15. Hypotheses and postulates If Fate allows, I may dwell on these issues in much more detail. I’ll involve one of my friends, professional philosophers, as a co-author, and we’ll write a book with them called “Fundamentals of the Theory of Humanocentrism,” where we’ll analyze everything

Hypotheses for the emergence of ghosts Modern science can no longer deny the existence of ghosts or apparitions. Too many witnesses saw them. Moreover, among those to whom they appeared, there are many people whose testimony can hardly raise doubts. Therefore, arose

AT THE ORIGINS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC HYPOTHESIS The term “telepathy” (sensation, feeling, suffering at a distance) was proposed by the English psychoresearchers E. Gurney, F. Myers and F. Podmore. They first used it in their book Lifetime Ghosts, published in London in 1886

Two Competing Hypotheses Blackmore distinguishes between two fundamental positions: The Afterlife Hypothesis suggests that NDEs are a glimpse into life after death. Her hypothesis about brain dying is based on the fact that all NDE phenomena... are products

Disadvantages of this Hypothesis Although Blackmore's attempt is admirable, in my opinion, her hypothesis has several significant shortcomings:1. A hypothesis is largely based not on proven facts, but on a “what if” assumption. Blackmore acknowledges this herself when she writes.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

• INTRODUCTION
• 1. HYPOTHESIS OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORIGIN OF UFOs
• 6. HYPOTHESES FOR THE APPEARANCE OF UFOS IN PARALLEL WORLDS
• 7. HYPOTHESES ABOUT UFO TIME TRAVEL
• CONCLUSION
• LIST OF REFERENCES USED:

unidentified flying object hypothesis

INTRODUCTION

UFO is an unidentified flying object. The most complete definition of a UFO was given by the famous explorer of the unknown Joseph Allen Hynek: “the perception of an object or light visible in the sky or space or above the earth's surface; a phenomenon, a ghost, a trajectory, the general dynamics and character of the glow of which does not find a logical, generally accepted explanation, is a mystery not only for eyewitnesses, but also remains unexplained even after a close study of all available evidence by specialists who are able, if possible, to identify the phenomenon from the point of view common sense."

In other words, if there is a message about the observation of any strange phenomenon above the earth, the case has not been identified with any meteorological or astronomical phenomenon known to science, and no evidence of a hoax has been established, then they say that we are talking about an unidentified flying object, about UFO.

In different countries there are many public initiative organizations and enthusiasts involved in the registration and analysis of UFO phenomena, including in Russia - Kosmopoisk.

In many countries (including the USA and the USSR), cases of UFO sightings were recorded by authorized military and civilian government agencies, including within the framework of secret special programs (Blue Book/Majestic-12 and ANA).

1. HYPOTHESIS OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORIGIN OF UFOs

The extraterrestrial hypothesis of the origin of UFOs is the most common hypothesis declaring UFOs to be alien spacecraft. Most ufologists consider only this hypothesis.

The extraterrestrial version was expressed in Jessup Morris’s book “The case for the UFO,” where the author argued that there is an alien base near the Earth, and UFOs fly to Earth from somewhere in the solar system. Morris wrote that alien technology is in many ways superior to Earth's.

In some cases, it was said that during contacts, enlonauts declared themselves representatives of an extraterrestrial civilization: J. Adamski allegedly had contact with a resident of Venus, Eduard Meyer from Switzerland claimed that in 1975 he saw a UFO landing on earth and communicated with humanoid creatures, allegedly calling themselves aliens from the Pleiades.

An example is a case first described in the Flying Saucer Review magazine for October 1969, also mentioned by ufologist Jacques Vallee in the book “Great Mysteries of the Earth.” On April 24, 1964, farmer Harry Wilcox was reportedly fertilizing his field near Tioga, New York. Around 10 a.m., he took a break and went to another field surrounded by forest to check it out. At the edge of the forest, he noticed a silvery object, which he first mistook for a discarded refrigerator, and then for some part of the plane. In fact, it turned out that an egg-shaped object of metallic color, approximately 5 by 6 m, stood on the ground.

The next moment, he allegedly noticed near him humanoid figures about 1 meter and 20 centimeters high, dressed in some kind of overalls and with hoods that completely covered their faces. Each of them held a "tray" with earth on it. The creatures addressed Wilcox in English, the words seemed to come not from the “head”, but from the whole body: “Don’t be alarmed, we have already communicated with people before. We come from the celestial body that you people call the planet Mars."

The creatures began to ask Wilcox about the fertilizers he was pouring, and he tried to explain to them that it made the crops grow better. The creatures told him that food was also grown on Mars and that supposedly due to changes in the “environment” these creatures were forced to master human agricultural methods. Harry Wilcox: “When they talked about space or their ship, I found it difficult to understand their explanations. They said they could only come back from their planet once every two years and were currently exploring the Western Hemisphere." The creatures were allegedly surprised that the farmer saw an egg-shaped object, “since their ship is more difficult to detect during the day,” they also talked about interplanetary flights, Wilcox was told that a person is unlikely to be able to successfully carry them out due to the inability of his body to do this.

It was decided to give these creatures a bag of fertilizer, but while Wilcox was going for it, the creatures and the egg-shaped object disappeared. The farmer left the bag in the field, and the next day he discovered that the bag was gone.

The most intriguing is Betty Hill's testimony about the alleged abduction of her star Zeta Reticulum by her inhabitants. Betty Hill, under hypnosis, drew a “star map” that was allegedly shown to her during the abduction, and an amateur astronomer later found and identified the stars depicted on it.

There are several arguments against this hypothesis:

- no signs of intelligent life have been found on any planet known to science. The lunar forests reported by Adamski were not discovered.

