Previously called Mr. Ordzhonikidze 1 i e. Ordzhonikidze - definition

One of the most beautiful cities in the North Caucasus is Vladikavkaz. The people here are hospitable and friendly. This city is inhabited by a fairly large number of people of different nationalities and religions. Let's find out in detail the main demographic indicators that characterize the population of Vladikavkaz.

Geographical position

Let's immediately find out the geographical location of a given locality before we begin to study the indicators characterizing the city's population. Vladikavkaz is located within the North Caucasus at an altitude of 692 m. It stretches on both banks of one of the largest rivers in the region called Terek, not far from its source. The Daryal Gorge is located 30 km from the city.

The city is located in a temperate climate zone with a temperate continental climate. The average temperature of the warmest month of July is 20.7 degrees Celsius. The absolute maximum is 39.2 degrees. The average temperature of the coldest month of the year - February - is 5.6 degrees below zero, with an absolute minimum of 27.8 degrees. The average annual temperature in Vladikavkaz is 9.2 degrees above zero.

During the year, an average of 933 mm of precipitation falls in the capital of North Ossetia.

In general, the climate of the region is characterized by relatively mild winters and long but dry summers.

At the moment, this city is the administrative center of the Republic of Alania (North Ossetia), and it is located within this region.

History of Vladikavkaz

To better understand how the modern population of Vladikavkaz was formed, we should delve a little deeper into history.

Since the beginning of our era, the region where Vladikavkaz is now located was inhabited by the nomadic tribe of Alans, which belonged to the Scythian-Sarmatian group of peoples. These were the direct ancestors of modern Ossetians. Pressed by other peoples, primarily the Mongol-Tatars, they moved further and further into the mountains, turning from a nomadic people into a mountain people.

In 1774, the current territory was annexed to the Russian Empire. In 1784, the Russian military founded the Vladikavkaz fortress on this territory. It was supposed to become a powerful fortification and an outpost in the advance of the Russian Empire into the Caucasus. The name of this stronghold was given by Count Pavel Potemkin, a distant relative of the famous prince, and was a shortened form of the expression “Own the Caucasus.”

The city was located at the entrance to the Daryal Gorge, and was supposed to be one of the points on the Georgian military road.

Over time, the fortress developed. In 1860, after the end of the Crimean War, it received the status of a city, which became the administrative center of the Terek region. Since that time, the population of Vladikavkaz began to be largely replenished by local Ossetians.

With the advent of Soviet power in 1920, Vladikavkaz became the central city of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. After its dissolution, it is recognized as the administrative center of the North Ossetian Autonomous Region and at the same time the Ingush Autonomous Okrug, but is not part of any of these entities. After the formation of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Okrug in 1934, the city became part of the North Ossetian Autonomous Okrug, becoming its center.

In 1931, Vladikavkaz was renamed Ordzhonikidze in honor of the famous party leader and revolutionary Sergo Ordzhonikidze.

In 1936, the North Ossetian Autonomous Okrug was reorganized into the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Ordzhonikidze became its center.

During World War II, it was on the approaches to Vladikavkaz that the fate of the entire Caucasian region was decided. Soviet troops managed to repel the enemy and protect this settlement.

In the period from 1944 to 1954. the city was called Dzaudzhikau. This is an Ossetian name, which is translated into Russian as “Deauga settlement”.

In 1981, one of the first ethnic riots in the USSR occurred in Ordzhonikidze, which broke out due to the conflict between Ossetians and Ingush.

In 1990, the city was returned to its modern name.

Currently, Vladikavkaz is developing, being the capital of the subject of the Russian Federation - the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania.

Attractions

The rich history of the city of Vladikavkaz determines the presence of many cultural assets and attractions on its territory.

The city has a large park of culture and recreation, a children's park, and a palace of pioneers. The real decoration of Vladikavkaz is the Alley of Fountains. The leisure time of the younger generation is made more fun and educational by the unique children's railway, opened back in 1967, which also contributes to the training of young men in railway professions.

The real cultural center of the city is Mira Avenue, formerly called Alexandrovsky. It houses the Alexandrovsky Grand Hotel, the garden of the Vladikavkaz fortress, and a whole group of historical houses. There are also monuments to Lenin and Khetagurov.

Among other iconic buildings in Vladikavkaz, the Memorial of Glory, erected in 2005, and monuments to Pliev, Bulgakov, Barbashev, and Dzhibilov should be highlighted.

There are many wonderful sights in the capital of Ossetia, but its most important treasure is the population inhabiting Vladikavkaz. Photos of this wonderful city can be seen above.

