operating without the aid of a liquid.
“Atmospheric pressure and altitude” - Aneroid Barometer. ” The liver is lowered into the liquid, the upper hole is closed and removed from the liquid. 6. Car drinker for birds. Organizational moment: greeting, goal setting and motivation of the lesson. Change the water in the summer once a week, and in the winter - twice a week. The pressure under the suction cup will become less than atmospheric.
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