Interstellar distances. Opponents of versions of the involvement of extraterrestrial civilizations in UFOs draw attention to the gigantic distances between stars, which take many years to overcome at a speed less than the speed of light (the theory of relativity). However, many enthusiasts of the extraterrestrial hypothesis and science fiction writers are still developing methods of interstellar communications, but such reasoning has little impact on unidentified flying objects themselves.

- properties of UFOs that contradict our ideas about extraterrestrial intelligence. In some cases, stories were told about the properties of UFOs, moving very quickly, sharply changing flight directions, as well as the disappearances and sudden appearances of UFOs before the eyes of eyewitnesses - these objects do not always behave like solid bodies, like objects consisting of matter.

Absurd behavior of enlonauts. One of the most ardent opponents of the extraterrestrial hypothesis was ufologist Jacques Vallee, who in his works focused on the discrepancy between the behavior of the enlonauts and the behavior attributed to aliens by modern culture. He tried to draw attention to the obviously illogical behavior of the enlonauts - the supposed carriers of higher intelligence, the only ones capable of carrying out interstellar flights. For example, stories about UFOs dating back to the times of “airships” report on UFO “breakdowns” that are obvious to eyewitnesses, and on the actions of enlonauts, which are regarded by witnesses as “repairing” the UFO. If we postulate that UFOs perform space flights, then it seems strange that they are imperfect and prone to frequent malfunctions.

- inexplicable close contacts far exceed the number of them required for a physical examination of the Earth;

- the human-like body structure of the so-called “aliens” is unlikely to be due to their origin on another planet and, in a biological sense, is not adapted to space flight;

- the behavior described in the thousands of abduction reports contradicts hypotheses about genetic or scientific experiments with people by advanced races;

- the prevalence of phenomena throughout documented human history shows that UFOs are a phenomenon not unique to our time.

2. HYPOTHESIS OF THE NATURAL ORIGIN OF UFOs

Hypotheses about the natural origin of UFOs are based on the belief that all unexplained cases, reports of UFOs, if not hoaxes, then arise from the observation of phenomena already known, described and studied by modern science: meteors, flying birds, burning swamp gas, ball lightning, lepticular clouds, halos, northern lights, mirage, etc. Ufologists who adhere to this point of view are sometimes called “skeptics”. The most famous "skeptic" ufologists are Edward Condon, Philip Klass and Donald Menzel. This approach to the UFO problem still allows us to explain many cases. But sometimes “skeptics” deliberately ignore certain facts, details of eyewitness reports that contradict their conclusions. Not all cases of UFO sightings, in particular so-called close encounters, even remotely resemble atmospheric phenomena or meteors known to science.

3. PSYCHOSOCIAL HYPOTHESES FOR THE ORIGIN OF UFOs

It is known that even C. G. Jung considered reports of UFOs as a modern myth; he noted a possible connection between the disk-shaped shape of a “flying saucer” and the “mandala” - an occult symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism, personifying integrity and completeness. Jung explained the great interest in UFOs in the second half of the 20th century by man’s desire for harmony in turbulent times. In Soviet literature, an explanation of the UFO phenomenon similar to this enjoyed a certain popularity.

Thus, in 1979, an article by I.V. Sanarov “UFOs and enlonauts in the light of folklore” appeared in “Soviet Ethnography”, where it was stated that the problem of UFOs “is directly related to folklore: most information about UFOs is based on oral stories of eyewitnesses " Without raising the question of the reliability of reports about UFOs, Sanarov lists elements of stories about encounters with UFOs that make them similar to tales (as well as details that distinguish them from tales).

Tab. 1 - Some similarities between tales and reports of contacts with UFOs according to Sanarov

“All this,” concludes Sanarov, “allows us to conclude that the stories about UFOs and enlonauts are truly typical tales, closely related to popular beliefs. Therefore, in our opinion, it is necessary to clarify the statement about the collapse of epic stories as a genre, about their “degradation and dying” in our time: we can only talk about the collapse or transformation of the plot. It is not the little story that “turns into a fairy tale or even an anecdote,” but the plot, previously characteristic of little stories, now turns into the genre of fairy tales or anecdotes. But this story is being replaced by another. In this case, the story completely retained its form, its “heroes” changed: in place of the outdated devils and goblin with their carts and carriages came the enlonauts with their “flying saucers”, or UFOs. And this replacement did not even occur on the basis of completely new plot material: it matured, one might say, for many centuries. ...The old tale is alive not only in its genre, but also in its compositional features, the nature of its existence and its functional orientation.”

There is also an opinion that the huge number of reports about UFOs and the increased interest in them can be explained by some kind of crisis experienced by the population of a particular state. For example, in the late 1940s in the United States and during perestroika in the USSR, there was great interest in the issue of UFOs, and sightings were reported at this time. This version can be interpreted in two ways: on the one hand, the flow of witness reports about UFOs and mass interest in them is interpreted as a manifestation of the neuroticization of society (an increase in the number of people with mental disorders, the development of doubts in traditional religious or materialistic pictures of the world, a mass craving for the miraculous or fear of unknown); on the other hand, interest in UFOs may be fueled by intelligence agencies seeking to divert public attention from crisis phenomena. Some link the growth of UFO fascination with the rise of the New Age movement (a general name for a collection of various mystical currents and movements, mainly of an occult, esoteric and syncretic nature).

Soviet ufologist F. Yu. Siegel said that if UFO sightings are caused by hallucinations, “then psychiatry will have to explain the cause of the global mental illness of humanity, psychosis, characteristic of all generations...” Even Jung admitted in the book “Flying saucers: a modern myth of things seen in the sky" that "there are good reasons to believe that this simple explanation does not work. As far as I know, it has been established and confirmed by numerous observations that UFOs were not only seen by witnesses, but also registered on their radar screens, and they also left traces on a photographic plate. From this one can draw a simple conclusion: either parapsychological projections reflect radar signals, or the appearance of real objects contributes to mythological projections.”