Famous Vladikavkaz residents

The city has given Russia and the world many talented people. Among the famous residents and natives of this locality, it should be noted generals Issa Pliev, Georgy Khetagurov and the founder of the GRU Hadji-Umar Mamsurov, heroes of the USSR and Russia Sergei Grigoryan, Kaurbek Toguzov, Lado Davydov, People's Artist of the Russian Federation Valery Gergiev.

But, naturally, this is not a complete list of outstanding people who were born or lived their lives in Vladikavkaz.

Population

Now let's find out the population of Vladikavkaz. This indicator is fundamental for other statistical calculations. So, what is the size of the population inhabiting Vladikavkaz? The number of residents of this city is approximately 307.5 thousand.

But is this a lot or a little? Let's compare the population of Vladikavkaz with other large cities in the North Caucasus Federal District. 429.6 thousand people live in Stavropol, 287.4 thousand people in Grozny, 239.0 thousand people in Nalchik, 587.9 thousand people in Makhachkala, 123.1 thousand in Cherkessk thousand people Thus, it has the third largest population in the North Caucasus region. The city of Vladikavkaz is one of the largest in this federal district.

In the list of all Russian cities, Vladikavkaz ranks 64th in terms of population. It should be separately noted that almost half of the population of the entire Republic of North Ossetia lives in this city.

Population dynamics

Now let's find out what kind of population Vladikavkaz had in past periods. The number of residents in different periods of the city’s existence changed in different directions: it either grew or decreased. This dynamics had both objective and subjective reasons.

The first statistical data characterizing the city's population dates back to 1784. Vladikavkaz was then inhabited by 2036 people. The population increased especially sharply after the fortress acquired city status. So, if in 1870 there were ten thousand inhabitants in Vladikavkaz, then by 1888 this figure reached almost 38 thousand.

Until 1992, the city's population gradually increased. Vladikavkaz grew, although there were years of temporary decline in numbers. These periods include 1895 - 1897, 1915 - 1920, 1937, 1969, 1979, 1985. But overall, the increase was noticeable. Thus, in 1992, the number of residents of Vladikavkaz reached its historical maximum, amounting to 325 thousand people. Then, from 1993 to 2002, a period began in which years of increasing numbers were followed by years of falling, and vice versa. Since 2003, Vladikavkaz has gradually become less and less populated. The population is steadily decreasing. The only year that is an exception in this cycle is 2015. But already in 2016, the population continued its decline.

Population density

One of the main demographic indicators is population density. Let's find out its value in the described locality. the city of Vladikavkaz, located on an area of ​​291 square meters. km, is approximately 1.1 thousand people/sq. km.

For comparison: the population density of Grozny is 0.9 thousand people/sq. km, Stavropol - 2.5 thousand people/sq. km, and Makhachkala - 1.3 thousand people/sq. km. Thus, Vladikavkaz has an average indicator in comparison with other administrative centers of the regions of the North Caucasus.

National composition

Now it’s time to look at which ethnic groups call Vladikavkaz their home. The ethnic population in the city is quite diverse.

Most of the residents of Vladikavkaz are representatives of the titular nation of the Republic of Alania - Ossetians. Their share in the total population of the capital is approximately 64%. The number of Russians in Vladikavkaz does not exceed 25%.

There are significantly fewer representatives of other nationalities: Armenians - 3.5%, Georgians - 2.2%, Ingush - 1.1%. The number of Azerbaijanis, Ukrainians and Greeks does not even reach 1% of the total number living in the North Ossetian capital. Kumyks, Turks, Kabardians, Chechens, Greeks, Gypsies, Tatars, Jews and even Koreans are present among the inhabitants inhabiting Vladikavkaz. The population of the city, as we see, is quite heterogeneous, although its main backbone is Ossetians and Russians.

Religion

Now let's find out what Vladikavkaz represents in the religious sphere. The majority of the population of this city professes Orthodox Christianity. It is this religion that dominates among Ossetians and Russians, who make up the vast majority of the city’s residents. In Vladikavkaz, throughout the history of the city, there have been 13 churches. Many of them were closed, demolished or destroyed during the Soviet period. But now some are being restored, in particular, the Alexander Nevsky Temple. In addition, on the territory of the city there is the Intercession Convent, which, however, was closed in 1921. The main temple is St. George's Cathedral.

The capital of North Ossetia is the center of the Alan and Vladikavkaz dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church, which is ruled by the Archbishop of Vladikavkaz.

The community of Armenians who are parishioners of the Armenian Apostolic Church is quite strong in the city. They even have their own temple, named after St. Gregory the Illuminator. It was founded back in 1868.

In Vladikavkaz there are also cells of other Christian movements, in particular Protestant ones, but the number of parishioners in them is relatively small. The most numerous are Seventh-day Adventists, who even have their own church.