4. HYPOTHESIS OF ANTHROPOGENIC ORIGIN OF UFOs

The idea that unidentified flying objects were built by people was put forward at the dawn of ufology (late 1940s). Initially, they were considered by ufologists in the United States as reconnaissance aircraft of the Soviet Union. The greatest concern was that the objects demonstrated capabilities inaccessible to military equipment of that time: they easily evaded pursuit, suddenly disappeared, moved at supersonic speed, abruptly changed their trajectory, while moving silently. Taking into account that UFOs showed interest in air force bases, top-secret military facilities, one can understand the panic they caused among Americans who were then living in anticipation of a new war.

There is quite a lot of archaeological evidence of the arrivals of technological UFOs, paleocontact (a hypothetical visit to the Earth in the past by intelligent beings of extraterrestrial origin, possibly attested in some ancient monuments of earthly culture), the existence in ancient times of a human (anthropogenic) civilization that had an aerospace fleet. For example:

"Ghost rockets" observed since the summer of 1946, first in the skies of Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway, and then over the United States and Great Britain, are suggestive of German V-1 and V-2 rockets. But the “ghost missiles” were also superior to everything that had been done up to that time: they maneuvered, moving sometimes too fast, sometimes too slowly. These objects were believed to be a new generation of missiles based on those captured in Germany and launched by the Soviet Union.

Unmarked helicopters have been seen quite often accompanied by UFOs, as well as in the vicinity of places where UFOs and cases of livestock mutilation have been recorded. Sometimes such helicopters landed and people in military uniforms got out.

So what kind of aircraft could these be? The following versions are being put forward:

Soviet reconnaissance aircraft. In particular, in the situation with “ghost missiles,” it was decided that in such a short time the USSR could not improve Nazi missiles so much. In addition, there was no point in risking new technologies by subsequently launching them not only within the main enemy (the USA), but also into the territory of Greece, Portugal, and Italy.

American aircraft. It has also been suggested that the unknown celestial objects observed in the United States are American aircraft, possibly created on the basis of obtained Nazi experimental samples or on the basis of captured alien technology. In the United States and Canada, attempts have actually been made to build disc-shaped aircraft, but most often they were unsuccessful: the disc-shaped shape does not contribute to the required aerodynamic effect. All past attempts to invent flying disks known today cannot be compared in maneuverability with the UFOs described at the same time.

Disc-shaped aircraft of the Third Reich. In 1995, V. A. Harbinson wrote the book “Project UFO”, where he reported that in the spring of 1941, Rudolf Schriever designed a small jet remotely controlled disk, which was first tested in June 1942. Schriver also built a round airplane about 137 feet in diameter in the Hartz Mountains in 1944. According to Harbinson, one of these aircraft was secretly launched on February 14, 1945, Schriever claimed that his aircraft could reach speeds of up to 4,200 km/h and could fly up to six thousand km, he said, the plans were stolen by the Allies before the end of World War II. He was convinced until his death in the late 1950s that the abundance of reports of "flying saucers" after the war showed that his ideas had been developed.

The Austrian inventor Viktor Schauberger tried to build similar aircraft, the 39- and 68-meter “Belonce disks”. His apparatus allegedly lifted into the air a “smokeless and flameless” engine that “consumed only water and air.” According to reports, when testing one of them, the disk reached a 15-kilometer altitude in 3 minutes, reaching a speed of 2,200 km/h.

As soon as after World War II in America they began to look for an explanation for the UFO phenomenon, hypotheses were put forward that they were launched from secret bases in the Amazonian jungle or in Antarctica by surviving Nazis.

- flying ships from Atlantis.

Activities of secret societies. It has been suggested that UFO reports are caused and stimulated by secret orders, like Freemasonic lodges, hatching plans for world domination. Enthusiasts of these hypotheses are convinced that UFO sightings and abductions are a consequence of the impact on the human psyche, the use of new technologies coupled with the secret knowledge of the ancients. Such ideas were discussed in Jacques Vallee's book “Messengers of Deception.”

Space debris. There are also suggestions that unknown objects observed in near-Earth space are space debris. Today, there are about 10,000 different objects flying in near-Earth space, the diameter of which exceeds 10 centimeters, and all of them are products of human activity. In space, in addition to small parts from failed devices, there are also large objects: out of approximately 3,100 near-Earth satellites, 2/3 are inactive and uncontrollable. Also in the disposal orbit are dozens of spent nuclear reactors from spacecraft. All these objects can cause a glow in the night sky and false suspicions in the observer.

The following factors can be cited to prove the success of this theory:

In different periods of modern times, UFOs looked consistent with the level of technological development at that time, although they were superior to it. For example, during the early days of airship construction, stories about cigar-shaped airships were popular; when aviation developed, there were stories of ghost planes; When the news of rocketry in Nazi Germany became known, the Scandinavian countries were talking about ghost rockets.

- creatures indistinguishable from people were seen near the UFO, in rare cases even, according to eyewitnesses, in “military” uniform.

- Unmarked black helicopters have often been spotted in the US in areas where UFO sightings have been reported or livestock mutilations have been reported. Sometimes they even sat down, and people in “military” uniforms came out.

Arguments should also be given against hypotheses about the anthropogenic origin of UFOs:

- UFOs in some cases exhibited properties that cast doubt on whether they were solid.

- some UFO maneuvers, such as turning at right angles at high speed, are destructive for any living creature, including a person, if one is inside the object at that moment.

- UFOs were observed long before the scientific and technological revolution came. This argument is the most compelling.

5. ULTRA-EARTH HYPOTHESES FOR THE ORIGIN OF UFOs

The so-called ultra-terrestrial hypotheses propose an terrestrial origin for UFOs. Some develop ideas that “flying saucers” are launched by civilizations living on Earth parallel to the human one, or that UFOs are unknown creatures living on Earth.

1. Underground civilizations

In March 1945, Amazing Stories, a magazine edited by Raymond Palmer, reported Palmer's account of welder Richard Shever, who claimed that he began hearing voices while working on a welding machine. According to Shever, a civilization of so-called “deros” is localized underground - dwarf creatures that irradiate people with harmful rays from underground. Subsequently, influenced by reports of UFO sightings by K. Arnold (Palmer even co-authored Arnold's book "The coming of the saucers"), Palmer suggested that unidentified flying objects appear above the earth, penetrating through holes in the North or South Pole.

2. Live UFOs

Kenneth Arnold also suggested that the “flying saucers” he observed in 1947 were creatures unknown to science living in the earth’s atmosphere, “something like aerial jellyfish.” Ideas about such creatures were expressed in the work of Eric Frank Russell “Sinister Barrier” and in the story “The Terror of the Heights” by A. C. Doyle.

In 1955, a certain Countess Zoya Vasilko-Serecki proposed consideration of hypotheses about atmospheric creatures and populated the upper layers of the atmosphere with bubble-like luminous animals that become cigar-shaped when flying, and they receive energy from the atmosphere. In 1978, Trevor James Constable’s book “Sky Creatures” was published, which developed the idea that UFOs are single-celled creatures (critters) living exclusively in the atmosphere, ranging in size from a few centimeters to a kilometer. These creatures supposedly emit infrared rays, making them invisible.

6. HYPOTHESES OF THE APPEARANCE OF UFOS IN PARALLEL WORLDS

There are hypotheses that link contacts with UFOs with ideas about the existence of so-called parallel worlds. These hypotheses attempt to explain the observed ability of UFOs to disappear or appear, as well as the ability of creatures whose appearance is associated with UFOs (enlonauts) to pass through walls and walk on walls in a horizontal position. The authors of the book “Life beyond planet Earth?” Janet and Colin Board believe that the enlonauts, calling themselves aliens and warning about possible man-made disasters on Earth, want to prevent disasters in their world and prevent humanity from learning about their existence.

The founder of the hypothesis is considered to be Mead Lane, who in the book “The Ethereal Ship and Its Explanation” wrote that UFOs are from a certain ether - matter that fills interplanetary space, that they consist of “jelly-like” matter capable of changing shape and size. In his opinion, UFOs are piloted by etherians - imperceptible beings from another world, living at a different “vibrational frequency” than people (an analogy is given: fan blades also become distinguishable only when they lower the “vibrational frequency”).

In the 1950s, Oregon resident A. Francesca allegedly came into contact with an individual named Orlon, who reported that his people wanted to enlighten humanity. Orlon reported: “The plates you are talking about are completely real cosmic bodies endowed with specific consciousness. They are two-dimensional, they can simultaneously be in the third and fourth dimensions or, if desired, in any of them. They can incredibly intertwine dimensions and each other, which is completely incomprehensible to our unprepared consciousness. However, there comes a moment when the “veil” falls and our dimension accepts them as they should look in it. And then many people see them. And it seems that they are suddenly appearing in large numbers in our skies. In reality this is not the case. They are always in our skies, but people are not always able to see them.”

7. HYPOTHESES ABOUT UFO TIME TRAVEL

According to this hypothesis, UFOs are time machines controlled by people of the future (according to the predictions of some scientists, man in the future will evolve into a squat creature with a huge head and small jaws - a creature noted when UFOs appear) or the past (hypothetical ancient civilizations, like the Atlanteans, capable to travel in time). This hypothesis can explain the behavior of UFOs, which, if desired, can be interpreted as a fear of making contact with people, cases of sudden appearance and disappearance of objects in front of eyewitnesses.

Let us quote from V. A. Chernobrov’s book “Encyclopedia of Ufology”: “On October 16, 1954, in Sieur de Riviere (Haute-Garonne department), a farmer returning from the field during the rain noticed a grayish two-meter disk flying at an altitude of 50 meters. When the UFO flew over the eyewitness, suddenly “time seemed to stop, drops of rain hung in the air, the rain thereby stopped, the trembling mare, as if having forgotten about the gravity of the Earth, smoothly rose into the air...” This “freeze frame” continued exactly as long as for a while, the person and animal were within the sphere of influence of the object (that is, for several seconds), then, as soon as they were again outside the sphere, the UFO “flyed sharply faster, the mare sank to the ground, raindrops also flew down.” This happened, according to an eyewitness, after... 10 minutes and not earlier!

8. SUPERNATURAL HYPOTHESES FOR THE ORIGIN OF UFOs

These hypotheses have been in demand throughout the history of mankind, but in the 20th century they were much less popular than, for example, versions of the extraterrestrial origin of UFOs; though since the 1970s. there is some flourishing of them.

1. Tengu

In 1828, Kokon Yomiko's book “Studies on Magical Creatures, Ancient and Modern” was published, which told about a Japanese boy Torakichi, who claimed to have seen a tengu - a long-haired mountain spirit. The doctor Hirata Atsutane allegedly heard about this story in 1820 and found Torakichi, who told him that at the age of seven, in 1812, he met a long-haired “man” with a vessel. The man climbed into this vessel, which then rose into the air and flew away. The next day, Torakichi again met with this “man”, who invited him to fly together in this vessel. When he agreed, they were transported in it to the top of the mountain, where, as Torakichi believed, tengu often gather. Torakichi often, but intermittently, made such “flights” and was absent from home for several months. Torakichi said that during one of the “flights” he found himself in cold lands inhabited by people who worshiped images of a man on a cross and a woman holding a child in her arms. Tengu informed Torakichi that they were practicing the "wrong" faith, and even spat on these images. Further, Torakichi said that he flew to the moon, while feeling cold. According to him, they came within 600 feet of it and saw that it was covered with seas full of what Torakichi compared to mud. On one of the surface areas, he saw holes through which stars shone through.