The Catholic Church in the city is also represented by its parish.

But the Muslim community in Vladikavkaz is much larger than the Catholic and Protestant ones, although it is significantly inferior to the Orthodox. Islam is practiced by the majority of Ingush, Azerbaijanis, Chechens, Kumyks, and Kabardians living in the city. The majority of Muslims are supporters of the Sunni movement. In Vladikavkaz there is the Mukhtarov Mosque, built at the beginning of the 20th century, which was a museum for a long time during the Soviet Union. Only in the 90s was it returned to Muslims for the performance of religious rites. After this, periodic reconstruction of the building is carried out.

There is a Jewish community in Vladikavkaz, which has its own synagogue, as well as several Jewish cemeteries.

In addition, representatives of such religious communities as Buddhist and Hindu live in Vladikavkaz. The latter even has its own Brahma temple.

Followers of other religious movements in Vladikavkaz are not represented in sufficient numbers to form separate communities. We can say that they are isolated.

Economy of the city

A description of the population of the city of Vladikavkaz would be incomplete without indicating the economic conditions in which they live.

The city has developed mechanical engineering, metallurgy, light and food industries. Among the largest enterprises in Vladikavkaz, we should highlight the car repair plant, the automobile equipment plant, and the Pobedit enterprise, which specializes in the production of hard metal alloys.

In addition, on the territory of the urban district there are two hydroelectric power plants that generate electricity.

Vladikavkaz is connected to other settlements of the Russian Federation by road, rail and air communications. There are bus and tram lines operating within the city. Until 2010, it also had its own trolleybus fleet.

general characteristics

The main demographic characteristics of the city of Vladikavkaz were discussed above. As we found out, the capital of North Ossetia is home to a rather heterogeneous population. The city of Vladikavkaz is one of the largest settlements in the North Caucasus. Representatives of various nationalities live here, but the main backbone is Ossetians and Russians, the dominant religion among whom is Christianity.

It should be noted that over the past decade and a half, there has been an almost constant, with rare exceptions, decline in the population of Vladikavkaz. However, 2015 gave hope that in the future the demographic situation could radically change for the better.

Ordzhonikidze city

Geographical position. The city of Ordzhonikidze is located at the northern foothills of the Wooded Range, on both sides of the Terek. The height of the city above sea level is 650-725 meters.

Historical reference. The city was formerly called Vladikavkaz. It was founded by Russian troops as a fortress on May 6, 1784. Near the fortress was the Ossetian village of Dzaudzhikau. In the 30s of the 19th century, the Vladikavkaz fortress was located on an area of ​​60 hectares. Its location is determined by the modern buildings of the House of Soviets, School No. 5, Pushkin Square, Freedom Square and the adjacent streets. A high earthen rampart surrounded the fortress. Inside the fortress there were various service buildings, as well as premises for amanats (hostages) and a house for “passing gentlemen”. Pushkin and Lermontov stayed in this house.

Pushkin visited Vladikavkaz in 1829. He mentions the city and Ossetia in his story “Journey to Arzrum”. Impressions of Vladikavkaz were conveyed by Lermontov in the story “Maksim Maksimych”. In 1827, constant traffic opened along the Georgian Military Road, connecting the Vladikavkaz fortress with the city of Tiflis. Features of traffic along the Georgian Military Road at that time were vividly described by Pushkin in the story “Travel to Arzrum”.

The Vladikavkaz fortress gradually expanded and became overgrown with residential buildings. Small, semi-handicraft type industrial enterprises and churches were built, and trade developed. In 1858, the fortress was surrounded by a stone wall. The remains of the wall can still be seen today on the southern outskirts of the city at the junction of Tsagolov and Svoboda streets.

The fortress existed for 76 years. Then it was renamed the city. 1860 is considered the date of foundation of the city of Vladikavkaz. Soon Vladikavkaz becomes the center of the Terek region. The railway connecting Vladikavkaz with Rostov-on-Don (1875) was of great importance. Among industrial enterprises, such as alcohol-vodka, starch, leather, and soap-making plants, the Alagir non-ferrous metallurgy plant, built by Belgian capitalists, occupied a special place.

In 1911, automobile traffic opened on the Georgian Military Road. It was run by a French joint stock company. It was only during the Soviet years that the city began to truly grow and develop. With the proclamation of Soviet power on the Terek in 1918, Vladikavkaz became the center of the Terek Soviet Republic.

In 1932, the city was named after G.K. (Sergo) Ordzhonikidze. Since 1936, it has been the capital of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Now Ordzhonikidze has grown into a large industrial and cultural center with a population of 164 thousand people (1959 census).