2. Demons

The Englishman Robert Burton in his work “Anatomy of melancholy” (XVII century) describes some of the properties of fallen angels, which make them similar to the described UFOs: “Many church fathers claim that as a result of the fall, the bodies of these spirits became more airy and insensitive... It is believed that their the shape is absolutely round, like the Sun or the Moon, because it is the most perfect shape, without rough edges, corners... or protrusions. However, their form is the most perfect of all perfect bodies. Therefore, all spirits... round in shape... can take on any other forms they want and achieve an external resemblance to anyone, they move through space extremely quickly, capable of covering many miles in an instant. Spirits can also... people's bodies... move them in space at an amazingly high speed... They can create castles, palaces, armies, various images, miracles, as well as objects in the air that are completely unusual for human eyes, they can create smells, tastes and deceive everything organs of human senses. This is, in any case, the opinion of the majority of those who write works on such topics.”

Orthodox priest, one of the founders of the Brotherhood of St. Herman from Alaska, Father Seraphim in his writings suggested that UFO sightings are caused by “the activity of evil spirits.” Rose graduated from Pomona College and the University of California, Berkeley, where he studied theology, linguistics and philosophy. He noted the similarity of some circumstances of close contacts with UFOs with the occult and said that visions of UFOs are caused by the devil, who wants to distract people from God and prepare them for the acceptance of the Antichrist, whose appearance, according to the Holy Scriptures, should be accompanied by heavenly signs.

Some authors provide parallels between the circumstances of modern cases of contact with UFOs and enlonauts and the properties of some demons described in demonological literature. Below is a table of interpretations of certain manifestations of contacts with UFOs from the perspective of Christian doctrine.

Tab. 2 - interpretation of certain manifestations of contacts with UFOs from the standpoint of Christian doctrine

CONCLUSION

The term “unidentified flying object” is a general concept denoting the movement of unidentified aircraft in the airspace, and is used by controllers of ground tracking services in relation to the recorded movement in the air of aircraft that cannot be classified. In ufology, it summarizes all cases of observation of unidentified aircraft, for which there is currently no other scientific explanation. However, there are a number of parascientific hypotheses that various authors resort to to explain these cases. This paper presented the main ones; all other possible hypotheses are a combination of them.

In conclusion, it should be noted that an analysis of the noted hypotheses about the origin and essence of UFOs shows that they rather help determine what these objects cannot be than answer the question of what UFOs actually are.

Apparently, it cannot be ruled out that UFOs could be spaceships of an extraterrestrial civilization that is far ahead of us in its development and has long mastered completely unknown to us methods of interstellar flights with transition to other dimensions of space and time.

It must also be emphasized that if UFOs are not of alien origin, then the explanation of their existence, according to Professor D. MacDonald, turns out to be much more complex, and may have even greater scientific significance for humanity.

This was confirmed, in particular, by the prominent American UFO researcher Professor Hynek, who stated back in 1972: “We now recognize that the UFO problem is much more complex than we originally imagined. Frankly, we still don’t know whether they come from afar, or whether they are very close to us, or whether they are, in some special sense, a product of our minds.”

Only one thing is clear: many of the mysterious abilities of UFOs are apparently associated with some properties of matter and energy not yet known to us.

It should also be noted that many scientists and journalists generally reject the possibility of the existence of some specific objects that could not be given the most prosaic earthly explanation.

Despite the fact that research into the problem of UFOs by government and public organizations in many countries has been ongoing for more than 50 years, the answer to the question of what the true physical essence of these objects is has not yet been received.

LIST OF REFERENCES USED:

1. Azhazha V. G. “Meet the UFO!” - M.: Veche, 1990.

2. Alekseev V., Grigoriev A. Religion of the Antichrist - Novosibirsk, 1994.

3. Arkhipov A. Forerunners of the “black cloud” // Technology for youth. -- 1983. -- No. 12.

4. John Keel “UFO: Operation Trojan Horse.” -- St. Petersburg, 1992.

5. Flying saucers of the Reich // Tambov Meridian. -- 2004. -- No. 20

6. Nepomnyashchy N.N., Nizovsky A.Yu. 100 great secrets. - M.: Veche, 2000.

7. Platov Yu. V., Sokolov B. A. “Study of unidentified flying objects in the USSR” // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2000. Volume 70. No. 6.

8. Ricci D. Encyclopedia of UFOs and Aliens / Transl. from English Vibe D.Z., Koptelov A.A., Filimonov S.V.. - M.: Veche, 1998.

9. Randels D., Howe P. Secrets of the UFO. 50 years of mysterious contacts / Trans. Furman L.M.. - M.: Publishing house. Veche, 1997.

10. V. I. Sanarov. UFOs and enlonauts in the light of folklore. "Technology for Youth", 1979, No. 11.

11. Wilding-White T., Gatland K. UFO // Monsters. Ghosts. UFO / Ed. Aksenova E. S.. Trans. from English Komissarov E. V. - M.: Rosman, 1995.