Historical and revolutionary memorial sites. The struggle of the peoples of the Terek for Soviet power is closely connected with the names of the faithful sons of the Communist Party - S. M. Kirov and G. K. Ordzhonikidze.

S. M. Kirov lived and worked in Vladikavkaz from 1909 to 1918. He did a great job of creating a strong revolutionary Bolshevik organization and establishing Soviet power on the Terek. G. K. Ordzhonikidze, as Extraordinary Commissioner of the South of Russia, led the defense of the city of Vladikavkaz in the August days of 1918 and the struggle of the workers of the Terek Republic against the counter-revolution in 1918-1919.

On the street Kirov in house No. 50, you should visit the museum of S. M. Kirov and G. K. Ordzhonikidze and examine numerous exhibits that vividly depict the life and work of remarkable revolutionaries. Not far from the museum (Vakhtangov Lane No. 9) there is the museum-apartment of S. M. Kirov.

Along the lane. Timiryazev is located the building of the Agricultural Institute. The first Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies of Vladikavkaz worked in this building (former real school) in 1917.

The name of the street of the August Events recalls the heroic defense of the city from the Bicherakh counter-revolutionary gangs that broke into it in August 1918. Among the defenders of the city, a detachment of Chinese under the command of Pau Ti-san fought heroically. In this part of the city, on the young Chinese Square, the workers of Ossetia recently erected a monument to the Chinese comrades who died for Soviet power in North Ossetia during the civil war.

Street named after Noya Buachidze. On the wall of the building of the former Absheron barracks hangs a memorial plaque in honor of the fiery revolutionary Noah Buachidze. Samuil (Noah) Grigorievich Buachidze, a comrade-in-arms of the great Lenin, at the II Congress of the Peoples of the Terek Region was elected Chairman of the first Council of People's Commissars of the Terek Republic On June 20, 1918, at a meeting that took place in the courtyard of the Absheron barracks, he was killed by a treacherous shot from counter-revolutionaries.

Southern outskirts of the city. Not far from the Suvorov School (formerly the Cadet Corps), near the Georgian Military Road, there is a huge mass grave in which lie the remains of 17 thousand soldiers and commanders of the Red Army who died at the hands of Denikin’s executioners in 1919. Above it stands a monument-obelisk, carved from gray granite, with a memorial plaque. Here are also the graves of a number of party and Soviet leaders, workers, Red Army soldiers and commanders who died in the fight against counter-revolutionary gangs during the Civil War. On the days of revolutionary holidays, workers and schoolchildren of the city bring hundreds of wreaths here and lovingly lay them on the graves of fighters who gave their lives for Soviet power.

In the building of the city theater (Lenin Square, building of the Russian Drama Theater) on November 17, 1920, J.V. Stalin, on behalf of the Communist Party and the Soviet government, proclaimed the autonomy of the mountain peoples of the North Caucasus. A memorial plaque hangs here.

Museum of Ossetian Fiction named after. K.L. Khetagurova is housed in a former Ossetian church (southern part of the city, Kosta Khetagurova street). The ashes of the great Costa (born in 1859, died in 1906) lie in the museum’s fence, as well as the graves of prominent Ossetian writers and public figures.

Industrial enterprises. A large number of industrial enterprises are concentrated in the city. The Electrozinc plant is one of the largest non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the country. It was created in 1934 on the site of the old Kavtsink plant, with backward technology and dilapidated equipment. The plant operates on non-ferrous metal concentrates delivered from the Mizur enrichment plant. The plant produces non-ferrous metals: zinc, lead, cadmium and copper, as well as by-products: zinc oxide, copper sulfate and sulfuric acid.

Near the railway there are workshops of the car repair plant named after. S. M. Kirov, there is a glass container and insulating plant nearby. Every year more and more new enterprises come into operation. The Automotive and Tractor Electrical Equipment Plant occupies a significant place in the country in the production of tractor headlights and bicycle generators. The Elektrokontaktor plant, the gas equipment plant, the technical stone plant, and the sewing machine plant began operating. A musical instrument factory is being built.

The city has a number of plants and factories that produce building materials, clothing and knitwear, shoes, furniture, food products, etc. Some of the listed enterprises can serve as objects for excursions: for example, a glass container and insulating plant, an automobile and tractor electrical equipment plant, a hosiery factory , carpet production, car repair plant, brick factory, furniture factory.

Educational establishments. The city of Ordzhonikidze is a large educational center of the North Caucasus. There are 43 secondary schools in the city; craft, music, pedagogical, medical schools, sports and art schools; 6 technical schools: mining and metallurgy, railway transport, industrial, construction, Soviet trade, finance; 4 universities: mining and metallurgical, agricultural, pedagogical, medical. There are a Research Institute and the Caucasian State Institute for Design of Non-ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises. There is an evening university of Marxism-Leninism.