12. Hynek A. “UFO: an attempt at a scientific approach” // UFO. -- 2000.

13. Tsebakovsky S. Ya. Equation with UFO. - M.: Sovremennik, 1997.

14. Shuker K. Unknown / Trans. Drobut O., Kozak T., - M., - 1998.

15. http://ru.wikipedia.org

Posted on Allbest.ru

Similar documents

Postulates of the Prout hypothesis. Author's biography. Background of the hypothesis. Explanation of the atomic structure of chemical elements based on the hydrogen atom. Discovery of the law of radioactive half-life and planetary structure of the atom. Confirmation and refinement of the hypothesis.

presentation, added 03/29/2016


The nature of life, its origin, the diversity of living beings and the structural and functional affinity that unites them. Reasons for the dominance of the theory of evolution. Natural scientific hypotheses about the origin of life. Christian views on human origins.

course work, added 06/12/2013


Shape, size and structure of the globe. The first cosmogonic theories, nebular and catastrophic theories of the origin of the Earth. Hypotheses of Kant and Laplace, O.Yu. Schmidt, V.G. Fesenkov. Concentric nature of the internal structure. Chemical composition of the Earth.

abstract, added 02/16/2014


Making decisions about scientific research. Formulating a hypothesis, choosing a methodology. Drawing up a research program and plan. Processing of experiment results. Confirmation or refutation of a hypothesis. Drawing up a model of the phenomenon, its verification.

abstract, added 01/10/2014


The structure of the scientific method. Evidence collection. Creating hypotheses or models. Components of the hypothesis, the process of elimination. Testing a hypothesis through a designed laboratory experiment. The role of the comparative method in evolutionary research.

abstract, added 09/19/2009


The problem of the origin of life on Earth. The possibility of the existence of life in other areas of the Universe. Creationism. Theory of steady state, spontaneous generation, panspermia. Modern views on the origin of life on Earth.

abstract, added 10/04/2008


Consideration of Oparin's hypothesis about the origin of life on Earth. Familiarization with theories of the origin and formation of man as a biological species. The study of the properties, boundaries, conditions and density of life in the biosphere, the circulation of substances and energy in it.

abstract, added 07/08/2010


Biblical ideas and the development of natural science. The relationship between time and eternity in the theory of creation. Concepts of the origin of life, their varieties and features. Basic provisions of natural science theory, stages of the origin of life on Earth.

course work, added 11/11/2010


Hypotheses of the origin of the Earth, their essence, justification and development. Features of the process of formation of the inner shells of the Earth in the process of its geological evolution, their structure. The emergence of the Earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere and their role in the emergence of life.

abstract, added 03/16/2011


History of ideas about the origin of life on Earth. Hypotheses of the origin of life on Earth. Formation of primary organic compounds. What is considered life? Evolution of life on Earth. The emergence of highly organized life forms.

It's easy to mistake clouds, bright planets, or experimental rockets for unidentified flying objects (UFOs). There are hundreds of explanations for the appearance of these strange objects, and most of them are something other than just alien hypotheses.

Some people believe that extraterrestrial beings who abduct animals or people fly in metal flying saucers. Some people explain it differently. General Douglas MacArthur warned of alien warfare in a speech in 1955, he said that all nations of Earth must unite because the next war will be a war against aliens and some actually considered this statement to mean that he had evidence of the existence of extraterrestrial life.

During the 2012 Olympics, there were people who predicted an alien invasion and claimed that the Olympics were simply a ploy by the Illuminati and other secret societies to establish a new world order.

One theory suggests that the CIA was involved in the assassination of John F. Kennedy because he knew the truth about UFOs. Ten days before the murder, he demanded full disclosure of information on UFOs from the CIA and ordered the transfer of all data on this topic.

Kennedy saw a UFO in 1963 and therefore wanted to know more about it. A former CIA member showed a partially burnt piece of paper containing instructions to assassinate John F. Kennedy, but no one could prove that the document was real.

During the space race in the 1950s, the United States discovered an unknown satellite that was broadcasting something many thought aliens had sent 300,000 years ago to spy on us.

The theory of Dr. Bruce Goldberg - a hypnotherapist who considered himself the most knowledgeable person in the world when it came to time travelers. He believed that The UFO is the vehicle of a man from the future who has returned to help the genetic development of humanity.

This theory believes that UFOs are living beings, not vehicles. The theory was voiced by Trevor James Constable, who revealed the idea in the book “ They live in the sky”, published in 1959. He wrote that other than mechanical vehicles, some UFOs are actually invisible biological entities called “ sky creatures”, they can only be seen through infrared cameras.

Gnostic texts found at Hammadi in Egypt describe groups of beings called archons who are led by Jehovah. They appeared when the solar system was formed from a wave of plasma, and now they are trying to feed on our emotions. Theorists describe two types: one that looks like an embryo, and another that looks like a reptile.

They are telepaths who travel through space and influence us to believe in Jehovah. They are the ones who procured the Gnostic seer siddhis to allow Abraham to prosper. Does anything more need to be said about this ridiculous theory?

Gary McKinnon hacked into the US military's NASA computers between February 2001 and March 2002 in an attempt to find more information about aliens, and it was largest military computer hack in history. He claims to have discovered evidence that the government has captured a spacecraft and redesigned it to develop anti-gravity and free energy.

A document taken from the US State Department talks about Solar Program Chief. The purpose of this program is to maintain a secret fleet of spaceships in orbit.

This international passenger flight disappeared on March 8, 2014 over the South China Sea. When it disappeared, military radars continued to track it after it deviated from its flight path to cross the Andaman Sea, where it was lost. The world began to speculate about what happened and, of course, some believe that the plane was stolen by a UFO.

The event occurred in 2009 when a blue light formed in the sky over Norway. Rumors spread that its origin was unnatural, since it was shaped like a spiral.

Some blamed Russian missile tests, but others remembered Serge Monest and Blue Beam Project. He claimed that the UN, the Advanced Research Projects Agency, NASA, the US military and the University of Alaska had joined forces to create a huge holographic display that would usher in a new world order.

They wanted to project a fake foreign invasion, and then a giant God drawing would appear to promise salvation.

The marks left in the margins are considered to be an esoteric language related to the Kabbalah and is a demonic language. UFOs are manifestations of demonic activity and they serve as harbingers of the Apocalypse.

People abducted by UFOs are taken to participate in sexual experiments that lead to the creation of the Nephilim race. The goal of the demons is to pose as visitors from Space in order to weaken faith in Christ, as well as to prepare for the coming of the occult.