Cultural, educational and entertainment institutions. In the city center on the square named after. V.I. Lenin is the building of the oldest drama theater in the North Caucasus. The theater was founded back in 1869, and the building was built in 1872. Until recently, two drama theaters were located here; Russian and Ossetian. Now the North Ossetian Musical and Drama Theater is located in a new building (Embankment No. 18). Having visited the Ossetian Theater (founded in 1935), you will long remember the wonderful performance of People's Artist of the RSFSR V. Thapsaev, Honored Artists of the RSFSR S. Ikaeva, V. Karginova, M. Tsalikov, especially in such performances as “Othello” by V. Shakespeare, “Fatima” by K. Khetagurova, “Mother of Orphans” by D. Tuaev, etc.

The Song and Dance Ensemble of North Ossetia enjoys great success in the republic and abroad. The dance group of the ensemble is a laureate of the All-Union and World Festival of Youth and Students in 1957. The ensemble performs at the State Philharmonic (Sovetov Street). Here you can see fascinating Ossetian folk dance and hear melodic national songs. The cultural life of the city is rich. The city has many cinemas, clubs, cultural centers, and several sports stadiums.

On Prospekt them. Stalin is the oldest cultural center - the Republican Library, founded in 1895. The library has a book collection of 360 thousand volumes. One of the favorite and widespread sports is wrestling. The heroes of North Ossetia Boris Kulaev, Saukudz Dzarasov and Tauzbek Dzakhsorov are champions of the Soviet country and winners of many international competitions. In 1957, a television center was created.

In the picturesque surroundings of the city, on the banks of the stormy Terek, the Green Theater was built for 10 thousand spectators. Near the theater there are pavilions for industrial and agricultural exhibitions of the republic, and a little to the south there is a large water pool. On a hot summer day, hundreds of workers head to the pool. From here the panorama of the Caucasus Mountains opens in all its grandeur.

There are several museums in the city: S. M. Kirov and G. K. Ordzhonikidze, local history, Ossetian fiction named after. K. L. Khetagurova and artistic. For excursionists and tourists, the Museum of Local History, located in two buildings (Museum Lane No. 3 and Kotsoev Street No. 62), is of great interest. The museum has three departments: the history of the pre-revolutionary past of North Ossetia, the history of North Ossetia during the Soviet period, and the nature department. The latter is located in the building of a former Sunni mosque on the left bank of the Terek.

Streets, squares, parks, boulevards, public gardens. The straight streets of the city stretch from north to south towards the mountains. The city is decorated with boulevards, squares, and parks. In summer there is greenery and flowers everywhere. The streets are covered with asphalt. There is a lot of housing construction going on. Old one-story houses are being replaced by four and five-story apartment buildings. A new suburb has grown up on the outskirts, where workers and employees of the Electrozinc plant live. Most homes and businesses in the city have gas supply. City transport trams and buses.

The central street of the city is Avenue named after. Stalin. A shady boulevard of ancient trees stretches its entire kilometer-long length. It was founded in 1844 by order of the commandant of the fortress Nesterov and for a long time was called “Nesterovsky”. In the center of the avenue there is a square named after. V.I. Lenin, on which stands the monumental monument to V.I. Lenin, erected on the days of the 40th anniversary of the Great October Revolution. Around the monument there is a beautiful park of evergreen thujas and boxwoods.

At the end of the avenue. Stalin (northern part), at the junction with Kirov Street, in a small square there is a bronze bust of the glorious son of the Ossetian people, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel General Issa Pliev.

The avenue and boulevard at the southern end turn into Freedom Square. The square contains government buildings and a monument to Sergo Ordzhonikidze, built in 1949.

In the city center, opposite Freedom Square, on the banks of the Terek, there is a park of culture and recreation named after. K.L. Khetagurova is the pride and favorite vacation spot of the townspeople. The park covers almost 20 hectares. It consists of an upper park, founded in the 30s of the last century, and a lower park, founded in 1893. The park is decorated with beautiful shady alleys, many flowers, and fountains. In the upper park, near the large fountain, New Mexican acacias, blooming in large lilac-pink clusters, attract attention.

In the lower park there is a large rose garden with climbing roses. Spherical hawthorn bushes and blue spruce trees are also planted here. Bright, elegant Indian peacocks walk freely around the park. The cold waters of the Terek fill two artificial lakes. Snow-white swans swim majestically across the lake, and an important light gray pelican stands on the shore of the island. The park has a summer theater, a cinema area, a reading room, a lecture hall, sports and children's playgrounds, and a carousel. Music lovers can go to the stage.

Lenin Street runs parallel to Stalin Avenue, all green with young spruce trees, linden trees and maples. It ends in the south with a small square and Pushkin Square. A memorial plaque was installed in the fence of the square in memory of A. S. Pushkin’s stay in Vladikavkaz. Many streets of the city bear the names of fighters for Soviet power on the Terek: Marcus, Butyrin, Gibizov, Kesaev, Tsagolov, Ramonov, Kachalov and others.

In the western, out-of-the-way part of the city, there is a square named after. Karl Marx, decorated with a monument to K. Khetagurov. The monument was designed by the talented Ossetian sculptor S. Tavasiev. The best street in this part of the city is named after Noah Buachidze. At the intersection of Noya Buachidze, Ordzhonikidze and Tbilisskaya streets, a new beautiful four-story building of the Tourist City Base rises. The Georgian Military Road begins from here.

Many streets and squares of the city offer views of the mighty and beautiful mountain ranges of the Central Caucasus. They beckon and call to you with their pristine beauty.

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I Ordzhonikidze

Grigory Konstantinovich (Sergo), Soviet statesman and party leader. Member of the Communist Party since 1903. Born into a noble family. In 1901-05 he studied at a paramedic school in Tbilisi, participated in a social democratic circle, and from 1903 he conducted propaganda among the workers of the Main Workshops of the Transcaucasian railway. d. Participant of the Revolution of 1905-07 in Transcaucasia. In December 1905 he was arrested while delivering weapons for revolutionary detachments, in May 1906 he was released on bail and emigrated to Germany in August. In 1907 he conducted party work in Baku, was a party organizer in the Balakhani region, and a member of the Baku Committee of the RSDLP. Arrested in November 1907, exiled to the Yenisei province in 1909; in August 1909 he fled and emigrated to Iran, where he took part in the Revolution of 1905-11, carrying out instructions from the Baku Committee of the RSDLP. In 1911 he came to Paris and studied at the party school in Longjumeau (See Party school in Longjumeau). In the summer of 1911, on the instructions of V.I. Lenin, he returned to Russia, worked as an authorized representative of the Foreign Organizational Commission and was a member of the Russian Organizational Commission for convening the 6th All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP; toured a number of party organizations in industrial cities. Delegate to the 6th (Prague) All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP, elected member of the Central Committee and the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP. In April 1912 he was arrested again in St. Petersburg, in October he was sentenced to 3 years of hard labor and eternal settlement in Siberia. In 1912-15 he was in the Shlisselburg convict prison, then deported to Yakutia. After the February Revolution of 1917, member of the Executive Committee of the Yakut Council. In June 1917, he was a member of the St. Petersburg Committee of the RSDLP (b) and the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet. After the July days of 1917, he participated in organizing Lenin’s transition into underground; visited him twice in Razliv, informed him about the state of affairs in the party and received directives for the party. A delegate to the 6th Congress of the RSDLP (b), gave a report on the inadmissibility of Lenin’s appearance at the trial of the counter-revolutionary Provisional Government. Carrying out instructions from the Party Central Committee, he worked in June - August in Petrograd, in September - October in Transcaucasia. On October 24 (November 6), 1917, returning to Petrograd, he took part in an armed uprising, then in battles against the troops of Kerensky - Krasnov. In December 1917 he was appointed temporary Extraordinary Commissioner of the region of Ukraine, plenipotentiary auditor of the People's Commissariat for Food in the south of the country. In April 1918 he headed the temporary Extraordinary Commissariat of the Southern Region. During the Civil War of 1918-20, he was a political leader in the Red Army. In 1918, a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Don Republic, one of the organizers of the defense of Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd), chairman of the Defense Council of the North Caucasus. In 1919, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the 16th Army of the Western Front, then the 14th Army of the Southern Front, one of the leaders of the defeat of Denikin’s troops near Orel, the liberation of Donbass, Kharkov, and Left Bank Ukraine. Since 1920, member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caucasian Front and chairman of the North Caucasian Revolutionary Committee, chairman of the Bureau for the Restoration of Soviet Power in the North Caucasus. Since April 1920, Chairman of the Caucasian Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (6), an active participant in the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. In 1922-26, 1st Secretary of the Regional Committee of the Party, 1st Secretary of the North Caucasus Regional Committee of the CPSU (b). In 1926-30, Chairman of the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and People's Commissar of the RKI, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and STO of the USSR, since 1924 member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. From November 1930, Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council, then People's Commissar of Heavy Industry of the USSR. O. played an outstanding role in the implementation of the socialist industrialization of the USSR. Delegate to the 11th-17th Party Congresses; from 1921 member of the Central Committee, from 1926 candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee, from December 1930 member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Member of the USSR Central Executive Committee. Awarded the Order of Lenin and 2 other orders. He was buried on Red Square near the Kremlin wall.