The most important proponent of the theory is Ernst Zundel, who argued that UFOs were actually created by the Third Reich and the secret Vril Society, which came into contact with aliens from the Aldebaran system. Once they lost World War II, the Nazis retreated to Antarctica and continued their development with the help of an advanced race living inside the Earth.

In 1946, America launched a large expedition to Antarctica, the actual reason for which was the destruction of a UFO base. Now all we have to do is wait for the Nazi UFO fleet to emerge from Antarctica and start World War III. We will wait.

Due to eyewitness reports, UFOs are one of the most recognized symbols of modern pop culture. Existing theories and assumptions regarding UFOs cannot be considered absolutely correct. They require further research. In any case, aliens and related theories will never lose popularity.

UFO hypotheses

First of all, Academician Azhazha proposed separating two problems that have merged together in our minds: the first is UFOs, which have been appearing on Earth and in near-Earth space for a long time, the second is extraterrestrial civilizations that no one has seen.

In his opinion, the UFO phenomenon and the so-called aliens are a manifestation of a mind other than human in the biotechnosphere of the Earth. It should be noted that back on July 16, 2000, the International Attestation Chamber issued V. G. Azhazhe an author’s certificate for the discovery of intelligence in the Universe. This amazing document was presented to him in January 2001 at the UN. But billions of people don’t know anything about it, and don’t want to know. So this mind influences earthly civilization regardless of our will.

From a purely scientific point of view, unidentified flying objects are of fundamental importance for understanding another world, about which we know even less than about the world of the afterlife.

V. G. Azhazha states: “Analysis of facts leads to the hypothesis that there is a material reality that simultaneously has mental properties. In other words, the psyche is a unique form of matter that allows one to manipulate physical objects and space. One of the main components of a UFO is its psychophysiological component. With its help, information, or rather disinformation, is introduced to the victim, eyewitnesses and other people, memory, and the vital functions of the body and its systems are blocked. With the help of the same information weapons, total control over the world is realized. UFOs are just a link in the system of enslavement of humanity” (6).

Revelations says about this:

The mirror image of the subtle worlds are antiworlds with negative energy... Along with the positive process of humanity’s movement up the spiral of Eternity, the negative or destructive forces of the antiworlds are activated, which try to slow down this miracle of the resurrection of humanity. The frequency of appearance of all kinds of cosmic objects (UFOs or crop drawings) is a reflection of this great tension or struggle that reigns in the worlds and in eternity, and these are warning signs to humanity...

Remember that the mirror image of the subtle worlds are anti-worlds with negative energy, which can significantly influence people, especially those who do not have solid knowledge and live by emotions... You have already been the targets of attacks, and more than once, but the scale of such attacks was calculated only in hundreds of people taken away for the sake of experiments by other civilizations not included in the Galactic Union... With an underdeveloped (your) civilization, planet Earth can become easy prey for a galactic aggressor! The time of your protection is coming to an end, and you are either preparing for the new realities of eternity, or eternal energetic slavery awaits you!

In the light of this message, V. G. Azhazhy’s assumption about the means of energetic enslavement of earthlings becomes interesting.

He claims that “one UFO is different from another UFO.” Some UFOs are positively disposed towards people, others are negative, and others are event-driven, that is, they act according to the situation. This means that the “programmers” who manage this phenomenon treat us differently. Aliens, or humanoids, are not at all the core of the UFO problem, but only a controlled cog in a complex control system, driven by certain hierarchs. There are known cases of helplessness and death of enlonauts who lose contact with a controlled ship involved in an accident. There is a hypothesis that UFOs and aliens are carriers of artificial intelligence that has some kind of self-awareness.

An analysis of the actions of aliens on Earth suggested one of the goals of the mysterious “programmers”. This is genetic engineering! With its help, the program of “technologically improved people” is already being implemented on Earth. The appearance of such “improved” ones is associated with the discovery of implants - miniature chips that are introduced into people’s bodies and give them new qualities. A person wearing a chip becomes a cyborg, a cybernetic organism combining biology and artificial intelligence. Apparently, mysterious “programmers” are preparing biorobots from us that generate psychic energy for them. They are going to control us using chips.

And perhaps they are already managing it. Perhaps some scientists who persistently push humanity towards genetic engineering are themselves already cybernetic individuals.

The statements of the Nobel Prize winner, who is considered a genius, Stephen Hawking, give rise to sad reflections. He claims that with the help of genetic engineering it is possible to create a superman - a race with a large brain capacity and higher intelligence. To do this, he proposes to develop systems that make it possible to directly connect the human brain with a computer, create “human-machine systems,” construct more advanced individuals based on genetic engineering, transplantology, enhancing their physical and intellectual abilities by implanting microchips, etc. (7 ).

Perhaps this is because Hawking is “a sad remnant of a once cheerful man, confined to an electric wheelchair, unable to pronounce the simplest word and therefore forced to communicate with people through a computer and a speech synthesizer.” Although at the same time, “he is a brilliant mind and a world-famous researcher who strictly follows the regime, lectures around the world and maintains extensive correspondence, a loving husband and a millionaire - this is also Hawking” (8).

More than forty years ago, Hawking, who was 27 at the time, was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. According to doctors, he had two to three years to live, no more. However, he showed a great will to live... graduated with honors from Oxford University and took the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, which was held in 1663 by the great Sir Isaac Newton. Such a brilliant rise in the career of a disabled person is amazing. Almost like Napoleon Bonaparte.

In the 20th century, the French researcher A. Lefebvre discovered in Napoleon's skull... a chip measuring no less than 12 mm and the appearance of a bone growth at the site of its insertion. It was established that this chip appeared in Napoleon's head around 1794. A check of archival data showed that just this year Napoleon suddenly disappeared somewhere and was absent for three days for unknown reasons. After his return, Napoleon said: “I am controlled by higher powers, and when they stop being interested in me, I can be brushed away like a straw.” It was from this time that the career of the artillery captain Bonaparte went up sharply, and from 1810 it also went down sharply (6).