Works: Articles and speeches, vol. 1-2, M., 1956-57.

Lit.: Lenin V.I., Complete. collection op., 5th ed. (see Reference volume, part 2, p. 461); Dubinsky-Mukhadze I. M., Ordzhonikidze, 1967; Ordzhonikidze Z. G., The Way of the Bolshevik, 2nd ed., M., 1967; Kirillov V.S. and Sverdlov A.Ya., G.K. Ordzhonikidze (Sergo). Biography, M., 1962; Party messengers. Sat. memories, M., 1967.

S. I. Yolkina.

G. K. Ordzhonikidze.

II Ordzhonikidze (before 1931 - Vladikavkaz, from 1944 to 1954 - Dzaudzhikau)

capital of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Located on the river. Terek. 265 thousand inhabitants (1974; 44 thousand in 1897, 78 thousand in 1926, 131 thousand in 1939, 164 thousand in 1959, 236 thousand in 1970). There are 2 urban districts in O.

Founded in 1784 near the village of Dzaudzhikau as the Vladikavkaz fortress to guard the Georgian Military Road (See Georgian Military Road). In 1860 it was transformed into the city of Vladikavkaz. Since 1863 the center of the Terek region. In 1875 it was connected to the Vladikavkaz railway. from Rostov-on-Don. By the end of the 19th century. in the city there were 54 factories and plants with an annual turnover of 2 million rubles. Was one of the centers of the revolutionary movement in the North Caucasus. Soviet power was proclaimed in November 1917. In February 1919 it was captured by Denikin's White Guard troops, and in March 1920 it was liberated by the Red Army. The history of the city is closely connected with the name of G.K. Ordzhonikidze, who in 1918 was the chairman of the Defense Council of the North Caucasus. In 1921-24 the capital of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, in 1924-25 an independent administrative unit with the rights of a province, in 1925-36 as part of the North Caucasus Territory (until 1930 as a district, until 1933 directly subordinate to the regional executive committee). From July 7, 1924 the center of the North Ossetian Autonomous Okrug (from July 1 it was included in its structure), from December 5. 1936 capital of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. At the same time, from January 10, 1936 to May 26, 1937, the regional center of the North Caucasus (from March 13, 1937 - Ordzhonikidze) region. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, during the Battle of the Caucasus (see the corresponding section in the article Caucasus), on the approaches to O. in November 1942, a group of fascist German troops was stopped and defeated.

Modern O. is a large industrial and cultural center. The leading role in the economy is played by new industries: mechanical engineering, instrument making, electrical engineering (plants: “Gazoapparat”, “Electrocontactor”, automobile and tractor electrical equipment, electric lamp, car repair, etc.). Non-ferrous metallurgy (Electrozinc and Pobedit plants) and the chemical industry were created. The glass, silicate-ceramic, building materials, and mining ("Kavdolomite") industries are developed. The light industry is developing (sewing, knitting, footwear, furniture - the Kazbek company) and the food industry, operating on local agriculture. raw materials. The city produces 3/4 of the republic's industrial products. Connected by an electrified line (23 km) from the railway the Rostov-on-Don - Baku highway and the Georgian Military Highway from Tbilisi.

V. A. Myakinin.

The rectangular network of streets was formed in the 19th and 20th centuries. The former Sunni mosque (1906-08, architect I. G. Ploshko) has been preserved. During Soviet times, the city was reconstructed and landscaped. The main thoroughfare is Mira Avenue with a boulevard along its entire length. In the center of the city there is Lenin Square with a monument to V.I. Lenin (bronze, granite, 1957, sculptor Z.I. Azgur, architect G.A. Zakharov), the Russian Drama Theater (1872) and a department store (1938, architect L.M. . Nappelbaum). On Freedom Square: House of Soviets (1936, architect B. R. Simonov), in front of the building - a monument to G. K. Ordzhonikidze (bronze, granite, 1949, sculptor L. A. Dietrich, architect B. V. Danchich), administrative building (1965, architect G.V. Chknavoryan), cinema (1967, architect V.F. Belov). Also built: a television center (1959), the Spartak stadium (1960), the Caucasus hotel (1960) - all architect T. M. Butaeva; railway station (1962, architect N.D. Yakovenko), Palace of Metallurgists (1966, architect G.V. Chknavoryan), Palace of Pioneers (70s, architect A.I. Btemirov). Residential microdistricts were created (1967, architect A.I. Btemirov).

In O. there are universities, agricultural, mining and metallurgical, and medical institutes. 12 secondary specialized educational institutions (including technical schools: mining and metallurgy, railway transport, electronic devices, construction). Theatres: Ossetian drama, Russian drama, musical, puppet theaters. Philharmonic. Museums: local history, S. M. Kirov and G. K. Ordzhonikidze, Ossetian literature named after. K. Khetagurova, artistic. Planetarium. Telecentre.

K. L. Khetagurov lived, worked and was buried in O.

Lit.: Larina V.I., Essays on the history of the cities of North Ossetia (XVIII-XIX centuries), Ordzhonikidze, 1960; Kusov G.I., Around the city of Ordzhonikidze, Ordzhonikidze, 1963; Semenov L.P., Tedtoev A.A., Kusov G.I., Ordzhonikidze - Vladikavkaz. Essays on the history of the city, Ordzhonikidze, 1972; City by the blue mountains. (Literature Index), Ordzhonikidze, 1972.

Ordzhonikidze. Embankment of the Terek River.

Vladikavkaz. Mariinskaya street. Early 20th century

III Ordzhonikidze

city ​​(since 1956) of regional subordination in the Dnepropetrovsk region of the Ukrainian SSR, in 5 km from the railway Chertomlyk station. 39 thousand inhabitants (1974). Extraction of manganese ore (Nikopol basin). Mining and processing plant; factories: ore repair plant, Stroydetal, bakery. Museum of History and Local Lore. Branch of the Marganets Mining College.

IV Ordzhonikidze

an urban-type settlement in the Sheki region of the Azerbaijan SSR. Located at 36 km to the north from the railway Yevlakh node. Grain state farm.

V Ordzhonikidze (until 1949 - Kharagouli)

urban-type settlement, center of the Ordzhonikidze district of the Georgian SSR. Located on the river. Chkherimela (Rioni basin). Railway station (Kharagouli) on the Samtredia - Khashuri line, at 160 km to the north-west from Tbilisi. Food industry. In the area (the village of Goresha) G.K. Ordzhonikidze was born, there is a house-museum named after him.

Vladikavkaz is located in the southern part of Russia, in the very center of the North Caucasus. Large industrial and cultural center. Vladikavkaz lies on the coast of the Terek River, on the Ossetian plain, 30 kilometers from the Daryal Canyon.

The Vladikavkaz fortress (the name represents the words “owning the Caucasus”) was founded in 1784, not far from the settlement of Dzauga. She guarded the entrance to the Daryal Gorge. The fortress was important in the system of border reinforcements until 1863. As part of the Terek region, in 1861, Vladikavkaz received the official status of a city. Became its administrative center in 1963. The railway line was laid in 1875; it connected Vladikavkaz with Rostov-on-Don. One of the main parts of the revolutionary movement was Vladikavkaz in the first half of the 20th century. The city received the new name Ordzhonikidze in September 1931. The city was called Dzaudzhikau in the period from 1944-1954, and was renamed back to Ordzhonikidze in 1954. Ordzhonikidze was given a new name - Vladikavkaz in July 1990. A major center for training world champion athletes, as before, is Vladikavkaz.

The climate is temperate, weakened by the proximity of the mountains.

Population of Vladikavkaz for 2018 and 2019. Number of residents of Vladikavkaz

Data on the number of city residents are taken from the Federal State Statistics Service. The official website of the Rosstat service is www.gks.ru. The data was also taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The website publishes data on the number of residents of Vladikavkaz. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Vladikavkaz by year; the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.

Number of residents of Vladikavkaz Years
315,600 people 2003
314,500 people 2005 year
312,800 people 2008
311,693 people [*] 2010
311,700 people 2011
310,070 people [*] year 2012
308,285 people [*] year 2013
307,310 people [*] year 2014
308,190 people 2015
307,478 people 2016
306,978 people 2017
306,258 people 2018
304,897 people 2019

Graph of population changes in Vladikavkaz:

Vladikavkaz photo of the city. Photo of Vladikavkaz


Information about the city of Vladikavkaz on Wikipedia:

Link to the Vladikavkaz website. You can get a lot of additional information by reading it on the official website of Vladikavkaz, the official portal of Vladikavkaz and the government.
Official website of Vladikavkaz

Map of the city of Vladikavkaz. Vladikavkaz Yandex maps

Created using the Yandex service People's Map (Yandex map), when zoomed out you can understand the location of Vladikavkaz on the map of Russia. Vladikavkaz Yandex maps. Interactive Yandex map of the city of Vladikavkaz with street names, as well as house numbers. The map has all the symbols of Vladikavkaz, it is convenient and not difficult to use.

On the page you can find some descriptions of Vladikavkaz. You can also see the location of the city of Vladikavkaz on the Yandex map. Detailed with descriptions and labels of all city objects.