Do you think this is fiction? Maybe. But, despite the apparent calm, people are constantly disappearing in the world. Some of us have heard something about this, but practically no one knows the scale.

It turns out that in 2003 alone, 50 thousand people disappeared in the United States, in Russia, according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, over 100 thousand, and around the world during the same year, about 3 million people disappeared. Most of the missing are quite respectable people. According to American and Russian ufologists, these disappearances are related to alien abductions, apparently for the purpose of “improvement.” Such abductions are irrevocable, but sometimes, after doing something to a person, they return him.

The massive nature of unknown influences on humans and the introduction of chips into their bodies led to the emergence of a new scientific direction at the intersection of ufology, energy informatics and medicine - ufological medicine. Its cornerstone is post-contact rehabilitation of the mental and physical condition of people. Over the past five years, at the Scientific and Social Academy of Russia, about 2.5 thousand people have undergone rehabilitation and were able to return to society (6).

Academician Azhazha believes:

Today's humanity lives in circumstances of absolute catastrophe. But for the most part, it makes desperate efforts not in order to realize this and try to correct the situation, but in order to escape from reality... In order to survive and be saved, one must take the path of personal heroism. All knowledge requires courage. The truth must become a meaningful choice for a person, because without a personal story, and most people live without a personal story, he will be like dust on the road, like dirt in a pond. Therefore, for a scientist there can be no forbidden areas or forbidden methods. He must boldly rotate in any direction and play any options (6).

With such an approach to research, the existence of a RAS commission on pseudoscience is nonsense! Fortunately, many scientists, despite the activities of this commission, are intensively engaged in research into anomalous phenomena.

An outstanding Russian scientist, leading researcher at the Joint Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy of the SB RAS, Professor A. N. Dmitriev, conducted expeditionary instrumental studies of various anomalous phenomena and anomalous objects in the Altai Mountains for many years. He drew attention to the fact that in ball lightning, tornadoes, poltergeists and even in UFOs there are translucent self-luminous bodies, which are observed in the form of transparent bodies of different sizes and shapes, but most often ellipsoidal in shape.

This common property allowed him to make the assumption that all these phenomena are a variety of the same physical phenomenon, which has many variants of its manifestation. It is precisely because of the presence of this luminous body, common to all, that the objects of the considered anomalous phenomena (AP) were called natural self-luminous formations (NSL) (4).

Among many anomalous phenomena, Professor Dmitriev's special attention was attracted to objects with a directed beam. According to archival data, more than sixty percent of the total number of self-luminous formations with an unclear nature of origin and existence are precisely objects with a beam. They are the most active, mobile and geographically widespread. They are seen everywhere, they “shine and scatter their rays along the ground” at any time of the day. The nature of the movement of objects capable of illuminating the surface of the Earth for hundreds of kilometers with bright rays is not predictable, and the reasons why they fly by and shine repeatedly in certain places are inexplicable by ordinary scenarios. Scientists have the impression that these objects, according to some planetary program, are carrying out intensive “radiation treatment” of the Earth, scanning large regions, for example, Siberia.

Meetings of scientists with objects of interest to them took place repeatedly. But alas... Photographs stubbornly do not record amazing observations, regardless of whether it is amateur photography or professional photography with good photographic equipment. The measuring equipment stubbornly does not register any indicators associated with the passage of anomalous objects. Only visual observations of eyewitnesses.

This is how one of the meetings of scientists with the expected object took place on the banks of the Katun River outside the village of Tyungur (Altai Mountains).

Late in the evening, a bright star appeared over the Terektinsky ridge, flying “straight down” and becoming brighter. When its size and luminosity exceeded the size and brightness of Venus by 2–2.5 times, the star, turning into a circle, stopped.

A narrow bright blue-white beam (typical electric welding) shot out from this object, directed straight down. As soon as the beam touched the surface of the earth, it seemed to jump up, and then, directed at an angle of 40–45 degrees to the ground, it expanded sharply, filling everything with bright daylight so that it was possible to read. The Terektinsky ridge, it seems, began to glow with “its own light”, the beauty is indescribable.

Everyone rushed to the devices, but not even five seconds had passed before the glare of the light became unbearable. Alexey Nikolaevich Dmitriev writes:

He closed his eyes with crossed palms, but... he saw the bones of his phalanges. There was a feeling of being crushed and unprotected, it was difficult to stand on my feet. There was a cry: “Get down!” Having fallen face down into the grass and being in a stream of bright light, I felt small, defenseless and helpless. At some point in time I felt that it was not light at all, but a luminous substance. “Powder,” as the military calls it. It really was powder, fine material, but not material.

And then: bitterness, resentment, powerlessness. The object flew by without allowing itself to be measured or photographed! After it was already possible to look with open eyes, geologists silently observed the afterglow of the sky for 2 minutes 30 seconds after the object went east. Without enthusiasm they measured what should have been measured during the flight. The turned on magnetometer filled a half-meter tape of zeros, direct evidence of sharp jumps in the magnetic field strength. That's all science (4).

A huge number of luminous objects literally permeate the Earth’s atmosphere, and science cannot yet say anything intelligible about UFOs and objects with a beam. And not only about them.

However, as a result of persistent research, it was still possible to answer some questions regarding other natural self-luminous formations (NSLs). We are talking about luminous bodies, which in many cases are clearly visible at night with the naked eye. But these bodies look much more clearly on video cassettes and on sensitive photographic film. PSOs were repeatedly observed, measured, filmed, analyzed, and finally recognized: in the physical vacuum, here and there, various natural self-luminous formations are found - plasmoids, which have a certain volume and surface, but do not have a clear scientific explanation.

Numerous appearances of self-luminous objects observed in different parts of the planet indicate cosmic depressurization.